Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

Downregulation of electroacupuncture at ST36 on TNF-α in rats with ulcerative colitis

AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC), and further elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of EA on UC.METHODS: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=-8): normal control group, UC control group, UC+ST36 group and UC+nonacupoint group. A solution containing ethanol and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was instilled into the distal colon in the rat (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) to set up UC rat model. Rats in wakefulness state of UC+ST36 group were stimulated at ST36 by EA once a day, while those of UC+nonacupoint group were done at 0.5 cm beside ST36. After 10d treatment, all rats were sacrificed simultaneously. Colon musocal inflammation and damage were assessed by measuring colon mass, morphologic damage score, colonic myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) activity, serum TNF-α and colonic TNF-α mRNA level. Morphologic damage score was examined under stereomicroscope. Colonic MPO activity was measured by spectrophotometer method. Serum TNF-αconcentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).Colonic TNF-α mRNA expression level was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: Ratio of colonic mass/body mass (mC/mB) and activity of colonic MPO (μkat/g tissue) markedly increased (8.5±2.6 vs 2.5±0.4; 145±25 vs 24±8, P＜0.01 vs normal control group). Compared with normal control rats, serum TNF-α and colonic TNF-α mRNA level in UC control group were increased 2.5 fold (2 278±170 vs 894±248, P＜0.01)and 4.3 fold (0.98±0.11 vs 0.23±0.11, P＜0.01)respectively. After EA at ST36, mc/mB and MPO activity were reduced significantly (5.3±2.0 vs 8.5±2.6; 104±36 vs145±25, P＜0.01, 0.05) compared with those of UC control group. Serum TNF-α and colonic TNF-α mRNA level were inhibited by EA stimulation at ST36 (P＜0.01). The inhibitory rate was 16 % and 44 % respectively.Morphologic damage score was also increased markedly in rat with UC (P＜0.01), whereas it was decreased by EA at ST36 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between UC control group and UC+EA at non-acupoint (P＞0.05). Furthermore, these parameters were highly correlated with each other (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum TNF-α concentration and colonic TNF-α mRNA expression level are increased significantly in UC rats in correlation with the severity of disease. It indicates that TNF-α is closely involved in the immune abnormalities and inflammatory responses in UC. EA at ST36 has therapeutic effect on UC by downregulating serum TNF-r and colonic TNF-r mRNA expression. High levels of TNF-αand its corresponding mRNA expression seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of UC.

Effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of smokeinduced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE:Improvement in lung function was reported after acupuncture treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Because an immune response imbalance could be seen in COPD,we hypothesize that electroacupuncture(EA) may play a role in regulating inflammatory cytokines and contribute to lung protection in a rat model of smoke-induced COPD. METHODS:A COPD model using male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke was established.The rats were randomly divided into four groups(control,sham,COPD,and COPD plus EA),and COPD model was evaluated by measuring pulmonary pathological changes and lung function.EA was applied to the acupuncture point Zusanli(ST36) for 30 min/d for 14 d in sham and COPD rats.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and malonaldehyde(MDA). RESULTS:Compared with the control rats,COPD rats had significant changes in lung resistance(R_L) and lung compliance(C_L)(both P<0.01),bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction(P<0.01),and levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-1β(P<0.01).There were no significant differences between the control and the sham groups.Compared with the COPD rats,the COPD plus EA rats had decreased R_L and increased C_L(both P<0.05),and reduced bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction(P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively),while levels of TNF-α,IL-1β, and MDA in BALF were lowered(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).However,TNF-αand IL-1βlevels of the EA group rats remained higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:EA at ST36 can reduce lung injury in a COPD rat model,and beneficial effects may be related to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines.The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects mav prolong the clinical benefit of EA.

Effects of pre-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) on heat shock protein 70 expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesions after neurotomy

Studies have shown that pre-moxibustion protects the gastric mucosa by up-regulating the expres- sion of heat shock protein 70. However, the signaling pathway underlying this effect remains unclear. Rats were intragastrically administered absolute alcohol, causing obvious lesion of the gastric mucosa. Following pre-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) for 8 days, the ulcer index decreased to different degrees. The results of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting showed significant upregulation of heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa and serum. None out of transection of the spinal cord, damage to the nucleus of the solitary tract, neurotomy of the vagal nerve and neurotomy of the common peroneal nerve affected the decrease in ulcer index or the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in serum after pre-moxibustion at Zusanli, and heat shock protein 70 expression was obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that pre-moxibustion at Zusanli can protect the gastric mucosa against lesioning, and that the mechanism underlying this effect involves its induction of heat shock protein 70 expression. Neural pathways participate in the regulatory effects of moxibustion on heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa.

基于“肚腹三里留”理论应用子午流注针法促进腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠功能恢复的疗效评价

目的:评价子午流注针法对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者胃肠功能恢复的疗效,同时论证“肚腹三里留”理论的指导作用。方法:本研究以“肚腹三里留”理论为指导,在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者以足三里为主穴应用子午流注针法进行择时针刺,通过比较分析两组患者术后首次排气、排便时间和肠鸣音恢复正常时间,血清炎性因子的变化,术后腹胀腹痛程度及恶心呕吐的发生情况,比较两组胃肠功能恢复情况,进一步论证“肚腹三里留”理论的指导作用及子午流注针法的临床疗效。结果:治疗组与对照组比较,患者首次排气时间、首次排便时间和肠鸣音恢复正常时间明显缩短,血清白介素-6、C反应蛋白水平明显降低,两组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者应用子午流注针法以足三里为主穴进行择时针刺能够促进患者胃肠功能恢复,进一步验证了“肚腹三里留”理论在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后仍具有指导意义。

坐骨神经胞外核苷酸酶在针刺缓解大鼠踝关节炎性痛中的作用

目的 探讨坐骨神经胞外核苷酸酶[CD39(NTPDase1)]在针刺缓解大鼠踝关节炎性痛中的作用。方法 将54只雄性大鼠随机分为9组,即空白组、踝关节炎性痛模型组、针刺组、坐骨神经腺苷三磷酸(ATP)水解酶抑制(ARL67156注射)+针刺组、坐骨神经CD39上调(三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶注射)组、坐骨神经CD39特异性抑制(噻氯匹啶注射)+针刺组、坐骨神经CD73特异性抑制(α,β-亚甲基腺苷5′-二磷酸钠盐注射)+针刺组、穴区CD39上调(三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶注射)组、穴区CD39特异性抑制(噻氯匹啶注射)+针刺组,每组6只。除空白组外,其余各组大鼠均采用注射完全弗氏佐剂建立佐剂性关节炎疼痛模型;造模48 h后,需针刺组大鼠针刺患侧“足三里”穴20 min,需注射药物组于针刺前20 min进行局部相关试剂注射。以大鼠患侧足底机械痛阈值和热痛阈值作为疼痛评价指标;采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)法和Western blot法检测坐骨神经以及“足三里”穴胞外核苷酸酶的表达。结果 (1)调节坐骨神经ATP水解酶活性:与空白组比较,踝关节炎性痛模型组和坐骨神经ATP水解酶抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05)。(2)调节坐骨神经CD39活性:与空白组比较,坐骨神经CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组和坐骨神经CD39上调组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05);与针刺组比较,坐骨神经CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05)。(3)调节穴区CD39活性:与空白组比较,穴区CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组和穴区CD39上调组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05);与针刺组比较,穴区CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05)。(4)调节坐骨神经CD73活性:与空白组比较,坐骨神经CD73特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05)。(5)针刺对坐骨神经以及穴区CD39表达的影响:Western blot法检测结果显示,与空白组比较,踝关节炎性痛模型组坐骨神经CD39的表达显著增加(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组CD39表达显著下调(P<0.05)。RT-qPCR法检测结果显示,与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组CD39 mRNA表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论 坐骨神经局部CD39参与了针刺缓解大鼠踝关节炎性痛的机制,这可能与CD73联合促进胞外ATP向腺苷转化有关。

PET imaging of brain function while puncturing the acupoint ST36

Objective To explore the experimental method of obtaining position emission tonogiaphy (PET) imaging evidence of changes in cerebral function by puncturing the Stomach 36 (ST36, Zusanli) acupoint.Methods Data on changes of cerebral glycometabolism were obtained from six healthy male volunteers with positron emission tomography. Visual experimental evidence, as well as statistical parametric mapping (SPM), was gathered while puncturing the ST36 (Zusanli, right leg) acupoint.Results There was increased glycometabolism in the hypothalamus, head of the caudate nucleus, temporal lobe, the sinistral cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and brain stem while the acupoint ST36 was being punctured. Conclusions Acupuncture on ST36 can lead to increase in glycometabolism in the vegetative nerve centers, which is correlated with gastric function. Visual experimental evidence of ST36 acupuncturing on functional gastrointestinal disorder was obtained in our study.

针刺足三里、内关穴对老年髋关节置换术后镇痛疗效及对血清炎症因子的影响

目的探讨针刺足三里、内关穴对老年髋关节置换术后镇痛疗效及对血清炎症因子的影响。方法选择196例行全髋关节置换术的老年患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字法平均分为观察组与对照组:对照组术后给予常规对症止痛及冰袋冷敷治疗,观察组术后6 h在对照组基础上给予足三里、内关穴针刺治疗。于术后6 h、24 h、48 h、72 h及第5天采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评价患者疼痛状态,于术后6 h、48 h及72 h评价术后胀气情况;于术后6 h、24 h、48 h及72 h检测血清炎症因子:前列腺素E2(Prostaglandin E2,PGE2)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α);于髋关节置换术前、术后72 h、出院时采用Harris髋关节评分标准评价髋关节功能。结果两组患者术后24 h VAS评分最高,随后逐渐降低(P<0.05);术后48 h观察组VAS评分降至术后6 h水平,而对照组仍高于术后6 h水平(P<0.05);术后24 h、48 h、72 h及第5天观察组VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后两组患者腹胀评分均逐渐降低(P<0.05);术后48 h、72 h观察组腹胀评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后肠鸣音出现及恢复正常时间、首次排气及排便时间均较对照组短(P<0.05)。两组患者术后24 h PGE2、IL-1β、TNF-α水平最高,术后72 h逐渐降低(P<0.05);术后5 d观察组PGE2、IL-1β、TNF-α水平降至术后6 h水平,而对照组仍高于术后6 h水平(P<0.05);术后24 h、72 h及第5天观察组PGE2、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后Harris髋关节评分均逐渐升高(P<0.05);术后72 h及出院时观察组Harris髋关节评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针刺足三里、内关穴可以更好地降低老年髋关节置换术后疼痛程度,缩短疼痛时间,同时更好地促进胃肠道功能恢复,其机制可能与降低PGE2、IL-1β、TNF-α等炎症因子相关。

内关穴和足三里穴位刺激对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术麻醉及术后胃肠功能的影响

目的 观察内关穴和足三里穴位刺激对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术麻醉及术后胃肠功能的影响。方法 以2021年1月—2022年6月医院进行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的患者126例作为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为两组,每组63例,对照组术后常规镇痛干预,观察组在对照组基础上进行内关穴和足三里穴位刺激,比较两组的麻醉术后恢复、胃肠功能及免疫功能情况和不良反应发生率,观察指标包括疼痛视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)、拉姆齐(Ramsay)镇静评分,胃肠反应分级,肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、进食流质饮食时间、排便时间,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD^(+)3、CD^(+)4、CD^(+)8)及自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK),不良反应。结果 术后24、48 h观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48 h观察组胃肠反应分级显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、进食流质饮食时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组均短于对照组。术后5 d两组CD^(+)3、CD^(+)4、NK水平均显著升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组CD^(+)8变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为9.53%,对照组不良反应发生率为14.29%,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 内关穴和足三里穴位刺激有利于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者麻醉及术后恢复,镇痛、镇静效果良好,胃肠功能恢复更快,提高患者免疫功能,利于术后康复。

剪切波弹性成像技术对低强度脉冲超声刺激足三里穴引起肌张力变化的评估

目的:应用剪切波弹性成像技术(SWE)评估低强度脉冲超声(LIPUS)刺激足三里穴位时肌张力的变化特点,初步探讨LIPUS刺激穴位的可行性,以期为LIPUS在外周神经调控研究中提供定量评估信息。方法:实验动物为16只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为胫骨前肌组和腓肠肌组各8只,应用LIPUS刺激大鼠足三里穴20 min,通过SWE连续监测胫骨前肌和腓肠肌的肌张力变化。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定刺激前后血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平变化。结果:胫骨前肌在LIPUS刺激足三里穴后3 min的剪切波速度和杨氏模量值均较刺激前显著升高(均P<0.05);腓肠肌在刺激足三里穴后13、14 min的剪切波速度和杨氏模量值均较刺激前显著升高(均P<0.001)。血清5-HT水平较刺激前显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:SWE可为评估LIPUS刺激足三里穴位引起的肌张力变化提供客观依据,为LIPUS的经穴效应的研究提供更多信息。

联合针刺梁丘穴和足三里穴与足三里穴和上巨虚穴的fMRI-BOLD对比研究

目的:探讨同一经络内2个相邻穴位针刺的联合效应,为针刺的中枢机制和经络学说提供一定证据。方法:50例健康志愿者随机分为2组,分别行右侧梁丘穴+足三里穴和足三里穴+上巨虚穴脉冲电针治疗仪针刺。采用区块设计模式行fMRI,分析针刺过程中的脑活动模式,并比较2组的差异。记录2组针刺感觉类型和强度,评估针刺感觉与脑活动的关系。结果:梁丘穴+足三里组和足三里穴+上巨虚穴组共同激活区集中在右侧额上回眶缘、左侧额下回盖部、左侧前扣带回和左侧眶前回,2组共同负激活区则集中在右侧缘上回、右侧尾状核、右侧壳核和左侧岛叶。梁丘穴+足三里穴组在左侧额下回盖部、左侧前扣带回等区域更活跃,而足三里穴+上巨虚穴组在右侧缘上回、左侧岛叶和左侧壳核等区域更活跃。结论:同一经络内2个相邻穴位的针刺刺激可产生协同效应,不同穴位组合对大脑活动的影响也有差异。这些结果可为针刺的中枢机制和经络学说提供一定证据,为针刺方案的设计提供参考。

Effect of grouped ST36 or RN12 on gastric motility and sensation

Objective: To investigate the effects of paired ST36 and RN12 acupuncture stimulation on gastric motility and the firing rate of responsible neurons in anesthetized rats.Methods: Using electrophysiological methods, we measured the effects of acupuncture at RN12, ST36, or RN12+ST36 on gastric motility as well as nerve discharges from the gastric sympathetic, vagal nerve, and wide dynamic range(WDR) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn T7-9 in anesthetized rats.Results: 1) Acupuncture at RN12 inhibited gastric motility(83.84±4.49)% and vagal nerve discharge(65.64±5.67)%, but promoted sympathetic nerve activity(243.70±40.67)%; acupuncture at ST36 induced opposing effects on gastric motility(111.31±2.01)% and vagal nerve discharge(166.98±15.92)%. Interestingly, acupuncture at RN12+ST36 together yielded effects similar to that of acupuncture at RN12 alone(93.59±2.05)%,(54.52±7.12)%. 2) WDR neuron discharges induced by gastric distension were inhibited by acupuncture at RN12(194.56 ±18.79)%. However, acupuncture at ST36 induced a more significant inhibitory effect.Conclusion: Acupuncture at RN12 inhibits gastric motility by activation of the sympathetic reflex at the spinal level; acupuncture at ST36 promotes gastric motility by activation of the parasympathetic reflex at the supraspinal level, and acupuncture at RN12+ST36 produces a similar decrease in gastric motility as RN12 stimulation alone. Both acupoints decrease the effect of noxious gastric distention on WDR neuron activity, but paired RN12+ST36 stimulation does not significantly affect WDR neuron discharge.

Electroacupuncture at Feishu(BL13) and Zusanli(ST36) down-regulates the expression of orexins and their receptors in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE: Infl ammation and lung function decline are the main pathophysiological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Acupuncture can improve lung function in patients with COPD, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Orexins(OXs), which are found in peripheral plasma, are neuropeptides that regulate respiration and their levels are related to COPD. Therefore, we hypothesized that acupuncture might alter OXs, reduce lung infl ammation and improve lung function in COPD.METHODS: COPD was induced in rats by exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks and injecting with lipopolysaccharide twice. Electroacupuncture(EA) was performed at Feishu(BL13) and Zusanli(ST36) for 30 min/d for 2 weeks. Rat lung function and morphology were assessed after EA. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid(BALF) and orexin A and B levels in the lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OX receptor mRNA levels and immunopositive cells were assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods, respectively. The relationships among lung function, cell factors, and OX levels were analyzed by Pearson correlation analyses.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, lung function was signifi cantly decreased in the rats with COPD(P<0.05). There were obvious increases in TNF-α and IL-1β levels in BALF(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), orexin A level in lung tissue(P<0.01; but not orexin B) and mRNA expressions of OX 1 type receptor(OXR1) and OX 2 type receptor(OXR2) in lung tissue(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively); the integrative optical densities(IODs) of both receptors were greater in the COPD group(P<0.05). For rats with COPD subjected to EA, lung function was improved(P<0.05). There were notable decreases in TNF-α and IL-1β levels(P<0.05 and <0.01, respectively) in BALF. Orexin A, but not orexin B, levels in lung tissue also decreased(P<0.01), as did mRNA expression of OX1 R and OX2 R in lung tissue(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Receptor IODs were also reduced after EA treatment(P<0.05). Furthermore, orexin A levels and ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s to forced vital capacity were strongly negatively correlated(P<0.01), and orexin A was positively correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β(P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: EA at Zusanli and Feishu improved lung function of rats with COPD and had an anti-infl ammatory effect, which may be related to down-regulation of OXA and its receptors.

Effect of electroacupuncture at different acupoints in treating rapid gastric emptying:Zusanli(ST36)plus Zhongwan(CV12)versus Zhongwan(CV12)alone

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on rapid gastric emptying by comparing the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)(He-Mu acupoints)versus electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV12)alone.METHODS:Sixty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups;33 patients in the He-Mu acupoints group received electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12),while 32 patients in the single acupoint group received electroacupuncture only at Zhongwan(CV12).Both groups were treated once daily for 30 min,five times per week for 3 weeks.Before and after the 3-week treatment course,patients underwent gastric emptying scintigraphy and were assessed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)symptom scale of gastrointestinal diseases.The two groups were compared regarding the percentages of gastric retention at 30 and 60 min and the TCM symptom scores.RESULTS:After the treatment course,the percentages of gastric retention at 30 and 60 min were significantly improved in both groups compared with the pre-treatment values(P<0.01).The improvement in the gastric retention was significantly better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group at 30 min(P<0.01)and 60 min(P<0.05).The TCM symptom score was significantly decreased after the treatment course in both groups(P<0.01).The improvement in the TCM symptom score was significantly better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group(P<0.01).The total effective rate was 93.55%(29/31)in the He-Mu acupoints group and 77.42%(24/31)in the single acupoint group.The treatment effect was better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)or at Zhongwan(CV12)alone is effective in treating rapid gastric emptying.Furthermore,electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)is more effective than electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV12)alone.

针刺内关和足三里双穴位对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后的血管重塑作用

目的研究针刺内关和足三里对心肌缺血再灌注损伤后的血管重塑作用。方法将SPF级雄性SD大鼠分为空白组(10只)、MIRI组(10只)、内关组(10只)、足三里组(10只)以及内关+足三里组(10只)。对大鼠进行心肌缺血再灌注(MIRI)处理从而构建MIRI动物模型。穴取双侧内关、足三里以及内关+足三里,疏密波,频率2 Hz。关胸后第2天进行电针治疗,每日1次,共14 d。超声心动图(ECG)检查各组大鼠左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室内径缩短率(LVFS)。TTC染色检测各组大鼠心肌梗死面积。免疫荧光法(IF)检测各组大鼠心肌组织中α-SMA和CD31蛋白共表达情况。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)分别检测各组大鼠心肌组织中VEGFA、α-SMA,CD31和p-eNOS蛋白表达水平变化。结果与空白组比较,MIRI模型组大鼠LVEF和LVFS参数显著降低(P<0.0001)。针刺内关或足三里穴位的大鼠LVEF和LVFS参数较未进行针刺的MIRI大鼠显著升高(P<0.0001)。针刺内关和足三里双穴位的大鼠LVEF和LVFS参数相比MIRI模型组(P<0.0001)以及针刺单穴位组(P<0.01)均有显著升高。MIRI组的梗死面积显著高于空白组(P<0.0001)。单独针刺内关穴(P<0.001)和足三里穴(P<0.01)能显著缩小梗死面积,而针刺内关穴和足三里双穴位相比针刺单个穴位能更有效缩小梗死面积(P<0.05,P<0.001)。与空白组比较,MIRI组大鼠心肌组织中α-SMA和CD31表达阳性显著减弱。相较MIRI组,单独针刺内关或足三里穴位组的大鼠心肌组织中α-SMA和CD31表达阳性增强,而针刺内关和足三里双穴位组的表达阳性强于MIRI对照组以及针刺单穴位组。MIRI组的α-SMA、CD31、VEGFA和p-eNOS蛋白表达水平相对空白组显著降低(P<0.0001)。单独针刺内关或足三里穴位组的大鼠心肌组织中VEGFA(P<0.001,P<0.0001)、α-SMA(P<0.0001)、CD31(P<0.0001)和p-eNOS(P<0.0001)表达增强,而针刺内关和足三里双穴位组表达升高更为显著(P<0.0001)。结论针刺内关和足三里双穴位对心肌缺血再灌注损伤后心血管重塑效果更佳。

电针足三里对失血性休克合并海水浸泡损伤大鼠的作用研究

目的研究电针足三里对失血性休克(hemorrhagic shock,HS)合并海水浸泡损伤后延迟静脉补液大鼠的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、心率(heart rate,HR)、乳酸(lactate,LAC)及腹腔脏器血流量的影响。方法选取84只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为HS+海水浸泡+延迟静脉补液组(对照组)和HS+海水浸泡+电针足三里+延迟静脉补液组(电针组)。大鼠经右侧颈总动脉快速放血,失血量为全身血容量的45%。失血后立即将剑突以下0.5 cm的身体浸泡在(23±1)℃人工海水中30 min。海水浸泡后2 h,回输全部失血及2倍失血量的乳酸林格氏液。电针组于浸泡后0.5 h电针双侧足三里,对照组仅进行固定。监测失血前(基线)、浸泡后即刻、浸泡后2 h、浸泡后5 h和浸泡后24 h的MAP、HR、LAC和腹腔脏器血流量的变化。结果浸泡后即刻,两组大鼠MAP及HR均显著低于失血前(P<0.01);浸泡后2 h,电针组的MAP及HR显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。浸泡后即刻两组大鼠的LAC水平较失血前显著升高(P<0.01);浸泡后5 h,电针组LAC显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组大鼠海水浸泡后肾、肝及小肠黏膜血流量比失血前均显著降低(P<0.01)。浸泡后2 h,电针组肾、肝及小肠黏膜血流量较对照组明显改善(P<0.01);浸泡后5 h,电针组肝脏及小肠黏膜血流量仍然显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针足三里能显著提高失血性休克海水浸泡损伤动物的MAP和HR,降低血LAC水平,改善腹腔脏器血流量,具有一定的抗海战伤休克作用。

电针预处理对脓毒症小鼠肠黏膜屏障功能保护作用及MLCK/MLC信号通路的调节作用

目的观察电针足三里穴预处理对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的脓毒症小鼠肠黏膜功能损伤的保护作用及其机制研究。方法将40只美国癌症研究所(Institute of Cancer Research,ICR)小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组和非经非穴组,电针组小鼠选取足三里穴予以电针预处理,每日1次,每次30 min,持续5 d;第5天时采用腹腔注射LPS构建脓毒症肠黏膜损伤小鼠模型。通过苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色法观察小鼠回肠组织病理学改变并评分;采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测小鼠血清中C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)和结肠组织中白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达水平;蛋白印迹(Western blot,WB)法测定结肠组织中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和闭合蛋白(occludin)表达的水平;免疫荧光法检测胞质紧密粘连蛋白-1(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)和连接蛋白-5(claudin-5)在回肠组织的表达水平;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测肌球蛋白轻链激酶(myosin light chain kinase,MLCK)、肌球蛋白轻链(myosin light chain,MLC)、ZO-1、claudin-5、occludin在结肠组织中的含量。结果电针组中因LPS引起细胞排列紊乱与缺失、结构破坏、腺体变形等病理损伤均有改善,电针组小鼠回肠组织病理评分明显低于模型组(P<0.05),电针组小鼠结肠组织中IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α的含量低于模型组(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,电针组小鼠血清中CRP和PCT含量较低(P<0.05),小鼠结肠组织中occludin蛋白、occludin mRNA、claudin-5 mRNA、ZO-1 mRNA的相对表达量较高(P<0.05),小鼠结肠组织中MLCK和MLC mRNA相对表达量较低(P<0.05)。结论电针足三里预处理可通过抑制炎症反应和MLCK/MLC信号通路上调紧密连接蛋白的表达,发挥对LPS诱导的脓毒症肠黏膜屏障功能损伤的保护作用。

电针缓解癌痛患者阿片耐受的临床观察

目的观察电针缓解癌痛患者阿片耐受的临床疗效。方法将60例癌痛患者随机分为电针组和对照组,每组30例。两组均使用阿片类药物进行镇痛治疗,电针组取双侧内关和足三里穴进行电针治疗,对照组取双侧内关和足三里穴旁开15 mm处非穴位点进行电针治疗。观察两组阿片耐受指数、爆发痛的次数和疼痛缓解持续时间,比较两组治疗前后数字等级评定量表(numeric rating scale,NRS)和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量核心量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire-C30,EORTC QLQ-C30)评分变化,并比较两组不良反应发生率。结果电针组阿片耐受指数低于对照组(P<0.05),爆发痛次数低于对照组(P<0.05),疼痛缓解持续时间长于对照组(P<0.05)。电针组治疗后情绪、躯体、认知和社会功能及总体健康评分高于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05);电针组治疗后疲倦、恶心呕吐、疼痛、气促、失眠、食欲丧失和便秘评分低于治疗前和对照组(P<0.05)。电针组恶心呕吐和便秘的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针可减少癌痛患者镇痛治疗期间阿片耐受的发生,减轻疼痛,提高生活质量。

针刺足三里通过调控ROCK1/AKT信号通路防治脓毒症致肌萎缩的作用机制

目的探讨针刺足三里通过Rho相关卷曲螺旋形成蛋白激酶1(ROCK1)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路防治脓毒症后肌萎缩的作用及机制。方法8周龄SPF级雄性小鼠45只,随机分为3组,分别为对照(Sham)组、脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)组、针刺(LPS+acupuncture)组,其中LPS组和针刺组分别给予腹腔注射LPS诱导脓毒症模型,对照组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。苏木素-依红染色法检测小鼠肌肉组织结构变化;酶联免疫吸附剂测定法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定促炎因子白细胞介素1β(Interleukin1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素(Interleukin 6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α),抗炎因子白细胞介素10(Interleukin 10,IL-10)、转化生长因子-β(Transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β),以及骨骼肌损伤相关指标肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,MYO)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme,CK-MB)的变化;实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR,RT-PCR)检测小鼠肌肉分解相关指标半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(Caspase-3)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-8(Caspase-8)相关基因mRNA的表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)法检测小鼠肌肉组织中ROCK1、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)的表达。结果与对照组相比,LPS组小鼠肌肉组织纤维可见出现断裂、坏死,促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均呈显著上升(P<0.01),抗炎因子IL-10、TGF-β水平均呈显著降低(P<0.01),骨骼肌损伤相关指标MYO、CK-MB的水平均显著升高(P<0.01),Caspase-3、Caspase-8 mRNA水平均显著升高(P<0.01),p-AKT和ROCK1蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01);与LPS组小鼠相比,针刺组小鼠肌肉结构相对完整,促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均呈显著降低(P<0.01),抗炎因子IL-10、TGF-β水平均呈显著升高(P<0.01),MYO、CK-MB的水平显著降低(P<0.01),Caspase-3、Caspase-8的mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.01),p-AKT和ROCK1的蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论针刺足三里可以有效地防治脓毒症肌萎缩,其作用机制可能是通过ROCK1/AKT信号通路来实现。

柴胡疏肝散联合足三里针刺对急性胰腺炎患者血清炎症及免疫指标的影响

目的观察柴胡疏肝散联合足三里针刺对急性胰腺炎患者血清炎症及免疫指标的影响。方法将80例急性胰腺炎肝郁气滞证患者随机分为治疗组、对照组,每组40例。对照组给予内科综合治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用柴胡疏肝散口服以及足三里针刺,中医特色疗法疗程为5 d。观察治疗前、治疗后(即治疗5 d后,下同)两组患者血淀粉酶、脂肪酶、炎症指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞百分比(NE%)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)]、免疫指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))水平的变化情况。结果①治疗前后组内比较,两组血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶水平降低(P<0.05);组间治疗后比较,治疗组血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。②治疗前后组内比较,两组血清TNF-α、WBC计数、NE%、CRP、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β水平降低(P<0.05);组间治疗后比较,治疗组血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-8、IL-1β水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。③治疗前后组内比较,两组血清CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)值升高(P<0.05);组间治疗后比较,治疗组血清CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。④试验期间,两组患者均未见明显不良反应,安全性良好。结论与单纯采用内科综合治疗相比,加用柴胡疏肝散口服以及足三里针刺治疗急性胰腺炎能更好地减轻机体炎症反应、调节免疫状态,从而促进疾病康复。