乳腺癌是全球三大最常见癌症之一,也是女性有关癌症死亡的主要原因。由于公众的密切关注对乳腺癌的识别和筛查产生了积极影响,治疗上也取得了长足进展,避免过度治疗和治疗不足已成为一个焦点,治疗方法需要在多学科背景下确定,同时还要...乳腺癌是全球三大最常见癌症之一,也是女性有关癌症死亡的主要原因。由于公众的密切关注对乳腺癌的识别和筛查产生了积极影响,治疗上也取得了长足进展,避免过度治疗和治疗不足已成为一个焦点,治疗方法需要在多学科背景下确定,同时还要考虑分子亚型和局部肿瘤负荷。近年来,信号传导及转录激活蛋白(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)在肿瘤中的应用受到了广泛关注,它们参与肿瘤的发生发展,包括细胞增殖和凋亡、细胞周期进展、血管生成、肿瘤细胞的转移以及免疫逃逸等过程。STAT1可能与肿瘤的侵袭性生物学行为相关[1],在不同肿瘤或者同种肿瘤的不同阶段具有差异性表达,推测肿瘤细胞会根据特定的遗传背景选择性激活或抑制STAT1的表达[2]。本文对STAT1在乳腺癌中主要的促癌和抑癌功能及其机制进行概述。展开更多
Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE^(-/-)mice.However,little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classica...Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE^(-/-)mice.However,little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classically activated macrophage(M1)polarization.In this study,we established THP-1-derived testing state macrophages(M0),M1 macrophages,and alternately activated macrophages(M2).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes and the expression of lnc_000048 in macrophages.Flow cytometry was used to detect phenotypic proteins(CD11b,CD38,CD80).We generated cell lines with lentivirus-mediated upregulation or downregulation of lnc_000048.Flow cytometry,western blot,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that down-regulation of lnc_000048 reduced M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammation response,while over-expression of lnc_000048 led to the opposite effect.Western blot results indicated that lnc_000048 enhanced the activation of the STAT1 pathway and mediated the M1 macrophage polarization.Moreover,catRAPID prediction,RNA-pull down,and mass spectrometry were used to identify and screen the protein kinase RNA-activated(PKR),then catRAPID and RPIseq were used to predict the binding ability of lnc_000048 to PKR.Immunofluorescence(IF)-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)double labeling was performed to verify the subcellular colocalization of lnc_000048 and PKR in the cytoplasm of M1 macrophage.We speculate that lnc_000048 may form stem-loop structure-specific binding and activate PKR by inducing its phosphorylation,leading to activation of STAT1 phosphorylation and thereby enhancing STAT1 pathway-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 and inflammatory factor expression.Taken together,these results reveal that the lnc_000048/PKR/STAT1 axis plays a crucial role in the polarization of M1 macrophages and may be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis alleviation in stroke.展开更多
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family member 14(PARP14),which is an intracellular mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase,has been reported to promote post-stroke functional recovery,but its role in spinal cord injury(SCI)remains un...Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family member 14(PARP14),which is an intracellular mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase,has been reported to promote post-stroke functional recovery,but its role in spinal cord injury(SCI)remains unclear.To investigate this,a T10 spinal cord contusion model was established in C57BL/6 mice,and immediately after the injury PARP14 shRNA-carrying lentivirus was injected 1 mm from the injury site to silence PARP14 expression.We found that PARP14 was up-regulated in the injured spinal cord and that lentivirus-mediated downregulation of PARP14 aggravated functional impairment after injury,accompanied by obvious neuronal apoptosis,severe neuroinflammation,and slight bone loss.Furthermore,PARP14 levels were elevated in microglia after SCI,PARP14 knockdown activated microglia in the spinal cord and promoted a shift from M2-polarized microglia(anti-inflammatory phenotype)to M1-polarized microglia(pro-inflammatory phenotype)that may have been mediated by the signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)1/6 pathway.Next,microglia M1 and M2 polarization were induced in vitro using lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γand interleukin-4,respectively.The results showed that PARP14 knockdown promoted microglia M1 polarization,accompanied by activation of the STAT1 pathway.In addition,PARP14 overexpression made microglia more prone to M2 polarization and further activated the STAT6 pathway.In conclusion,these findings suggest that PARP14 may improve functional recovery after SCI by regulating the phenotypic transformation of microglia via the STAT1/6 pathway.展开更多
目的:研究信号转导和转录激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)对癌症相关生长抑制特异性基因6(growth arrest specific 6,Gas6)的影响及其机制。方法:应用数据库预测乳腺癌的基因聚类分析结果,并预测G...目的:研究信号转导和转录激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)对癌症相关生长抑制特异性基因6(growth arrest specific 6,Gas6)的影响及其机制。方法:应用数据库预测乳腺癌的基因聚类分析结果,并预测Gas6与STAT1在多种癌症中的相关性;通过染色质免疫沉淀(chromatin immunoprecipitation,ChIP)实验检测STAT1是否可与Gas6启动子结合,应用数据库预测STAT1在Gas6启动子上的结合位点并突变其关键碱基,通过双萤光素酶报告基因实验检测结合位点突变对Gas6启动子活性的影响,同时分别检测敲低或过表达STAT1对Gas6启动子和突变的Gas6启动子活性的影响;通过实时荧光定量PCR技术和蛋白质免疫印迹技术分别检测敲低或过表达STAT1对Gas6 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果:Gas6基因在乳腺癌中高表达;Gas6与STAT1在多种癌症中有正相关趋势;Gas6启动子序列包含STAT1的结合位点,并且有调控Gas6启动子活性的功能性结合位点。转录因子STAT1可在转录水平对癌症相关基因Gas6进行正向调控。结论:癌症相关基因Gas6是转录因子STAT1的直接靶基因。展开更多
目的·探索RBX1(ring-box protein 1)在葡萄膜黑色素瘤(uveal melanoma,UVM)肿瘤细胞中对免疫相关基因的调控作用。方法·通过检索癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库分析RBX1在肿瘤中的表达水平以及与临床分...目的·探索RBX1(ring-box protein 1)在葡萄膜黑色素瘤(uveal melanoma,UVM)肿瘤细胞中对免疫相关基因的调控作用。方法·通过检索癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库分析RBX1在肿瘤中的表达水平以及与临床分期、生存预后的相关性。使用靶向RBX1的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)分别在UVM细胞系92.1、OMM2.3和MEL290中瞬时敲低RBX1,并对瞬时敲低RBX1的92.1细胞进行转录组测序,分析si RBX1转染细胞与对照细胞的差异表达基因,并采用基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)对差异基因进行分析,探究RBX1与肿瘤免疫相关基因的关系。在分析结果的基础上,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)分别检测瞬时敲低RBX1的92.1、OMM2.3和MEL290细胞系中信号转导与转录激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)及其下游的CXC趋化因子配体9(C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9,CXCL9)和CXCL10的mRNA表达水平,并通过Western blotting检测92.1细胞中STAT1及p-STAT1蛋白表达水平。在瞬时敲低RBX1的细胞系OMM2.3和MEL290中,分别加入5 nmol/L或10 nmol/L的STAT1抑制剂fludarabine,处理48 h后通过qPCR检测CXCL9和CXCL10的mRNA表达水平。结果·TCGA数据库分析表明:与正常组织相比,RBX1在多种肿瘤中高表达,在肾上腺皮质癌和UVM中显著高表达;且这2种肿瘤分期晚的患者,RBX1表达水平更高,同时RBX1表达水平高的患者的总生存期更短(均P<0.05)。对瞬时敲低RBX1的92.1细胞和对照细胞进行转录组测序,获得差异基因,并且GSEA结果显示,RBX1参与调控肿瘤免疫相关通路。热图分析显示RBX1敲低后STAT1表达水平上升。在92.1、OMM2.3和MEL290细胞系中,qPCR结果显示RBX1敲低后STAT1、CXCL9和CXCL10的mRNA表达水平上升,Western blotting结果显示在92.1细胞系中敲低RBX1后STAT1及p-STAT1表达水平上升。加入STAT1抑制剂后,OMM2.3和MEL290细胞系中的CXCL9和CXCL10 mRNA上调表达被抑制。结论·RBX1在UVM细胞中可能通过STAT1调控CXCL9和CXCL10的表达,参与肿瘤免疫调控。展开更多
文摘乳腺癌是全球三大最常见癌症之一,也是女性有关癌症死亡的主要原因。由于公众的密切关注对乳腺癌的识别和筛查产生了积极影响,治疗上也取得了长足进展,避免过度治疗和治疗不足已成为一个焦点,治疗方法需要在多学科背景下确定,同时还要考虑分子亚型和局部肿瘤负荷。近年来,信号传导及转录激活蛋白(signal transduction and activator of transcription,STAT)在肿瘤中的应用受到了广泛关注,它们参与肿瘤的发生发展,包括细胞增殖和凋亡、细胞周期进展、血管生成、肿瘤细胞的转移以及免疫逃逸等过程。STAT1可能与肿瘤的侵袭性生物学行为相关[1],在不同肿瘤或者同种肿瘤的不同阶段具有差异性表达,推测肿瘤细胞会根据特定的遗传背景选择性激活或抑制STAT1的表达[2]。本文对STAT1在乳腺癌中主要的促癌和抑癌功能及其机制进行概述。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2020MH138(to XZ).
文摘Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE^(-/-)mice.However,little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classically activated macrophage(M1)polarization.In this study,we established THP-1-derived testing state macrophages(M0),M1 macrophages,and alternately activated macrophages(M2).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes and the expression of lnc_000048 in macrophages.Flow cytometry was used to detect phenotypic proteins(CD11b,CD38,CD80).We generated cell lines with lentivirus-mediated upregulation or downregulation of lnc_000048.Flow cytometry,western blot,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that down-regulation of lnc_000048 reduced M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammation response,while over-expression of lnc_000048 led to the opposite effect.Western blot results indicated that lnc_000048 enhanced the activation of the STAT1 pathway and mediated the M1 macrophage polarization.Moreover,catRAPID prediction,RNA-pull down,and mass spectrometry were used to identify and screen the protein kinase RNA-activated(PKR),then catRAPID and RPIseq were used to predict the binding ability of lnc_000048 to PKR.Immunofluorescence(IF)-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)double labeling was performed to verify the subcellular colocalization of lnc_000048 and PKR in the cytoplasm of M1 macrophage.We speculate that lnc_000048 may form stem-loop structure-specific binding and activate PKR by inducing its phosphorylation,leading to activation of STAT1 phosphorylation and thereby enhancing STAT1 pathway-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 and inflammatory factor expression.Taken together,these results reveal that the lnc_000048/PKR/STAT1 axis plays a crucial role in the polarization of M1 macrophages and may be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis alleviation in stroke.
基金supported by the Shenyang Science and Technology Project,No.20-205-4-092(to AHX)。
文摘Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family member 14(PARP14),which is an intracellular mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase,has been reported to promote post-stroke functional recovery,but its role in spinal cord injury(SCI)remains unclear.To investigate this,a T10 spinal cord contusion model was established in C57BL/6 mice,and immediately after the injury PARP14 shRNA-carrying lentivirus was injected 1 mm from the injury site to silence PARP14 expression.We found that PARP14 was up-regulated in the injured spinal cord and that lentivirus-mediated downregulation of PARP14 aggravated functional impairment after injury,accompanied by obvious neuronal apoptosis,severe neuroinflammation,and slight bone loss.Furthermore,PARP14 levels were elevated in microglia after SCI,PARP14 knockdown activated microglia in the spinal cord and promoted a shift from M2-polarized microglia(anti-inflammatory phenotype)to M1-polarized microglia(pro-inflammatory phenotype)that may have been mediated by the signal transducers and activators of transcription(STAT)1/6 pathway.Next,microglia M1 and M2 polarization were induced in vitro using lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γand interleukin-4,respectively.The results showed that PARP14 knockdown promoted microglia M1 polarization,accompanied by activation of the STAT1 pathway.In addition,PARP14 overexpression made microglia more prone to M2 polarization and further activated the STAT6 pathway.In conclusion,these findings suggest that PARP14 may improve functional recovery after SCI by regulating the phenotypic transformation of microglia via the STAT1/6 pathway.
文摘目的:研究信号转导和转录激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)对癌症相关生长抑制特异性基因6(growth arrest specific 6,Gas6)的影响及其机制。方法:应用数据库预测乳腺癌的基因聚类分析结果,并预测Gas6与STAT1在多种癌症中的相关性;通过染色质免疫沉淀(chromatin immunoprecipitation,ChIP)实验检测STAT1是否可与Gas6启动子结合,应用数据库预测STAT1在Gas6启动子上的结合位点并突变其关键碱基,通过双萤光素酶报告基因实验检测结合位点突变对Gas6启动子活性的影响,同时分别检测敲低或过表达STAT1对Gas6启动子和突变的Gas6启动子活性的影响;通过实时荧光定量PCR技术和蛋白质免疫印迹技术分别检测敲低或过表达STAT1对Gas6 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果:Gas6基因在乳腺癌中高表达;Gas6与STAT1在多种癌症中有正相关趋势;Gas6启动子序列包含STAT1的结合位点,并且有调控Gas6启动子活性的功能性结合位点。转录因子STAT1可在转录水平对癌症相关基因Gas6进行正向调控。结论:癌症相关基因Gas6是转录因子STAT1的直接靶基因。
