State-building Process from the View of ationalism:A Case Study on Postcolonial Arab Countries

The method of state-building is based on particular ideologies and political philosophies,which means that different countries have different concepts of state-building.Among these concepts,nationalism is most closely related to state-building and plays an important part in the shaping of political frameworks especially in the Third World,including Arab countries.This article contends that nationalism in the postcolonial Arab countries demands in state-building strong populism,radical deinstitutionalization,direct democracy and charismatic leadership,but finally is converted to authoritarianism because of the unsustainability of these demands,which are both the logical result of self evolvement of nationalism and the inner quest of social development of Arab countries.As time goes by,whether Arab countries tend to accept totalitarian or democracy in state-building depends on the combination of nationalism with certain ideologies in the future.Among them,only civic nationalism can keep the political process in the right direction.

Demythologizing Politicized Myths： A New Interpretation of the Seven Gentlemen Incident

This article investigates a political event in modern China that has received relatively little attention in the West. The Seven Gentlemen Incident occurred in the midst of the national crisis of Japanese aggression, when an independent patriotic movement led by seven Shanghai intellectuals organized the National Salvation Association and urged Chiang Kai-shek to fight the Japanese invaders. The Chiang regime, however, arrested the seven and accused them of plotting to overthrow the government. They were released only after Japan launched a full-scale attack on China in July 1937. Scholars have offered varying images of the incident. While the Seven Gentlemen were denounced as criminals by the Nationalists in Chinese Taiwan, they were respected as national heroes in Chinese mainland. Myths with conflicting viewpoints have been created. What were the life and career backgrounds of these people？ Were they petty-bourgeoisie, as some mainlanders assume？ Were the seven figures, as mainland Chinese claim, motivated under communist leadership to organize their association？ What were their relations with the Nationalist regime and the Communist Party？ This article endeavors to answer these questions based on new primary documents in particular archival material and offers new perspectives on this fascinating episode of modern China.

Palestinian Refugees in Arab Countries and Their Impacts

Apart from West Bank and Gaza Strip,it is the Arab countries that most Palestinian refugees seek shelter in.These Palestinian refugees not only live a hard life,but also are put into an awkward situation.The denial of Palestinian refugees’right of return from the Israeli government,the economic weakness of Palestine and interest consideration of Arab countries contributed to the suspense of the solution to the Palestinian refugee problem.The presence and continuation of the problem have great impacts on the nation and state-building of Palestine and those Arab countries sheltering the Palestinian refugees.The final solution depends on the support from Arab countries.