Influence of Meta-stereotype on Well-being and Authenticity

In order to explore the influence of the degree of impression on the subjective well-being and truthfulness,the present situation paradigm was used to investigate the difference between the truthfulness and the sense of well-being of the introverted individuals with negative meta-stereotype in the neutral social context.According to the data from the self-designed questionnaire survey,introvert workers/university students were divided into two groups:the high negative group and the low negative group,and their subjective well-being and authenticity were measured by the corresponding version of the questionnaire.The results showed that introverted individuals with high negative meta-stereotype had lower subjective well-being and authenticity than those with low negative meta-stereotype in neutral social situations,and their identity and gender had no effect on subjective well-being and authenticity.Conclusion:The subjective well-being and authenticity of introverted individuals with more negative meta-stereotype are lower.

Challenging and Reducing Cultural Stereotypes

Anyplace where differences are found leaves room for stereotypes.Each of us hears or makes stereotypical comments every day,and although sometimes it is necessary to make stereotypes in foreign language teaching and learning,we should always be aware of the negative effects of stereotyping people from other cultures when we use them to interpret behavior.This paper defines stereotypes,discusses how they impede communication and then focuses on some ways to challenge and reduce stereotypes in cross-cultural communication.

Helping North Americans Overcome Stereotypes About Chinese Culture:Making Stereotype Become Tolerance of Diversity

Nowadays,intercultural communication is no longer an option,but a necessity.However,stereotypes might impact intercultural communication.Therefore,it' s of significance to overcome stereotypes.This study is designed to find out how some North Americans are stereotyped toward Chinese and help them overcome their stereotypes and help Chinese people understand themselves thus make the communication between these two parts easier.

有序分类数据的stereotype模型分析方法

用累积比数模型分析有序数据是有效的,但也存在两方面的问题:其一,数据模型在'有序'的表现上是模糊的;其二,无法对各相邻的类之间作显著性检验。但对这两方面的讨论有时是需要的,比较常见的问题是想要了解在解释变量 X 的作用下,反应变量 Y 在不同相邻类中的变化情况,即所谓的'关节点'问题,如冠心病研究。

A Case Study on Chinese Stereotypes about North American Culture

This paper is a case study on three negative stereotypes that Chinese have about North American culture on the basis of the theory of Kluckhohn' s Value System,Hofstede' s Value Dimensions and Edward T.Hall' s Model.This study is a qualitative study which is mainly based on analyzing.Then some good ways are provided to help Chinese people overcome some negative stereotypes about North American culture so that they can have a more accurate understanding on American people and American culture and communicate with Americans with less obstacles.

How do Teachers Design a Class about Stereotypes?——An Analysis of a Lesson Plan

Due to the development of international trade,an increasing number of Africans immigrated to Guangzhou in China.At the same time,most Chinese locals’impressions of Africans come from media,friends and family,which could result in stereotyped stories(Byram,1997,p.36).Under this circumstance,the paper designs and analyzes a lesson plan which aims at challenging university students’stereotypes of the Africans in Guangzhou.Through the analysis,some suggestions are proposed to facilitate the conduct of the similar culture class and the limitations are outlined.

The “Prototype and Stereotype” Theory in Lexical Semantics Teaching Methodology

Cognitive linguistics studies the relationship between language and cognition,which claims that semantics structures reflect the mental categories which people have formed their experiences of growing up and acting in the world.The lexical and semantics combined together to be the foundations of language which makes into people' s communication.As the main branch of cognition,the prototype and stereotype theory have a close relationship to the lexical semantics.Thus,it is essential and useful to make a research on the lexical semantics under the influence of the "prototype and stereotype theory" and it will help a lot in teaching methodology.

Gendered Stereotype under White Patriarchy in American Animation How to Train Your Dragon

American animation How to Train Your Dragon 1 & 2, loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell, produced by American Dreamworks Animation, were released separately in 2010 and 2014. Those two animated films are set in a fictional Viking world and focusing on the experiences and adventures of protagonist Hiccup. Even though these two films are concerned with dragons, this paper discusses about the gendered stereotype under white patriarchy from the perspective of Foucault's power discourse theory. It mainly studies gendered stereotype and white patriarchal construction, revealing that the American animation, based on mass deception, is an evil machine to lead Chinese audiences to experience a complicated process to struggle with their own beliefs, values, ideas and hope.

Stereotypes in Genders Construction

The observation of girls and boys study in college for many years elicits there is a key to construct students' gender which affect their study and job choosing after graduation. In order to make teaching more effective and efficient, understanding what constructs genders becomes necessary for designing the curriculum. Some literatures tell that gender stereotypes exist ineradicably in our society. The gender stereotypes construct children's gender through their parents, mass media and their peer groups.The stereotypes believe boys wear blue and girls wear pink; boys always choose astronaut, lawyer, dentist as their job and girls prefer to be a nurse or a teacher. Gender stereotypes occur some negative phenomenon such as sex discrimination, restriction on personality development, and inefficient cooperation between male and female in our society. Educators should show a correct direction to students in their gender construction. There are 4 teaching approaches introduced to educator in the essay to reduce the influence of gender stereotypes on students. They are"access and equity""valuing girls' and boys' skills and experiences""acknowledging differences among girls and boys", and"challenging and critically examining the social structures". Students can understand themselves objectively and clearly, shape their personality positively, and develop their interests appropriately through the approaches in education.

Ordinal Outcome Modeling: The Application of the Adaptive Moment Estimation Optimizer to the Elastic Net Penalized Stereotype Logit

Penalized ordinal outcome models were developed to model high dimensional data with ordinal outcomes. One option is the penalized stereotype logit, which includes nonlinear combinations of parameter estimates. Optimization algorithms assuming linearity and function convexity were applied to fit this model. In this study the application of the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer, suited for nonlinear optimization, to the elastic net penalized stereotype logit model is proposed. The proposed model is compared to the L1 penalized ordinalgmifs stereotype model. Both methods were applied to simulated and real data, with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cancer subtypes as the outcome, with results presented and discussed.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Eightpart essay writing is a comprehensive strong style, its four topics from the fi ve classics, and its basic form is gradually formed in the evolution of the core imperial examination in China. Review especially on origin, teachers not only with the righteousness that try post poems strategy is so far producing precious examination style also with basic prose. Although some scholars also mentioned as this period literature genre that presents regional features mainly by the local cultural history environment, family relations, economic basis and other factors, but ignores the literature community in the form of the regional literature genre has played important role in the general process. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel ideals on the corresponding issues that will help understand and analyzes the characteristics of stereotyped writing more.

A Study of International Chinese Language Teachers’Stereotypes of International Students

Teachers’stereotypes of students affect teaching behaviour.Correctly perceiving stereotypes of international students helps teachers to understand the student population more deeply and adopt effective teaching behaviour.This study focuses on the stereotypes of international Chinese language teachers towards international students in Chinese universities and its impact on teachers’classroom management and students’classroom performance.Summarizing the findings,we conclude that international Chinese language teachers have both positive and negative stereotypes of the international student body,and that negative stereotypes account for more than positive stereotypes.On this basis,this study further discusses the importance of international Chinese language teachers being aware of the existence of stereotypes of international students,and makes suggestions to strengthen the positive influences and weaken the negative ones.

Helping Chinese Overcome Stereotypes about American Culture

This research paper,from the perspective of cross-cultural communication,intends to analyze the cultural misconceptions Chinese have about North American culture.Inspired by the data the author collected through the semester-long project with three subjects from different background,the topic of helping Chinese people overcome stereotypes about American culture stands out to claim the practical value in terms of enhancing Chinese people’s cultural awareness and ability to distinguish cultural perspectives and recognize the complexity of cross-cultural communication.Also,recommendations like to know yourself,to develop cross-cultural communication competence are provided for overcoming the formation of stereotypes and to decrease possible cultural incidents since people of both cultures are increasingly interacting with each other in various aspects in the situation of globalization.

Ageism: Millennial Persistence

This work develops the idea that is possible to affirm that beyond its nuances. Ageism has shown a surprising force of prevalence in western society. Nourished by mythical, empirical, ideological and health elements, it has been enormously successful in imposing an image of vulnerability, decrepitude and illness on older adults. Since 1969, when the first academic article on the subject was published, much has been written on the subject, but little progress has been made in terms of social and state policies and community awareness. When an attempt has been made to propose an alternative to decrepit (Aristotelian as we suggest in this paper) ageism, nothing has emerged but a new kind of ageism that has imposed the supposed need that the older adult “must” be “productive”, “young”, “vigorous”, posing the impossibility, in short, once again, of the older adult living spontaneously as an older adult.

Experiment on librarians’ implicit stereotype from the group comparative perspective

In order to better reveal the librarians’ image and solve the shortcomings of the investigation,this study introduced the method of Single Target Implicit Association Test to measure librarians’ implicit stereotype in the minds of the public,library science students and librarians themselves.This study tries to answer:1)whether library profession is feminine? 2) whether this profession leaves a more positive or negative impression? 3) whether it is good to choose this profession? The results show that:1) librarian is not viewed as a feminine profession;2) in general,librarians have left people positive impressions,but some subgroups do not agree with that;3) this occupation is neither good nor bad;4) library science students have the tendency of career preferences and derogation at the same time;5) librarians showed implicit vocational preference;6) promoting the professionalism helps to improve the librarians’ stereotypes.

城市低收入居民日出行链特征及其影响因素分析

基于南京居民1d出行调查数据,对城市低收入居民日出行链的复杂度和类型选择特征进行分析.Pearson卡方检验表明不同收入群体的日出行链模式存在显著差异.低收入居民以非通勤出行链为主,且出行链复杂度低.此外,通过建立Stereotype Logit模型和Mixed Logit模型分别研究影响日出行链复杂度和类型选择的因素.结果表明,出行便利性和灵活性提高时,低收入居民的出行链复杂度会随之增加.高居住密度和高就业岗位密度地区的低收入居民倾向选择复杂的通勤链出行,且从事更多的非通勤活动.

Minority Subjectivities in Maxine Hong Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book

Seeking the legitimacy of representing themselves is one of the major missions that Chinese American writer Kingston sends on her main characters in her novels. To voice his minority subjectivities, Wittman Ah Sing, the protagonist in Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book, needs to protest the emasculated stereotype culturally applied to him, a Chinese American man, in a way of changing his identities. This multiple-faced Wittman Ah Sing manifests Kingston's objection to any singular or fixed subjectivity of Chinese Americans in her anti-racist posture.

A Form of the Psychomachia——by Analyzing Iago's Functioning as the Other Self to Othello

Othello the black general tries very hard to construct his identity as a white Venetian. But the white ancient Iago, in which Othello's black soul contains, plots against Othello to pull him into the black stereotype. The misplaced souls result in the war, like a form of psychomachia.

化解偏见 卸下学生心灵枷锁

偏见（prejudice）是人们以不正确或不充分的信息为根据而形成的对其他人或群体的片面甚至错误的看法与影响。偏见与态度有关,可偏见又不同于态度。态度包含三个成分：认知、情感和行为倾向。其与态度的认知成分相对应的是刻板印象（stereotype）,它代表着人们对其他团体的成员所持的共有信念。偏见（prejudice）则是与情感要素相联系的倾向性,它对别人的评价建立在其所属的团体之上,而不是认识上。

常规关系在借代翻译研究中的应用——含意理论在翻译技巧中的应用之二

This paper approaches interpretation of metonymies in translation from the angle of implicationalization,in the process of which stereotypical relations play an important role.It discusses semantic motivation and formulation of a metonymy and concerns itself with the contextual elements which bring the relevant association into prominence and with the mapping relations with the community as well.It suggests that to come at the right semantic orientation of the original,the translator should be alert to the ways the author sees the world and the principles by which the SL community establishes relations between one thing and another. [