基于Web of Science围生期创伤知情护理文献计量学分析

目的:探讨围生期创伤知情护理领域的研究热点与趋势。方法:计算机检索Web of Science核心合集中的科学引文索引(SCI)和社会科学引文索引(SSCI)数据库2008年1月1日—2023年10月25日发表有关围生期创伤知情护理相关文献,通过bibliometrix对文献年度发文量、国家和机构、高被引期刊、论文及作者进行统计分析,使用Cite Space 6.2.R4软件对关键词进行共现分析。结果:共纳入278篇文献,年度发文量呈上升趋势,美国是发文量最多的国家,Aparicio E M是该领域最具影响力的作者,高频关键词包括亲密关系暴力、创伤后应激障碍、童年逆境、分娩等,共包含14个关键词聚类和9个关键词突现,演化路径由女性创伤史的识别到围生期的分娩体验。结论:围生期创伤知情护理集中于创伤史的识别与方案构建,随着研究深入,其热点将为围生期护理人员对于创伤知情护理的看法及干预实践。

Science Put to the Test of Mysticism in the “Navetanes”

Mystical practices or “Xon” exist in virtually every sector of social life in Senegal. Popular or “navétane” football is particularly and profoundly affected by this phenomenon, to the point of raising questions about their place in this sport, which is naturally governed by scientific rules of performance. To provide an answer, we used qualitative methods, including participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 9 coaches and those in charge of the “xonjom”. The main results highlight the predominance of “Xon” over training. The players pay more attention to the mystics. The creation of a commission responsible for occult practices and the efforts made by the players to approach occultists and ensure that their instructions are respected attest to the importance of “xonjom”. As a result of the social anchoring provided by education, popular football is not spared from “xon”. More time is spent practising mysticism than training. They are seen as a source of victory, playing the role of psychological preparation. The centralisation of “xonjom” is reflected in the prioritisation of “xon” over training. The marabouts’ instructions take precedence over those of the trainers.

Establishment and Exploration of Functional Party Groups in Science and Technology Institutes under the Academy System:A Case Study of Runze College of Ningxia University

The education and management of college student Party members is the focus of student Party building work in colleges and universities.In the context of students second classroom being conducted in the academy,the management of student Party members should enhance their Party spirit cultivation through improving their self-management and self-monitoring.After the comprehensive reform of Ningxia University,Runze College targeted the characteristics of agricultural majors and set up functional Party groups to enable student Party members to play a pioneering and exemplary role in the second classroom.Runze College relies on the academy system and breaks through the traditional one-way management mode led by Party branch teachers in the second classroom of college students.It leverages the role of functional Party groups in off campus science and technology academies,and integrates Party building work into daily teaching and research and solving agricultural production technology problems for local villagers,achieving the goal of promoting and integrating Party building and business work,and improving each other.

Uncovering the Challenges Faced by Primary School Science Teachers in Implementing Experimental Teaching:A Data Analysis Based on a Questionnaire Survey Conducted in Western China

Primary school science is a discipline grounded in experiments,and experimental teaching holds paramount significance in primary school science education in China.Nevertheless,the implementation problems of experimental teaching are frequently disregarded.This research endeavors to disclose the concrete challenges encountered by primary school science teachers in the western region of China during the implementation of experimental teaching,analyze their implications,and put forward corresponding mitigatory measures.Based on a questionnaire survey regarding the current state of primary school science experimental teaching in 21 areas of western China,it is unveiled that primary school science teachers in the western region of China confront deficiencies in scientific professional attainment,the necessity to enhance the attitude towards experimental teaching,and a partial shortage of experimental teaching resources.These hardships result in the deterioration of the quality of experimental teaching,the attenuation of students’learning interests,and the exacerbation of teachers’job burnout.Hence,measures should be initiated in aspects such as teacher training,resource development,and enhanced emphasis to assist primary school science teachers in the western region of China in implementing experimental teaching more effectively and elevating the quality of primary school science experimental teaching.

Historical retrospects and evolutionary characteristics of paleogenomic science and technology

Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.

Future China-Africa research collaboration in geoscience:Challenges and opportunities

At the 19th G20 Summit in Brazil in November 2024,China promoted the development of sustainable solutions to climate change,biodiversity loss,and environmental pollution.This continued the theme of the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit,at which China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time,adopting the G20 Action Plan on the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries.In Brazil,China announced actions on advancing modernization in Africa over the next three years with a Chinese commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.In this article,we examine the potential role of geoscience research and practice in development,particularly in the sustainable use of natural resources,the prevention of climate change impacts,as well as mitigation of geo-hazards and their health implications,indicating the areas where China’s geoscience for Africa is strong and where it requires more effort.We find that although China is the world’s leading publisher of scientific papers,its contribution to geoscience in Africa(the globe’s fastest-growing economic area),as shown by bibliometric research,appears to be rather small and inconsistent with the research priorities of Africa.Amongst the priorities for geoscience research in Africa,which are not addressed substantially by the research conducted so far,are sustainable mineral and hydrocarbon development,hydrology and hydrogeology,climate change and resilience,natural hazards,medical geology,agrominerals,and geoscience education and training.A particular opportunity for African nations is the presence of critical minerals-minerals needed for the energy transition and for batteries for electric cars in particular.Africa is well-endowed with many of these critical materials,such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals.Several research groups stress the need for the agency on the part of African institutions to map out these valuable resources,understand their value and the economics and sustainability of their extraction,encourage local business,attract investment,and scrutinize proposals from potential international investors to get the best deals.A strong point of existing China-led geoscience development includes the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)program online computing platform and its artificial intelligence tool GeoGPT,which is being developed in partnership with Zhejiang Laboratory.These are being developed with strong China funding support for free and wide global access,with a particular focus on Africa.These advanced tools will help to place the agency of development squarely in the hands of African scientists and institutions.In summary,the following are recommended:(1)a more coordinated and strategic approach to China-led geoscience research in Africa;(2)an Africa-centered,geoscience funding initiative that concentrates on relevant topics to the continent such as critical minerals exploration and other geological resources,materials and processes and their health implications on the populations and ecosystems in general,as well as climate change and climate change resilience;and(3)continued support for China-led international initiatives that seek to increase the agency and capacity of Africa geoscience researchers,for example the Deep-time Digital Earth platform.

基于Web of Science对土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究的计量分析

为全面了解土壤胶体影响重金属行为方向的研究现状和前沿动态,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库,利用WoS自带分析工具、HistCite引文图谱分析软件、VOSviewer和Citespace可视化分析软件对1990—2021年间土壤胶体影响重金属行为的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明,在世界范围内该方向的发文量逐年稳步增长,我国相关研究起步较晚,但近些年呈现迅猛发展的势头。目前土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究发文量最多的国家和研究机构分别是美国和中国科学院,发文量最高的期刊为Environmental Science&Technology,主要研究学科为环境科学与生态学的交叉学科。关键词聚类分析显示“土壤胶体颗粒粒径分级与重金属的形态分布”、“土壤胶体的释放、沉积及对重金属的吸附作用”和“土壤胶体颗粒的迁移机制与迁移模型研究”为主要的研究主题,人工纳米颗粒在土壤中的行为、迁移转化以及生物有效性是现阶段的研究热点。利用场流分离技术结合单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱等技术,探讨土壤胶体与人工纳米颗粒之间发生的复杂相互作用及其对人工纳米颗粒迁移归趋与环境命运的影响,是未来的主要研究方向。

美国科技信息基础设施建设的经验及启示——OSTI职能和www．science．gov网站的案例分析

本文归纳分析了美国科技信息基础设施建设的宏观环境租条件，并通过介绍美国科技信息基础设施建设的一个案例——www．science．gov网站，分析了其建设的具体做法、经验和成效，指出了利用现代互联网技术跨部门整合科技信息资源、增加国家研发投入回报的重要性，提出了对中国科技信息机构改革和发展的建议。

On the Experience, Problems in Science and Technology Services of Basic Scientific Research Institutes and Suggestions——Taking Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of Jiangsu as an Example

Taking the Jiangsu Province as Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Areas of an example, the paper elaborated the advanced practices of agricultural research institutes in agricultural science and technology services and analyzed the difficulties and solutions in the services. process of science and technologyservices.

基于Web of Science全球小麦低温逆境的研究态势分析

低温逆境已成为限制全球小麦稳产丰产与优质的主要农业气象灾害之一。为客观全面地了解全球小麦低温逆境领域的研究现状和发展趋势,基于Web of Science核心数据库中2000-2020年发表的以“小麦”和“低温”为研究主题的相关文献为数据源,利用CiteSpace可视化分析软件对检索到与主题密切相关的475篇文献从发文数量、发文国家、发文作者、研究机构、研究热点等方面进行统计分析。结果表明:自2000年以来,小麦低温逆境领域年发文数量总体呈波动上升趋势;以中国、美国和加拿大等国家为代表的农业大国均致力于该领域的研究;美国学者Skin⁃ner是该领域发文量最多的作者,与其他学者合作密切的有李向楠和Fowler;该领域文献多发表于《Molecular Genetics and Genomics》和《Annual Review of Plant Biology》等优质期刊上;俄罗斯科学院是该领域发文量最多的科研机构;耐低温小麦新品种培育、耐寒分子生物学研究以及提高小麦产质量等方面成为该领域的研究热点。

基于Web of Science数据库的淀粉多酚相互作用研究的可视化分析

为了解淀粉多酚相互作用的研究现状和发展趋势,采用文献计量学方法,以Web of Science核心合集数据库出版日期为2010-01-01至2024-04-18的论文为研究对象,进行可视化分析,为相关学科的研究提供参考。结果显示:淀粉多酚相互作用研究领域的年发文量总体呈上升趋势;中国研究机构在该领域发文数量优势明显,但在影响力方面与新西兰、澳大利亚和西班牙等国的研究机构相比还有一定差距;该领域研究热点主要集中在食品科学技术与化学学科方向,但同时也展示出多学科交叉融合的发展趋势。消化、特性、相互作用、生物利用度、抗菌活性、分子对接、复合物、纳米颗粒、活性膜等方面是该领域的研究前沿。

基于SCIENCE程序包对COSINE燃料组件分析程序的独立验证

本文采用法国的SCIENCE程序包对COSINE燃料组件分析程序cosLATC开展独立验证。采用COSINE组件计算程序cosLATC和SCIENCE程序包APOLLO2-F程序建立CPR1000机组典型的AFA3G燃料组件模型,对计算得到的燃料组件吸收截面、裂变产额截面和核子密度进行对比分析,并计算出偏差,分析认为影响COSINE组件计算程序cosLATC结果的主要影响因素为核素库、链式反应、组件内部的杂质等。该方法对国产自主化软件的独立验证具有重要的参考意义。

基于Web of Science数据库的副凋亡研究文献计量分析

目的分析近20年来副凋亡研究现状、热点和发展趋势,为今后的研究提供参考。方法以副凋亡为主题在Web of Science数据库中检索并筛选于2003年1月1日至2023年12月31日发表的语言为英语的论著和综述,利用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件生成知识图谱。结果共纳入305篇文献,副凋亡研究的发文量呈逐年递增趋势。中国(106篇)和亚洲大学(韩国)分别是发文量最多的国家和机构,美国与其他国家合作更频繁。刊文量较多的期刊为《Cell death disease》《Photochemistry and Photobiology》《Oncotarget》。关键词的热度分析显示线粒体功能障碍、内质网自噬、乳腺癌和肝细胞癌是该领域的研究热点。结论国内外副凋亡研究发展迅速,尤其在肿瘤学领域,信号通路将成为未来研究的重点。

基于Web of Science数据库的水稻土土壤微生物研究态势分析

为进一步了解水稻土土壤微生物领域的研究进展和未来发展趋势,基于Web of Science数据库,采用文献计量学的分析方法,分析了2014-2023年水稻土土壤微生物领域文章。结果表明,2014-2023年全球范围内关于水稻土土壤微生物发表文章数量共计768篇,其中美国、印度、中国发文量排在前3位;研究机构中法国国家科学研究中心位居首位,发文量达36篇;中国科学院位列第二,发文量为33篇。该领域研究论文主要发表在Frontiers in Microbiology、Microorganisms和Frontiers in Plant Science;研究学科包括微生物学、农学、分子生物学等相关学科。

基于Web of Science的战争旅游研究综述

以2000—2023年“Web of Science核心合集”中111篇与战争旅游研究高度相关的论文为基础,对战争旅游研究现状及成果进行系统性总结和梳理。研究发现:按照文献发表数量,战争旅游的发展可分为萌芽期(2000—2009年)、缓慢增长期(2010—2015年)和快速增长期(2016年至今)3个阶段;战争旅游研究的方法主要采用定性研究,但定量研究和混合研究方法也逐渐受到研究者的重视;战争旅游的相关研究内容主要集中在战争旅游概念界定、战争旅游体验、战争旅游动机、战争旅游游客类别、战争旅游的功能、战争旅游目的地管理6个方面。最后,结合国外的研究经验,立足于中国的实际情况,就中国战争旅游地的实践发展提出建议,并对该领域的未来研究进行展望。

基于Web of Science数据库的植物内生真菌研究的可视化分析

植物内生真菌作为一种高度生物多样性和多用途的微生物群落而备受关注。深入了解植物内生真菌研究现状,可为该领域未来研究方向的确立及发展趋势预测提供理论依据。本文通过文献计量学方法,对1926年至2022年11月期间Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的植物内生真菌相关论文,以“植物内生真菌(Endophytic Fungi)”为检索词进行主题检索,统计相关文献的作者、国家、机构、年发表量、学科、期刊和关键词的分布情况,并利用文献可视化软件VOSviewer对所得数据进行分析。检索结果显示,1926年至2022年11月Web of Science一共收录“Endophytic Fungi”相关论文9945篇,从作者来看,以佘志刚、Proksch Peter、王斌贵以及Lee In-Jung等人为核心的研究团队发文量最高。中国、美国、印度、德国和巴西是发文量最多的国家,其中中国在该领域的发文量占总发文量的33.9%。国内主要发文机构集中在中国科学院、中国科学院大学、中山大学,国外的主要发文机构是圣保罗大学、美国农业部、法国国家科学研究中心。植物内生真菌生物多样性、植物内生真菌与宿主互作机制及利用以及植物内生真菌次生代谢产物生物活性物质挖掘为本领域研究热点,植物内生真菌代谢组学和天然衍生产品合成也是诸多学者关注的重点。本文为植物内生真菌相关领域的学者寻找潜在合作者与合作机构,并为其追踪当下研究热点和分析未来研究发展趋势提供重要参考依据。

AI for Science:科研应用及其带来的革新与挑战

人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science)被视为科学发现的第五范式的曙光。依循演绎主义的科学研究逻辑,梳理了人工智能在科学假设生成、数据收集以及分析挖掘中的应用。人工智能“数据算法算力”三原则,对科学数据的质量、算法的复杂性以及计算能力提出了更高的要求。AI for Science时代预计会出现科技巨头、AI专家、软硬件工程师、政府以及教育机构等紧密协同的新型科研模式。然而,AI算法的黑箱特性对科学研究的可解释性和可重复性构成潜在威胁。因此,在推进人工智能驱动的科学研究的发展过程中,必须坚持伦理优先的原则,注重科学数据的安全性管理,防范化解大模型分布外泛化带来的解释性弱等问题。

Technological Innovation Characteristics and Capacity Enhancement Ways for the Agricultural Science and Technology Enterprises in Beijing City

From the perspective of innovation mechanism,capital,personnel,achievements and conversion,this study analyzes the current situation of technological innovation in Beijing agricultural science and technology enterprises,and summarizes the characteristics including single financing channel of R&D funds,low conversion rate of innovative products,unbalanced distribution of technology and innovative talents,the underestimated position of enterprises as the main body of technological innovation,the large gap of innovation achievements between developed provinces and Beijing.At last,this study puts forward the ways to improve technological innovation ability in Beijing agricultural science and technology enterprises as follows:developing technological innovation strategies;improving the R&D expenditure and expanding the financing channels;perfecting the mechanism of professional personnel training in agricultural technology innovation;enhancing the level of innovation performance management;establishing and improving the corporate culture of innovation and cultivating technology innovation spirit.

Philosophy of Science for Scientists: The Probabilistic Interpretation of Science

Recently we proposed “quantum language” (or, “the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics”, “measurement theory”) as the language of science. This theory asserts the probabilistic interpretation of science (=the linguistic quantum mechanical worldview), which is a kind of mathematical generalization of Born’s probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we consider the most fundamental problems in philosophy of science such as Hempel’s raven paradox, Hume’s problem of induction, Goodman’s grue paradox, Peirce’s abduction, flagpole problem, which are closely related to measurement. We believe that these problems can never be solved without the basic theory of science with axioms. Since our worldview (=quantum language) has the axiom concerning measurement, these problems can be solved easily. Thus we believe that quantum language is the central theory in philosophy of science. Hence there is a reason to assert that quantum language gives the mathematical foundations to science.

Assessing citizen science opportunities in forest monitoring using probabilistic topic modelling

Background： With mounting global environmental, social and economic pressures the resilience and stability of forests and thus the provisioning of vital ecosystem services is increasingly threatened. Intensified monitoring can help to detect ecological threats and changes earlier, but monitoring resources are limited. Participatory forest monitoring with the help of ＂citizen scientists＂ can provide additional resources for forest monitoring and at the same time help to communicate with stakeholders and the general public. Examples for citizen science projects in the forestry domain can be found but a solid, applicable larger framework to utilise public participation in the area of forest monitoring seems to be lacking. We propose that a better understanding of shared and related topics in citizen science and forest monitoring might be a first step towards such a framework. Methods： We conduct a systematic meta-analysis of 1015 publication abstracts addressing ＂forest monitoring＂ and ＂citizen science＂ in order to explore the combined topical landscape of these subjects. We employ ＇topic modelling an unsupervised probabilistic machine learning method, to identify latent shared topics in the analysed publications. Results： We find that large shared topics exist, but that these are primarily topics that would be expected in scientific publications in general. Common domain-specific topics are under-represented and indicate a topical separation of the two document sets on ＂forest monitoring＂ and ＂citizen science＂ and thus the represented domains. While topic modelling as a method proves to be a scalable and useful analytical tool, we propose that our approach could deliver even more useful data if a larger document set and full-text publications would be available for analysis. Conclusions： We propose that these results, together with the observation of non-shared but related topics, point at under-utilised opportunities for public participation in forest monitoring. Citizen science could be applied as a versatile tool in forest ecosystems monitoring, complementing traditional forest monitoring programmes, assisting early threat recognition and helping to connect forest management with the general public. We conclude that our presented approach should be pursued further as it may aid the understanding and setup of citizen science efforts in the forest monitoring domain.