Helsinki CT评分和Stockholm CT评分对中、重型颅脑损伤预后的预测价值

目的探讨Helsinki CT评分和Stockholm CT评分对中、重型颅脑损伤(TBI)预后的预测能力。方法回顾性分析2017年9月至2018年9月收治的51例中、重型TBI的临床资料。选取入院后72 h内或术前最差的头颅CT影像进行Stockholm和Helsinki评分。伤后3个月按GOS评分评估预后,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定两个CT评分的预测预后的能力。结果伤后3个月,GOS评分5分13例,4分12例,3分5例,2分1例,1分20例;预后良好25例,预后不良26例;病死率为39.2%(20/51)。预后不良组Helsinki CT评分和Stockholm CT评分较预后良好组均明显增高(P<0.05)。根据ROC曲线分析结果,Helsinki CT评分曲线下面积(AUC)为0.922(95%置信区间0.848～0.996;P<0.001),以Helsinki CT评分=7.5分判断预后不良的敏感性为73.1%,特异性为100.0%;Stockholm CT评分AUC为0.905(95%置信区间0.826～0.985;P<0.001),Stockholm CT评分=1.75分判断预后不良的敏感性为84.6%,特异性为84.0%。结论 Helsinki CT和Stockholm CT评分都能很好地预测中、重型TBI的近期预后,两种评分系统的预测性能相当。

Climate-Induced Variability of Sea Level in Stockholm: Influence of Air Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation

This study is focused on climate-induced variation of sea level in Stockholm during 1873-1995. After the effect of the land uplift, is removed, the residual is characterized and related to large-scale temperature and atmospheric circulation. The residual shows an overall upward trend, although this result depends on the uplift rate used. However, the seasonal distribution of the trend is uneven. There are even two months （June and August） that show a negative trend. The significant trend in August may be linked to fresh water input that is controlled by precipitation. The influence of the atmospheric conditions on the sea level is mainly manifested through zonal winds, vorticity and temperature. While the wind is important in the period January-May, the vorticity plays a main role during June and December. A successful linear multiple-regression model linking the climatic variables （zonal winds, vorticity and mean air temperature during the previous two months） and the sea level is established for each month. An independent verification of the model shows that it has considerable skill in simulating the variability.

China Cultural Center in Stockholm Holds Art Lecture to Celebrate In ter national Women's Day

To celebrate the International Women's Day, China Cultural Center in Stockholm and the Chinese Swedish Federation jointly held "'International Women's Day Art Lecture The artist named Ma Jun living in Sweden introduced the history of Western art for nearly 100 audiences. Nearly 3 hour lectures were rich in con tent and vivid, and the audience was still in full swing.

Stockholm: 2019 "Happy Chinese New Year" Kicks Off

The 2019 “Happy Chinese New Year" celebrations, hosted by the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Kingdom of Sweden and the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Sweden, and organized by China Cultural Center in Stockholm, kicked off on February 2.

STOCKHOLM 2015走近北欧设计

开办超过六十年的斯德哥尔摩家具和灯饰展（以下简称家具展）是在欧洲与米兰家具展齐名的家居行业盛会,也是同期举办的斯德哥尔摩设计周期间最重要的灵感来源,每年二月,在世界范围内享有盛誉的斯堪的纳维亚设计,吸引着来自全世界的建筑师、设计师、专业买家和媒体。

Guide to Stockholm University library

Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.Zones The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading,and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

Address upon Receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature STOCKHOLM,DECEMBER 10,1950

I feel that this award was not made to me as a man,but to mywork—a life s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit,not for glory and least of all for profit,but to create out of thematerials of the human spirit something which did not exist before,sothis award is only mine in trust.It will not be difficult to fred a dedi-cation for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose andsignificance of its origin.But I would like to do the same with the ac-claim too,by using this moment as a ...

Comparison of the predictive value of the Helsinki,Rotterdam,and Stockholm CT scores in predicting 6-month outcomes in patients with blunt traumatic brain injuries

Purpose:Despite advances in modern medicine,traumatic brain injuries(TBIs)are still a major medical problem.Early diagnosis of TBI is crucial for clinical decision-making and prognosis.This study aims to compare the predictive value of Helsinki,Rotterdam,and Stockholm CT scores in predicting the 6-month outcomes in blunt TBI patients.Methods:This cohort study was conducted on blunt TBI patients of 15 years or older.All of them were admitted to the surgical emergency department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan,Iran from 2020 to 2021 and had abnormal trauma-related findings on brain CT images.The patients’demographic data such as age,gender,history of comorbid conditions,mechanism of trauma,Glasgow coma scale,CT images,length of hospital stay,and surgical procedures were recorded.The Helsinki,Rotterdam,and Stockholm CT scores were simultaneously determined according to the existing guidelines.The included patients'6-month outcome was determined using the Glasgow outcome scale extended.M Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0.Sensitivity,specificity,negative/positive predictive value and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for each test.The Kappa agreement coefficient and Kuder Richardson-20 were used to compare the scoring systems.Results:Altogether 171 TBI patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria,with the mean age of(44.9±20.2)years.Most patients were male(80.7%),had traffic related injuries(83.1%)and mild TBIs(64.3%).Patients with lower Glasgow coma scale had higher Helsinki,Rotterdam,and Stockholm CT scores and lower Glasgow outcome scale extended scores.Among all the scoring systems,the Helsinki and Stockholm scores showed the highest agreement in predicting patients’outcomes(kappa=0.657,p<0.001).The Rotterdam scoring system had the highest sensitivity(90.1%)in predicting death of TBI patients,whereas the Helsinki scoring system had the highest sensitivity(89.8%)in predicting the 6-month outcome in TBI patients.Conclusion:The Rotterdam scoring system was superior in predicting death in TBI patients,whereas the Helsinki scoring system was more sensitive in predicting the 6-month outcome.

Metadata Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants in National Pools of Human Milk in Support of the Stockholm Convention Implementation

A set of human milk samples,consisting of pools from up to 50 mothers that delivered their first baby was assessed for the persistent organic pollutants(POPs)listed in the Stockholm Convention.It must be noted that only samples that qualified for the criteria,as established in the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention,following an initial protocol from the World Health Organization,were included.The data do not allow for an assessment of POP concentrations in breast milk with lactation period nor,in most cases and when not indicated otherwise,a comparison within the same country.The assessment does not rank the POPs as to the risk for breastfeeding.Rather the measurements provide a basis for countries to compare among POPs or with other countries.A regional preference for certain POPs could not be identified;thus,taking into account global food supply chains and local production elsewhere does not allow us to prioritize a country for a certain POP.Although the highest concentrations were always found for the sum of DDT,these samples were not prominent in multivariate statistical analyses.The best indicator for the scale of POPs in breast milk was the sampling year:the earlier a national pool was created,the higher and the wider spread were the concentrations:see the example of dioxin-like POPs and indicator PCB.For some POPs,the income of a country seems to indicate scale and POP compounds.The population density was not found to be a suitable predictor or discriminator.Since all POPs seemed to level off and some POPs were only measured after the entry-into-force of the Stockholm Convention in 2004,we do not have a strong indicator to determine POP concentrations in the 1980s or before.

Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the Environment in Ecuador

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or C;provide information to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of POPs in the environment.In the broader context of international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of perfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products from its national market for PFAS analysis.The products analyzed came from the initially listed fields of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:fire-fighting foams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and pesticides.Our results showed that the three PFAS presently listed in the Stockholm Convention could be quantified in only a few samples;additional PFAS,not yet listed in the Convention also had low detection frequencies.Although the number of samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel Convention—they would not constitute a disposal problem.Nevertheless,verification of the presence of PFAS in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge for both,developed and developing countries.

麻木遗忘与施虐错位——鲁迅《风筝》及其笔下的“斯德哥尔摩症候群”

《风筝》叙述的是一件“我”摧毁小兄弟亲手制作的风筝,成年后求宽恕而不得的痛苦旧事,然其真正的写作意图并非在“叙旧”,或是记录简单的兄弟失和,而是借用“风筝事件”的表层叙事,以及《风筝》中“我”与小弟呈现出的“集体无意识”的“斯德哥尔摩综合征”特征,再与其同时期小说中众多麻木失语的人物形象遥相呼应,构建起一个独特的“斯德哥尔摩症候群”,来完成对民国初年在强权压制与精神虐杀下陷于麻木、遗忘,甚至施虐错位的“斯德哥尔摩症候群”的心灵剖析。后鲁迅在北京女子高等师范学校风潮及“三·一八惨案”中选择以现实抗争去回应绝望,还击虚妄,亦正式宣告了鲁迅对其《风筝》时期“斯德哥尔摩症候群”式精神危机的告别。

Twenty years of achievements in China’s implementation of the Stockholm Convention

Persistent organic pollutants(POPs)are extremely harmful to the environment and human health;the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was therefore adopted by the international community in 2001 to eliminate or reduce the production,use,and emissions of POPs.China is the largest developing country that has signed the Stockholm Convention,and thus plays an important role in its implementation.This paper systematically studies the practice and achievements of China since it signed the Stockholm Convention 20 years ago.China has established an implementation guarantee system including institutions,implementation mechanisms,policies,law enforcement,and scientific and technological support.During the 20 years since the implementation of the Stockholm Convention,dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)and hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH)concentrations in the air have been steadily decreasing,and Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride(PFOS/PFOSF)concentrations in water bodies have decreased.In the past 20 years,China has safely disposed of 6352.1 tons of pesticide persistent organic pollutants and 36998 sets of electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),with a disposal rate of 100%.In the future,China will further strengthen the construction of persistent organic pollutant monitoring networks,scientific research,publicity,education,and international cooperation to improve environmental quality,providing a reference for other countries to implement the Stockholm Convention.

Inventories and assessment of POPs in the State of Kuwait as a basis for Stockholm Convention implementation

Since 2006,Kuwait has been a party to the Stockholm Convention(SC)on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs).According to Article 7 of the SC,each party should develop a National Implementation Plan(NIP)and endeavour to implement the plan for the control and elimination of POPs.A first detailed National Implementation Plan has been developed for Kuwait with the support of the Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia(SCRC Kuwait)in KISR.It includes a detailed action plan to manage and control the POPs in the country but also with activities to further give regional support for POPs monitoring and management.The current paper discusses the major inventory findings for the individual POPs groups including POPs pesticides,polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers,and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD)as well as Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)and unintentional POPs.Besides,information from POPs monitoring studies in Kuwait relevant to the NIP is shortly compiled for further informing on the current situation of POPs in Kuwait.Selected soil samples were collected and analyzed for selected POPs during the NIP development to generate supplementary information to the POP monitoring studies already conducted in Kuwait.Further relevant areas for the POPs management and control were assessed during the NIP development and are listed in the paper.One finding in the NIP assessment was that some of the alternatives used are also bioaccumulative with toxicity in biota and that in the NIP implementation.Also,alternative pesticides in the current use are an issue of concern.Therefore one activity in the implementation of the NIP is the avoidance of regrettable alternatives and the use of more sustainable and green chemicals.

论人质情结在反劫持谈判中的应用

保证人质及其他人员的生命安全乃警方处置劫持人质案件的最高指导原则。自“慕尼黑事件”以来,反劫持人质谈判作为避免冲突升级的首选径路渐渐为人们所采纳。人质成为劫持者与警方对峙的“工具”后,有可能会对实施者产生强烈感情依恋(即人质情结),此种形成机理可从需求层级、防御机制以及认知失调理论视域予以探究。在反劫持谈判推进中,科学运用人质情结可有效保护人质安全,积极引导劫持者共商“非零和博弈”的和平方案。同时,警方也应注重危机落幕后的人质心理重建与完善,通过认知行为治疗的“七步疗法”来消弭劫持事件所造成的认知障碍和不良反应,增强其重启生活的信心与复原力,以助其逐步回归正常的生活轨道。

State of art control of dioxins/unintentional POPs in the secondary copper industry: A review to assist policy making with the implementation of the Stockholm Convention

Article 5 of the Stockholm Convention requires that each Party shall take measures to reduce the releases from anthropogenic sources of unintentional persistent organic pollutants(UPOPs),with the goal of their continuing minimization and,where feasible,their ultimate elimination.A major source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)and other unintentional POPs releases,both in China and worldwide,is the metal industry in particular secondary metal industries such as copper smelting.More than 50%of the global secondary copper production is now in China and high levels of PCDD/Fs are released from these operations with the national inventory of China reporting a total of 1133.8 g toxic equivalents(TEQ)yr1.Consequently the Global Environment Facility(GEF)is supporting the project‘UPOPs Reduction through best available techniques and best environmental practices(BAT/BEP)in the secondary copper production sector’in China compromising>50%of the global secondary copper production.As part of this project,information on relevant UPOPs from the metal industry have been reviewed and is presented here.This information should also be useful for other(developing)countries for controlling UPOPs releases from metal industries.This review and the information it contains provides a robust resource for policy makers,the industry and researchers to improve secondary copper production to BAT/BEP standards in relation to the reduction of PCDD/Fs and other UPOPs release.The contents include the details required to assist the understanding of the formation of chlorinated UPOPs along with their brominated and brominated-chlorinated analogues.It reviews the international sources of information on BAT/BEP,including the integrated approach considered in the European BAT Reference document,and shows how this can be used to achieve an overall reduction of pollutant releases from the industry.The current national standards of PCDD/F limits to air,water and solid residues have been compiled and are also included.Challenges which need to be addressed,such as the current international lack to consider brominated and mixed bromo-chloro PXDD/Fs which might be more environmentally significant than PCDD/Fs in some facilities e are also discussed.The study includes a brief description of the steps China has taken to change the national regulatory framework and to improve the sustainability of its secondary metal industry.The Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP guidelines recommend consideration of integrated pollution prevention and control and sustainable production as general principles which parties may incorporate when applying the BAT/BEP guidelines and guidance.This holistic approach is considered in the current project and in the improvement of the pilot facilities and will also be considered in the replication of experiences in other facilities.Using this approach ensures the implementation of the Stockholm Convention can contribute to integrated pollution prevention and control,the development of a circular economy and consequently to genuinely sustainable development thus contributing to different sustainable development goals(SDGs).It is hoped this approach will be adopted in other developing and transition economies and thus help to achieve improvements of the secondary metal industry globally.

中国履行斯德哥尔摩公约农药领域的主要举措与成效

2004年5月,《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》全球生效。我国同年正式加入该公约,全面履行公约各项义务,淘汰、消减和控制所涉及的各类POPs物质。今年正值公约全球生效以及我国履约20周年,本文从参与公约谈判、制定管理政策、完善国家标准、开发替代技术、开展履约调研、完成履约目标等多方面分享了20年来我国农药履约的主要举措与成效,并介绍了3个典型案例,提出了下一步工作重点和未来展望。

Stockholm 一馆饱览街头摄影的渊源

摄影的定义和价值正在受着冲击性的蜕变。在这样的时代语境之下,斯德哥尔摩新摄影博物馆回溯美国传奇街头摄影师Helen Levitt的坦率但富戏剧性的风格,像是在申诉平实摄影的趣味和美感。Helen Levitt辞世几年,堪称美国当代"最有名且最不知名的摄影师"。从事商业摄影的她。

Stockholm 回溯色欲观念的进化

中国艺术旨在陶冶性情,薰染雅德;西方艺术的历史中,人性的黑暗面一直都是最吸引艺术家的题材之一,不一定是鼓吹违反道德的思想,而是反映伦理与本性之间的角力。位于斯德哥尔摩的国家博物馆近日举行题为"情欲与堕落"的盛大艺术展。

瑞典斯德哥尔摩生态城市的实践与启示

由于城市发展导致居住环境日益恶劣的困境,越来越多的国家投身于可持续发展的城市模式的研究中。目前生态城市模式是应对城市可持续发展挑战的首选方式之一,瑞典斯德哥尔摩是世界级生态城市建设的典范。通过梳理斯德哥尔摩的规划文件和其他相关文献,从可持续能源系统、可持续废物管理系统、可持续交通系统3个维度介绍了斯德哥尔摩在生态城市方面的实践,归纳总结出节能新技术在生态设施上的应用、各系统之间的相互协作、居民的行为改变以及生态循环链的持续运行,是该市实现可持续发展的关键策略和解决方案。该研究可为我国进一步深入建设生态城市提供借鉴参考。

瑞典斯德哥尔摩生态交通系统建设及对中国城市的启示

开展生态和可持续交通建设,是中国生态文明城市建设的重要组成部分。在阐述斯瑞典德哥尔摩生态交通系统的基础上,分析城市在特定地理和发展条件下,围绕轨道交通和公交网络建设、步行和自行车友好街道建设、生态道路系统建设及交通需求管理所开展的具体举措,总结生态交通系统建设取得的成就。结合中国生态交通系统的发展现状,提出中国实践应引导生态型的城市用地布局,重视TOD策略在城市的传导和实施,实现由单一轨道交通模式到多层次、一体化、高水平的公交客运服务的转变,形成公交主导的绿色出行方式,建设以人为本步行和自行车友好的生态城市,强化以经济手段为主的交通需求管理,引导全社会绿色出行行为。