Efficacy of mucosa-submucosa clip closure method after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

BACKGROUND We recently developed a new endoscopic closure technique using only conventional endo-clips for colorectal lesions.Little is known about the feasibility of the endoscopic mucosa-submucosa clip closure method for gastric lesions.AIM To elucidate the efficacy of the endoscopic mucosa-submucosa clip closure method after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).METHODS Twenty-two patients who underwent gastric ESD and mucosa-submucosa clip closure were included in this study.In this method,endo-clips are placed at the edges of a mucosal defect.Additional endo-clips are then applied in the same way to facilitate reduction of the defect size.Additional endo-clips are applied to both sides of the mucosal defect.Complete closure can be achieved.We have also developed a“location score”and“closure difficulty index”for assessment purposes.RESULTS Complete closure was achieved in 68.2%of the patients(15/22).The location score in the failure group was significantly larger than that in the complete closure group(P=0.023).The closure difficulty index in the failure group was significantly higher than that in the complete closure group(P=0.007).When the cutoff value of the closure difficulty index was set at 99,the high closure difficulty index predicted failure with a sensitivity of 57.1%,specificity of 100%,and accuracy of 86.3%.CONCLUSION The endoscopic mucosa-submucosa clip closure method was unreliable after gastric ESD,especially in cases with a high closure difficulty index.

Gastric Submucosa Is Inferior to the Liver as Transplant Site for Autologous Islet Transplantation in Pancreatectomized Diabetic Beagles

Intraportal transplantation of islets is no longer considered to be an ideal procedure and finding the extrahepatic alternative site is becoming a subject of high priority. Herein, in this study, we would introduce our initial outcomes of using gastric submucosa（GS） and liver as sites of islet autotransplantation in pancreatectomized diabetic Beagles. Total pancreatectomy was performed in Beagles and then their own islets extracted from the excised pancreas were transplanted into GS（GS group, n=8） or intrahepatic via portal vein（PV group, n=5）. Forty-eight hours post transplantation, graft containing tissue harvested from the recipients revealed the presence of insulin-positive cells. All recipients in GS group achieved euglycemia within 1 day, but returned to a diabetic state at 6 to 8 days post-transplantation（mean survival time, 7.16±0.69 days）. However, all of the animals kept normoglycemic until 85 to 155 days post-transplantation in PV group（mean survival time, 120±28.58 days; P〈0.01 vs. GS group）. The results of intravenous glucose tolerance test（IVGTT） confirmed that the marked improvement in glycometabolism was obtained in intrahepatic islet autotransplantation. Thus, our findings indicate that the liver is still superior to the GS as the site of islet transplantation, at least in our islet autotransplant model in pancreatectomized diabetic Beagles.

Effect of small intestinal submucosa on islet recovery and function in vitro culture

BACKGROUND: The ability to maintain isolated human islet preparation in tissue culture has recently been adopted by most islet transplant centers to improve the safety and practicality of islet transplantation. However, maintaining islet viability and recovery remains a challenge in clinical setting. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the most important components of islet microenvironment. The reconstruction of the cell-matrix relationship seems to be effective in improving the loss of differentiated islet structure and function. Small intestinal submucosa ( SIS ) , a naturally occurring ECM, has been investigated to be able to promote wound healing, tissue remodeling, and cell growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recovery and function of isolated rat pancreatic islets after in vitro culture with SIS. METHODS: Pancreatic islets were isolated from Wistar rats by using standard surgical procurement followed by intra-ductal collagenase distension, mechanical dissociation, and EuroFicoll purification. Groups of purified islets were cultured in plates which were coated with multilayer SIS (SIS-treated group) or without ( standard cultured group) for 7 days and 14 days in standard islet culture conditions of RP-MI 1640 tissue culture media in humidified atmosphere containing 95% air and 5% CO2 at 37 ℃. The mean recovery of islets after the culture period was determined by sizing duplicate counts of a known volume and their viability was assessed by static incubation with low glucose (2.7 mmol) , high glucose (16.7 mmol) and high glucose solution supplemented with 50 μm 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IB-MX) solution. RESULTS: After 7 days and 14 days of in vitro tissue culture, the SIS-treated group showed a significantly higher recovery compared with those cultured under standard conditions. The recovery in the SIS-treated group was about two times of the control group cultured in standard conditions after 14 days culture. In the SIS-treated group, there was no statistically difference between the short and long periods of culture ( 95. 8 ± 1.0% vs. 90. 8±1. 5% , P 】 0.05). During incubation in high glucose (16.7 mmol) solution, there was a 2-3 fold increase in insulin secretion from both groups, but the SIS-treated group showed a higher increase than the standard cultured group after 14-day culture (20.7 ±1.1 mU/L vs. 11. 8 ±1.1 mU/L, P 【 0. 05). When islets were placed in the high glucose solution supplemented with IBMX, the stimulated insulin response in the SIS-treated group was higher than that in the standard cultured group in spite of the duration of the culture. The stimulation index of the SIS-treated group was about 2-3 times of the standard cultured group. In addition , after a long period of culture, the stimulation index of the SIS-treated group was statistically equivalent with that of the short period of culture (9.5 ±0.2 vs. 10.2 ±1.2, P】0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The co-culture of isolated rat islets with native sheet-like SIS can provide an excellent extracellular matrix, possible biotrophic and growth factors that promote the recovery and subsequent function of islets after in vitro tissue culture. In view of results of this study and rapid degradation of SIS in vitro, future studies will investigate the extended duration of culture and the effect of SIS on islets in vitro.

Abnormal Change in Arterial Blood Pressure after Adrenaline-Containing in Lidocaine Infiltrated into Oral Submucosa during General Anesthesia

Sudden severe hypotension also occurs in an otherwise stable surgery when adrenaline-containing in lidocaine is infiltrated and care must be taken when using adrenaline-containing in lidocaine because it occasionally induces several adverse reactions. We report the case of a 16-year-old man who scheduled for oral surgery in which abnormal arterial blood pressure changes occurred after adrenaline-containing in lidocaine infiltrated into oral submucosa.

Use of small intestinal submucosa graft for repair of anterior urethral strictures

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using small intestinal submucosa ( SIS) graft for repair of anterior urethral strictures. Methods From June 2009 to August 2010,18 men ( mean age,38 yrs) with anterior urethral strictures underwent urethroplasty using a four layer SIS as an onlay patch graft. SIS was used to

Small intestinal submucosa improves islet survival and function during in vitro culture

AIM: To evaluate the recovery and function of isolated rat pancreatic islets during in vitro culture with small intestinal submucosa (SIS).METHODS: Pancreatic islets were isolated from Wistar rats by standard surgical procurement followed by intraductal collagenase distension, mechanical dissociation and Euroficoll purification. Purified islets were cultured in plates coated with multilayer SIS (SIS-treated group) or without multilayer SIS (standard cultured group) for 7 and 14 d in standard islet culture media of RPMI 1640. After isolation and culture, islets from both experimental groups were stained with dithizone and counted. Recovery of islets was determined by the ratio of counts after the culture to the yield of islets immediately following islet isolation. Viability of islets after the culture was assessed by the glucose challenge test with low (2.7 mmol/L) and high glucose (16.7 mmol/L)solution supplemented with 50 mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) solution. Apoptosis of islet cells after the culture was measured by relative quantification of histone-complexed DNA fragments using ELISA.RESULTS: After 7 or 14 d of in vitro tissue culture, the recovery of islets in SIS-treated group was significantly higher than that cultured in plates without SIS coating. The recovery of islets in SIS-treated group was about twice more than that of in the control group. In SIS-treated group, there was no significant difference in the recovery of islets between short- and long-term periods of culture (95.8±1.0% vs 90.8±1.5%, P>0.05). When incubated with high glucose (16.7 mmol/L) solution,insulin secretion in SIS-treated group showed a higher increase than that in control group after 14 d of culture (20.7±1.1 mU/L vs11.8±1.1 mU/L, P<0.05). When islets were placed in high glucose solution containing IBMX,stimulated insulin secretion was higher in SIS-treated group than in control group. Calculated stimulation index of SIS-treated group was about 23 times of control group. In addition, the stimulation index of SIS-treated group remained constant regardless of short- and long-term periods of culture (9.5±0.2 vs 10.2±1.2, P>0.05).Much less apoptosis of islet cells occurred in SIS-treated group than in control group after the culture.CONCLUSION: Co-culture of isolated rat islets with native sheet-like SIS might build an extracellular matrix for islets and provide possible biotrophic and growth factors that promote the recovery and subsequent function of islets.

不同种类聚合物对猪小肠黏膜下层支架仿生矿化的影响

目的:探究不同种类的聚合物对脱细胞猪小肠黏膜下层(small intestinal submucosa,SIS)支架体外仿生矿化的影响,并基于理化性能和生物相容性指标评价各组SIS矿化支架。方法:将冷冻干燥法制备而成的SIS支架分别浸泡在模拟体液(simulated body fluid,SBF)、含聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid,PAA)的矿化液和同时含PAA和聚天冬氨酸(polyaspartic acid,PASP)的矿化液中持续2周,隔天换液,依次得到SBF@SIS、PAA@SIS、PAA/PASP@SIS支架,以未矿化的SIS支架为对照组,评价上述支架的理化性能及生物相容性。结果:环境扫描电子显微镜(environment scanning electron microscopy,ESEM)下各组支架均呈适宜孔径的三维多孔结构,各组矿化支架均可见晶体附着,其中以PAA/PASP@SIS支架晶体沉积更为规则,同时可见胶原纤维增粗。能谱分析显示,3组矿化支架均可见钙、磷元素的特征峰,以PAA/PASP@SIS支架峰值最高;傅里叶变换红外光谱分析证实,3组矿化支架均实现了羟基磷灰石与SIS结合;各组支架均具有良好的亲水性;3组矿化支架压缩强度均高于对照组,以PAA/PASP@SIS支架压缩强度最优;各组支架均能有效吸附蛋白,以PAA/PASP@SIS组吸附能力最佳。CCK-8细胞增殖实验(周期为1、3、5、7、9 d)中,PAA/PASP@SIS组展现出最佳的促细胞增殖能力。结论:经同时含PAA和PASP的矿化液制备的PAA/PASP@SIS支架与其他矿化支架相比具有更优的理化性能和生物相容性,具有骨组织工程应用的潜能。

Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa Mesh for Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapsed

Background：Pelvic organ prolapse （POP） is a major health concern that affects women.Surgeons have increasingly used prosthetic meshes to correct POP.However,the most common used is synthetic mesh,and absorbable mesh is less reported.This research aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of porcine small intestinal submucosa （SIS）.Methods：Consecutive forty POP patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent pelvic reconstruction surgery with SIS between March 2012 and December 2013.The patients＆#39; clinical characteristics were recorded preoperatively.Surgical outcomes,measured by objective and subjective success rates,were investigated.We evaluated the quality of life （QOL） using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 （PFDI-20） and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 （PFIQ-7）.Sexual QOL was assessed by the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire-12 （P1SQ-12）.Results：At postoperative 12 months,the subjective recurrence rate （7.5%） was much lower than the objective recurrence rate （40.0%）.Postoperatively,no erosion was identified.One underwent a graft release procedure because of urinary retention,and one had anus sphincter reconstruction surgery due to defecation urgency.Another experienced posterior vaginal wall infection where the mesh was implanted,accompanied by severe vaginal pain.Estrogen cream relieved the pain.One patient with recurrence underwent a secondary surgery with Bard Mesh because of stage 3 anterior vaginal wall prolapse.Scoring system of PFDI-20 was from 59.150 ± 13.143 preoperatively to 8.400 ± 4.749 postoperatively and PFIQ-7 was from 73.350 ± 32.281 to 7.150 ± 3.110,while PISQ-12 was from 15.825 ± 4.050 to 12.725 ± 3.471.Conclusions：QOL and the degree of subjective satisfaction were significantly improved postoperatively.Anterior repair deserves more attention because of the higher recurrence rate.The long-term follow-up of the patient is warranted to draw firm conclusion.

Use of porcine small intestinal submucosa for pediatric endoscopic tympanic membrane repair

Tympanic membrane perforationsoccur frequently in children,and can result in hearing loss,otorrhea,pain,and cholesteatoma.Due to the narrower ear canal in children,a postauricular incision is often needed to access the tympanic membrane for surgical repair.Endoscopic approaches are increasingly being used for tympanic membrane repair,reducing the need for postauricular incisions.As the need for a postauricular incision decreases,the demand for non-autologous grafting material has increased.Acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been described in the literature as an alternative to commonly used autologous grafts,and is well suited for use with transcanal endoscopic ear surgery as a minimally invasive approach.This paper describes techniques for use of SIS in endoscopic tympanic membrane repair in children.

Surface modification of small intestine submucosa in tissue engineering

With the development of tissue engineering,the required biomaterials need to have the ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro and in vivo.Especially,surface modification of the scaffold material has a great influence on biocompatibility and functionality of materials.The small intestine submucosa(SIS)is an extracellular matrix isolated from the submucosal layer of porcine jejunum,which has good tissue mechanical properties and regenerative activity,and is suitable for cell adhesion,proliferation and differentiation.In recent years,SIS is widely used in different areas of tissue reconstruction,such as blood vessels,bone,cartilage,bladder and ureter,etc.This paper discusses the main methods for surface modification of SIS to improve and optimize the performance of SIS bioscaffolds,including functional group bonding,protein adsorption,mineral coating,topography and formatting modification and drug combination.In addition,the reasonable combination of these methods also offers great improvement on SIS surface modification.This article makes a shallow review of the surface modification of SIS and its application in tissue engineering.

Procyanidins-crosslinked small intestine submucosa: A bladder patch promotes smooth muscle regeneration and bladder function restoration in a rabbit model

Currently the standard surgical treatment for bladder defects is augmentation cystoplasty with autologous tissues,which has many side effects.Biomaterials such as small intestine submucosa(SIS)can provide an alternative scaffold for the repair as bladder patches.Previous studies have shown that SIS could enhance the capacity and compliance of the bladder,but its application is hindered by issues like limited smooth muscle regeneration and stone formation since the fast degradation and poor mechanical properties of the SIS.Procyanidins(PC),a natural bio-crosslinking agent,has shown anti-calcification,anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties.More importantly,PC and SIS can crosslink through hydrogen bonds,which may endow the material with enhanced mechanical property and stabilized functionalities.In this study,various concentrations of PC-crosslinked SIS(PC-SIS)were prepared to repair the full-thickness bladder defects,with an aim to reduce complications and enhance bladder functions.In vitro assays showed that the crosslinking has conferred the biomaterial with superior mechanical property and anti-calcification property,ability to promote smooth muscle cell adhesion and upregulate functional genes expression.Using a rabbit model with bladder defects,we demonstrated that the PC-SIS scaffold can rapidly promote in situ tissue regrowth and regeneration,in particular smooth muscle remodeling and improvement of urinary functions.The PC-SIS scaffold has therefore provided a promising material for the reconstruction of a functional bladder.

Co-administration of platelet-rich plasma and small intestinal submucosa is more beneficial than their individual use in promoting acute skin wound healing

Background:Acute skin wounds may compromise the skin barrier,posing a risk of infection.Small intestinal submucosa(SIS)is widely used to treat acute and chronic wounds.However,the efficacy of SIS to accelerate wound healing still needs to be improved to meet clinical demands.To tackle this problem,platelet-rich plasma(PRP)is used due to its potency to promote proliferation,migration and adhesion of target cells.In this study,we applied PRP and SIS to skin wounds to explore their effects on wound healing by evaluating re-epithelialization,collagen production,angiogenesis and the inflammatory response.Methods:A1×1-cm full-thickness skin defectwas established in mice.Sixty mice were divided into four treatment groups:PRP+SIS,PRP,SIS and control.On days 3,5,7,10 and 14 post-surgery,tissue specimens were harvested.Haematoxylin and eosin,Masson’s trichrome,immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double staining were used to visualize epidermal thickness,collagen and vascular regeneration and inflammation.Results:Wound contraction in the PRP and PRP+SIS groups was significantly greater,compared with the other groups,on days 3 and 5 post-surgery.A histological analysis showed higher collagen expression in the PRP and PRP+SIS groups on day 7,whichwas associated with a thicker epidermal layer on day 14.In addition,immunohistochemical staining showed that CD31-positive blood vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the PRP+SIS and PRP groups were significantly higher,compared with the control group.Furthermore,immunofluorescence double staining showed that the number of M1 and M2 macrophages in the PRP+SIS and PRP groups was higher,compared with the control and SIS groups alone,on day 3.However,on day 7,the number of M1 macrophages dramatically decreased in the PRP+SIS and PRP groups.The ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages in the PRP+SIS and PRP groups was 3.97 and 2.93 times that of the control group and 4.56 and 3.37 times that of the SIS group,respectively.Conclusion:Co-administration of SIS and PRP has a better effect on promoting angiogenesis,reepithelialization and collagen regeneration in managing acute wound healing than either agent alone.

Accelerating ESD-induced gastric ulcer healing using a pH-responsive polyurethane/small intestinal submucosa hydrogel delivered by endoscopic catheter

Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric cancer,but the large post-operative ulcers caused by ESD often lead to serious side effects.Post-ESD mu-cosal repair materials provide a new option for the treatment of post-ESD ulcers.In this study,we developed a polyurethane/small intestinal submucosa(PU/SIS)hydrogel and investigated its effi-cacy for accelerating ESD-induced ulcer healing in a canine model.PU/SIS hydrogel possessed great biocompatibility and distinctive pH-sensitive swelling properties and protected GES-1 cells from acid attack through forming a dense film in acidic conditions in vitro.Besides,PU/SIS gels present a strong bio-adhesion to gastric tissues under acidic conditions,thus ensuring the reten-tion time of PU/SIS gels in vivo.In a canine model,PU/SIS hydrogel was easily delivered via endoscopy and adhered to the ulcer sites.PU/SIS hydrogel accelerated gastric ulcer healing at an early stage with more epithelium regeneration and slight inflammation.Our findings reveal PU/SIS hydrogel is a promising and attractive candidate for ESD-induced ulcer repair.

Decellularized small intestine submucosa/polylactic-co-glycolic acid composite scaffold for potential application in hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tissue repair

There has been an increase in the incidence of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer worldwide,and hence growing needs for hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tissue repair.This work produced a bi-layer composite scaffold with decellularized small intestine submucosa and polylactic-co-glycolic acid,which resembled the layered architectures of its intended tissues.The decellularized small intestine submucosa contained minimal residual DNA(52.5±61.2 ng/mg)and the composite scaffold exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties(a tensile modulus of 21.1±64.8 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 14.0±62.9MPa and a failure strain of 26.9±65.1%).The interactions between cells and the respective layers of the scaffold were characterized by CCK-8 assays,immunostaining and Western blotting.Desirable cell proliferation and phenotypic behaviors were observed.These results have provided an important basis for the next-step in vivo studies of the scaffold,and bode well for its future clinical applications.

Tissue engineered esophagus by copper——small intestinal submucosa graft for esophageal repair in a canine model

Acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa(SIS)has been used for esophagoplasty with success in a canine model.However,it did not lead to complete epithelialization.For better reconstruction,a cellular component is required.Moreover,promotion of angiogenesis with copper has been widely recognized by basic research as well as clinical studies.In this study,we have evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of combined Cu and SIS(SIS-Cu patch)for the esophageal repair using a canine model.Eighteen male beagle dogs were subjected to surgical resection to produce cervical esophageal defects(5 cm in length,180°in range).SIS with Cu(5 or 25μmol L 1copper)or without Cu was patched on the esophageal defects.Barium esophagram and histology exam were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy.As shown,the SIS-Cu graft promoted re-epithelialization,re-vascularization and muscular regeneration.SIS-Cu patch is more effective than SIS alone for esophageal repair,and the SIS+25μmol L 1Cu group demonstrated additional advantages over the SIS+5μmol L 1Cu.

不同pH值对脱细胞小肠黏膜下层海绵支架螯合锶离子的影响

目的:设计不同pH值下螯合锶(strontium,Sr)的脱细胞小肠黏膜下层(decellularized small intestinal submucosa,dSIS)海绵支架(Sr/dSIS),以该支架的理化性能和生物相容性为评价指标,为制备Sr/dSIS选择合适的pH值。方法:(1)Sr/dSIS制备及分组:将dSIS溶液与氯化锶溶液等体积混合,调节溶液pH分别为3、5、7、9,于37℃下充分反应后经冷冻干燥制得多孔支架,分别命名为Sr/dSIS-3、-5、-7、-9,以dSIS支架为对照;(2)理化性能评价:观察支架大体形貌,采用扫描电镜分析微观形貌并测定孔隙率和孔径,能谱分析表面元素,红外光谱分析官能团结构,原子吸收分光光度法测定螯合率,比重法检测吸水率,万能力学测试机评价压缩强度;(3)生物相容性评价:采用Calcein-AM/PI活细胞/死细胞染色法评价各组支架的毒性和促骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)增殖效果。结果:扫描电镜下各组支架具有三维多孔网络结构,孔径和孔隙率差异无统计学意义;能谱分析中Sr/dSIS-5、-7、-9组检测出锶元素的特征峰,且锶元素均匀分布于支架;官能团分析验证了Sr/dSIS-5、-7、-9组有螯合物形成;螯合率分析显示Sr/dSIS-7组锶离子螯合率最高,与其他组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组支架吸水性良好;Sr/dSIS-5、-7、-9组的压缩强度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组支架的生物相容性良好,Sr/dSIS-7组展现出最佳的促细胞增殖能力。结论:pH为7时,Sr/dSIS支架具有高锶离子螯合率以及更好的促BMSCs增殖效果,是制备Sr/dSIS支架的理想pH值。

颊部黏膜下的牙骨质-骨化纤维瘤1例

牙骨质-骨化纤维瘤作为间充质来源的良性牙源性肿瘤,主要发生于颌骨的牙承载区。本文报道1例位于左侧颊黏膜下的牙骨质-骨化纤维瘤病变,结合该病例的诊治情况及既往相关文献,对其分类以及鉴别诊断进行讨论。

小肠粘膜下层组织工程支架材料的生物相容性研究

目的观察小肠粘膜下层(SIS)的生物相容性和作为组织工程支架材料的可行性。方法参照国际标准ISO10993-1制定的医疗器械生物学评价的相关方法和标准,通过细胞毒性试验、热原试验、溶血试验、致敏试验、肌肉刺激试验等体内外生物学实验相结合的方法评价SIS的生物相容性及免疫原性。结果实验证明小肠粘膜下层细胞相容性良好,不溶血,无致热、致敏反应,肌肉刺激试验的组织学检查见SIS周围无明显炎症及排斥反应,材料部分降解并见大量结缔组织生长。结论SIS具有良好的生物相容性和免疫原性,可作为组织工程的支架材料。

小肠黏膜下层细胞相容性的研究

评价猪小肠黏膜下层与人胚骨膜成骨细胞 (Human embryonic periosteal osteoblasts,HEPOB)、人胚皮肤成纤维细胞 (Hum an em bryonic skin fibroblasts,HESFB)及兔肾血管内皮细胞 (Rabbitrenal vascular endothelialcells,RRVEC)的细胞相容性。制备猪小肠黏膜下层 (Sm all intestinal submucosa,SIS) ,将 HEPOB、HESFB和RRVEC与小肠黏膜下层体外复合培养 ,采用相差显微镜观察细胞的黏附和生长 ,并用 MTT法测定细胞增殖 ,用流式细胞仪检测复合培养细胞在不同培养时间的细胞周期、细胞凋亡。结果表明三种细胞均可在 SIS上黏附生长 ,SIS可促进 RRVEC的增殖 ,SIS对三种细胞的细胞周期和细胞凋亡率无影响。 SIS有良好的细胞相容性 ,其孔径、结构有助于 HEPOB、HESFB和 RRVEC细胞的黏附和生长 ,是良好的组织工程生物衍生材料。

小剂量硬化剂加固对食管静脉曲张术后的影响

目的探讨在密集套扎疗法的基础上进行硬化加固治疗对于食管静脉曲张复发的防治作用。方法对食管静脉曲张套扎治疗后食管曲张静脉消失或基本消失的患者进行硬化剂加固治疗,从齿状线开始依次向上在残存小曲张静脉内与血管旁粘膜下层注射5%鱼肝油酸钠,每点注射1～2ml,每次共注射10～14ml。观察其对静脉曲张消失后复发的预防作用。结果加固治疗组49例共行硬化治疗132次,平均2.7次,最多治疗4次。随访12～25个月,平均18个月。结果40例(81.9%)患者未发现食管静脉曲张再出现,原有细小静脉明显减轻或消失,9例复发。加固组与单纯套扎组再出血率有明显差异(10.2%对23.4%,P<0.05);超声内镜检查显示加固治疗组食管曲张静脉发现率明显低于单纯套扎组(42.9%对76.6%,P<0.01);加固治疗组与单纯套扎组穿通支血管检出率无明显差异(42.8%对57.4%,P>0.05)。治疗后未发现严重并发症。结论套扎治疗后小剂量硬化剂加固治疗可显著减少套扎术后残留的食管曲张静脉、防止闭塞消失的静脉再通、预防再出血,有助于提高结扎术的长期疗效,延缓静脉曲张的复发。