Transient receptor potential channels and calcium dysregulation: a pathogenic duo in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD) has a complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. Various studies, conducted both in pre-clinical models and PD patients, have reported a link between the disruption of calcium(Ca^(2+)) homeostasis and the subsequent development of PD. Ca^(2+) regulation is crucial for neuronal survival, differentiation,exocytosis at synapses,gene transcription,and proliferation.

LIL for the Length of the Longest Increasing Subsequences

Let X1,X2,…,Xn,…be a sequence of i.i.d.random variables uniformly distributed on[0;1],and denote by Ln the length of the longest increasing subsequences of X1,X2,…,Xn.Consider the poissonized version Hn based on Hammersley’s representation in the 2-dimensional space.A law of the iterated logarithm for Hn is established using the well-known subsequence method and Borel-Cantelli lemma.The key technical ingredients in the argument include superadditivity,increment independence and precise tail estimates for the Hn’s.The work was motivated by recent works due to Ledoux(J.Theoret.Probab.31,(2018)).It remains open to establish an analog for the Ln itself.

Subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

BACKGROUND With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource utilization.As degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple proce-dures.AIM To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second procedure.METHODS The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were excluded.Patient demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second surgery.Outcome metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOS),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(ED)visits.RESULTS A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were analyzed.There was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 d.For THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(P<0.001).THA patients had significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second surgery.However,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or ED visits(P=0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second TJA.This may be the result of increased confidence and decreased anxiety,and it supports the theory that enhanced patient education pre-operatively may improve outcomes.For the surgical team,the second procedure of a staged THA is more efficient,although this finding did not hold for TKA.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Comparison of concomitant and subsequent cholangiocarcinomas associated with hepatolithiasis:Clinical implications

AIM:To compare the outcomes of concomitant cholangiocarcinoma(C-CCA)and subsequent cholangiocar-cinoma(S-CCA)associated with hepatolithiasis. METHODS:From December 1987 to December 2007, 276 patients underwent hepatic resection for hepa-tolithiasis in Changhua Christian Hospital.Sixty-five patients were excluded due to incomplete medical records and the remaining 211 patients constituted our study population base.Ten patients were diag-nosed with C-CCA based on the preoperative biopsy or postoperative pathology.During the follow-up period, 12 patients developed S-CCA.The diagnosis of S-CCA was made by image-guided biopsy or by pathology if surgical intervention was carried out.Patient charts were reviewed to collect clinical information.Parameters such as CCA incidence,interval from operation to CCA diagnosis,interval from CCA diagnosis to disease-related death,follow-up time,and mortality rate were calculated for both the C-CCA and S-CCA groups.The outcomes of the C-CCA and S-CCA groups were math-ematically compared and analysed. RESULTS:Our study demonstrates the clinical implications and the survival outcomes of C-CCA and S-CCA. Among the patients with unilateral hepatolithiasis,the incidence rates of C-CCA and S-CCA were fairly similar (4.8%vs 4.5%,respectively,P=0.906).However,for the patients with bilateral hepatolithiasis,the incidence rate of S-CCA(12.2%)was higher than that of C-CCA (4.7%),although the sample size was limited and the difference between two groups was not statistically sig-nificant(P=0.211).The average follow-up time was 56 mo for the C-CCA group and 71 mo for the S-CCA group.Regard to the average time intervals from operation to CCA diagnosis,S-CCA was diagnosed after 67 mo from the initial hepatectomy.The average time intervals from the diagnoses of CCA to disease-related death was 41 mo for the C-CCA group and 4 mo for the S-CCA group,this difference approached statistical sig-nificance(P=0.075).Regarding the rates of overall and disease-related mortality,the C-CCA group had signifi-cantly lower overall mortality(70%vs 100%,P=0.041) and disease-related mortality(60%vs 100%,P=0.015) than the S-CCA group.For the survival outcomes of two groups,the Kaplan-Meier curves corresponding to each group also demonstrated better survival outcomes for the C-CCA group(log rank P=0.005).In the C-CCA group,three patients were still alive at the time of data analysis,all of them had free surgical margins and did not have pathologically proven lymph node metastasis at the time of the initial hepatectomy.In the S-CCA group,only one patient had chance to undergo a second hepatectomy,and all 12 S-CCA patients had died at the time of data analysis. CONCLUSION:C-CCA has better outcomes than S-CCA.The first hepatectomy is crucial because most patients with recurrent CCA or S-CCA are not eligible for repeated surgical intervention.

Genome triplication drove the diversification of Brassica plants

The genus Brassica belongs to the plant family Brassicaceae,which includes many important crop species that are used as oilseed,condiments,or vegetables throughout the world.Brassica plants comprise many diverse species,and each species contains rich morphotypes showing extreme traits.Brassica species experienced an extra whole genome triplication(WGT)event compared with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.Whole genome sequencing of the Brassica species Brassica rapa,Brassica oleracea and others demonstrated that WGT plays an important role in the speciation and morphotype diversification of Brassica plants.Comparative genomic analysis based on the genome sequences of B.rapa and A.thaliana clearly identified the WGT event and further demonstrated that the translocated Proto-Calepine Karyotype(tPCK,n57)was the diploid ancestor of the three subgenomes in B.rapa.Following WGT,subsequent extensive genome fractionation,block reshuffling and chromosome reduction accompanied by paleocentromere descent from the three tPCK subgenomes during the rediploidization process produced stable diploid species.Genomic rearrangement of the diploid species and their hybridization then contributed to Brassica speciation.The subgenome dominance effect and biased gene retention,such as the over-retention of auxin-related genes after WGT,promoted functional gene evolution and thus propelled the expansion of rich morphotypes in the Brassica species.In conclusion,the WGT event initiated subsequent genomic and gene-level evolution,which further drove Brassica speciation and created rich morphotypes in each species.

Adaptive subsequence adjustment with evolutionary asymmetric path-relinking for TDRSS scheduling

Due to the limited transmission resources for data relay in the tracking and data relay satellite system （TDRSS）, there are many job requirements in busy days which will be discarded in the conventional job scheduling model. Therefore, the improvement of scheduling efficiency in the TDRSS can not only help to increase the resource utilities, but also to reduce the scheduling failure ratio. A model of nonhomogeneous parallel machines scheduling problems with time window （NPM-TW） is firstly built up for the TDRSS, considering the distinct features of the variable preparation time and the nonhomogeneous transmission rates for different types of antennas on each tracking and data relay satellite （TDRS）. Then, an adaptive subsequence adjustment （ASA） framework with evolutionary asymmetric path-relinking （EvAPR） is proposed to solve this problem, in which an asymmetric progressive crossover operation is involved to overcome the local optima by the conventional job inserting methods. The numerical results show that, compared with the classical greedy randomized adaptive search procedure （GRASP） algorithm, the scheduling failure ratio of jobs can be reduced over 11% on average by the proposed ASA with EvAPR.

Observation of the Superheavy Nuclide ^(271)Ds

With the recent commissioning of a gas-filled recoil separator at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in Lanzhou,the decay properties of 271Ds (Z =110) were studied via the 20sPb(64Ni,n) reaction at a beam energy of 313.3 MeV.Based on the separator coupled with a position sensitive silicon strip detector,we carried out the energy-position-time correlation measurements for the implanted nucleus and its subsequent decay α's.One α-decay chain for 271Ds was established.The α energy and decay time of the 27iDs nucleus were measured to be 10.644 MeV and 96.8ms,which are consistent with the values reported in the literature.

中国精神分裂症分子遗传研究(英文)

Schizophrenia is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors with a global heritability of more than 80%. By the end of the 1970s, Chinese scientists reported a heritability of schizophrenia of 82.9% in the Chinese Han population. Continuous improvements in research techniques and the recruitment of larger samples have made it possible for Chinese scientists to identify a number of candidate susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. This article reviews the results in genetic research of schizophrenia by Chinese scientists over the last five decades.

Effects of the Residues of Cuscuta campestris and Mikania micrantha on Subsequent Plant Germination and Early Growth

Cuscuta campestris, a dodder, can parasitize and suppress a scrambling herbaceous to semi-woody perennial vine, Mikania micrantha, one of the most destructive weeds in the world. To assess the effects of the mixed residue of C. campestris and M. micrantha on the subsequent plant community, we conducted a one-year experiment on the germination and seedling growth of subsequent plant community after the application of C. campestris. Seven treatments of varying proportions of C. campestris and M. mierantha residue on 21 subject trees and shrubs, which were commonly found in South China, resulted in a germination rate of 35.3% for all 8 715 seeds from 18 species, ranging from 5.7 to 81.9%; the remaining 3 species failed to germinate. ANOVA analysis showed that the residue did not affect the germination, growth, or mortality of the trees and shrubs. The germinated C. campestris seeds from the residue coiled the seedlings of most of the species, but less than 4% host death caused by C. campestris. In addition, the residue did not affect the germination of the herbaceous seedlings originating from the loam, and the similarity coefficients of the germinated seedlings between the treatments were very high. These results suggested that the residue had no negative impact on the germination and early seedling stages of the tree, shrub and grass species of the subsequent plant community. The use of C. campestris residue had a positive effect on the growth of M. micrantha, but it did not change the trend of M. micrantha being suppressed because re-parasitization occurred soon after the growth restarted. No negative effect was detected on the other species as a result of the parasitization of C. campestris or by the use of the mixed residue. This suggests that C. campestris is likely to be an effective and promising ecologically safe native herbaceous agent for controlling M. micrantha.

Correlation of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Depositional Sequences in Different Facies Belts on Southern Margin of Upper Yangtze Platform

A fundamental problem in sequence stratigraphy is whether the sequences are global in extent and whether the sea level changes are eustatic in nature. Study on the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous depositional sequences in different facies belts on the southern margin of the Upper Yangtze platform shows that different orders of sequences possess distinctive distribution and correlation in space, although the sea level changes in various orders of sequences may be primarily global in nature. The present paper regards the distribution in space, especially in different facies belts, as a criterion for defining and recognizing the various orders of sequences. The orthosequence (third order sequence) is probably global in nature, which may be discerned in various depositional facies belts on the continental margin and can be correlated over long distances, sometimes maybe worldwide. Commonly, correlation of the subsequences (fourth order sequences with time interval of 0.5 Ma to 1.5 Ma) is difficult in different facies belts, although some of them are probably also worldwide in distribution. A subsequence should be distinguishable and correlatable within at least one facies belt. The higher order sequences, including parasequences (fifth order sequences) and microsequences (sixth order sequences), are regional or local in distribution. They may have reflected the longer and shorter Milankovitch cycles respectively. Orthosequences and subsequences are usually recognizable in different facies belts, while parasequences and microsequences may be distinguished only in shallow marine deposits, but not in slope and basin facies deposits.

Optimizing dietary lipid use to improve essential fatty acid status and reproductive performance of the modern lactating sow:a review

Dietary lipid supplementation benefits the prolific and high-producing modern lactating sow. A comprehensive review of recent studies showed that lipid supplementation increases average daily energy intake, which is partitioned for lactation as indicated by greater milk fat output and improved litter growth rate. Recent compelling findings showed that addition of particular lipids during lactation improved the subsequent reproductive outcome of sows. Such benefits were related to the level of dietary essential fatty acids（EFA, linoleic acid, C18：2n-6; and α-linolenic acid, C18：3n-3） during lactation. Lactation diets without supplemental EFA resulted in a pronounced negative balance（intake minus milk output） of linoleic（-25.49 g/d） and α-linolenic acid（-2.75 g/d）; which compromised sow fertility（farrowing rate 〈 75 % and culling rates 〉 25 % of weaned sows）. This phenomenon seems to be increasingly important with advancing sow age because of a progressive reduction of body EFA pool over successive lactations. The net effect of supplemental EFA during lactation was to create a positive EFA balance, which improved the subsequent reproduction of sows. Adequate linoleic acid intake improved the proportion of sows that farrowed in the subsequent cycle（Farrowing rate（%） = [（-1.5 × 10^-3× linoleic acid intake（g/d）^2） ＋（0.53 × linoleic acid intake（g/d）） ＋（45.2）]; quadratic P = 0.002, R^2= 0.997, RMSE = 0.031）. In addition, increasing linoleic acid intake increased the number of pigs born in the subsequent cycle（total pigs born（n） = [（9.4 × 10^-5× linoleic acid intake（g/d）^2） ＋（0.04 × linoleic acid intake（g/d）） ＋（10.94）]; quadratic P = 0.002, R^2= 0.997, RMSE = 0.031）. Supplemental α-linolenic acid resulted in a rapid return to estrus（sows bred： sows weaned = 94.2 %; wean-to-estrus interval = 4.0 d） and achieved a high retention of pregnancy（sows pregnant： sows bred = 98 %）. Collectively, we conclude that a minimum dietary intake of10 g/d of α-linolenic acid, simultaneous with a minimum of 125 g/d of linoleic acid should be provided to ≥ 95 % of the sows; thereby, achieving a maximum sow reproductive efficiency through multiple mechanisms that include rapid return to estrus, high maintenance of pregnancy and large subsequent litter size in mature sows, that appear to be susceptible to EFA deficiency.

Functional sample path properties of subsequence's C-R increments for a Wiener process in Hlder norm

In this paper, with the aid of large deviation formulas established in strong topology of functional space generated by HSlder norm, we discuss the functional sample path properties of subsequence＇s C-R increments for a Wiener process in HSlder norm. The obtained results, generalize the corresponding results of Chen and the classic Strassen＇s law of iterated logarithm for a Wiener process.

Obstructive sleep apnea increases heart rhythm disorders and worsens subsequent outcomes in elderly patients with subacute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a potential cardiovascular risk.We aimed to investigate the association of OSA with heart rhythm disorders and prognosis in elderly patients with new-onset acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS We prospectively enrolled 252 AMI elderly patients(mean age,68.5±6.9 years)who were undergoing revascularization and completed a sleep study during their hospitalization.All subjects were categorized into non-OSA(apnea–hypopnea index(AHI)<15,n=130)and OSA(AHI≥15,n=122)groups based on the AHI.The changes in the autonomic nervous system,incidence of arrhythmia during nocturnal sleep,and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCEs)were compared between the groups.RESULTS The mean AHI value in all AMI patients was 22.8±10.9.OSA patients showed higher levels of body mass index and peak high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lower levels of minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation(Min Sa O2),as well as greater proportion of multivessel coronary artery disease(all P<0.05).The OSA group also showed significant increases in heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence onset(both P<0.05)and higher incidence of arrhythmia(including sinus,atrial,and ventricular in origin).At a median follow-up of 6 months(mean 0.8–1.6 years),OSA(AHI≥15)combined with hypoxia(Min Sa O2≤80%)was independently associated with the incidence of MACCEs(hazard ratio[HR]:4.536;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.461-14.084,P=0.009)after adjusting for traditional risk factors.CONCLUSIONS OSA and OSA-induced hypoxia may correlate with the severity of myocardial infarction,increase the occurrence of heart rhythm disorders in elderly subacute MI patients,and worsen their short-term poor outcomes.

CONVERSION OF SURGICALLY VERIFIED UNRESECTABLE TO RESECTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA(A REPORT OF 26 PATIENTS WITH SUBSEQUENT RESECTION)

During the period 1978-1987, 255 patients with pathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were determined by laparotomy to be un-resectable, 155 (60.8%) out of them had their tumor mainly confined in right or left lobe and considered to be potentially resectable if remarkable tumor shrinkage appears after treatment. Second look operation was performed in 26 (16.8%) out of the 155 patients after marked reduction of tumor size, resection was done in all of these 26 patients. Triple or quadruple combination treatment with hepatic artery ligation (HAL), hepatic artery infusion (HAI) with chemotherapy, radiotherapy using linear accelerator, and radioimmunotherapy using 131-I antihu-man HCC ferritin antibody yielded the highest conversion rate (29.8%, 14/47) as compared to double combination treatment with HAL+HAI, or cryosur-gery+HAL (16.9%, 12/71) and single treatment with HAL or HAI or HAE (embolization) (0%, 0/37). The median tumor size of these 26 patients was reduced from 9.5 cm to 5.0 cm after combination treatment. The median interval between the first laparotomy and the subsequent resection was 5.0 (2-16) months. The survival rates calculated by life table method were: 1-year 86.5%, 2-year 74.3% and 3-year 74.3%. Nine cases have survival more than 3 years. Thus, multimodality combination treatment with subsequent resection might prolong survival significantly for some patients with unresectable HCC particularly confined in right lobe of a cirrhotic liver.

A new manufacture method of backfill samples in lab——Illustrated with a case study

The differences between the formation processes of lab backfill samples and field backfill were analysed. An improved sampling mold, containing an outer box shell and inner sampling mold, was put forward. The new and traditional test molds were applied to make subsequent-backfill samples of Yong-ping Copper Mine. The observation of mass fraction and theory analysis of settlement and distribution of tailing particles were carried out. The research results show that the magnitude of the strength of the backfill forming in new mold is lower than that of backfill forming in traditional mold, and the biggest gap amounts to 36%.

Erratum:On the Correct Form of the Saha Equation for Two-Temperature Plasmas[Chin.Phys.Lett.16(1999)193]

A typographic error has been found in lines 5-8 on the left column of page 195."……for and only for a single temperature plasma system with T_(e)=T_(h)=T,the condition dG≤0(or dF≤0)reduces to dG<0(or dF≤0)"should be corrected as "……for and only for a single temperature plasma system with T_(e)=T_(h)=T,the condition dG≤0(or dF≤0)reduces to dG≤0(or dF≤0)".This error has no effect on the subsequent derivation or the conclusions of the paper.

A Facile Method for Synthesizing TiO_(2) Sea-Urchin-Like Structures and Their Applications in Solar Energy Harvesting

We present a new method to prepare TiO_(2) sea−urchin-like structures,which involves the initial formation of tubular nanostructures and subsequent self-assembly of the nanotubes into micrometer-scale sea-urchin-like structures.We also investigate the important role of alkali aqueous conditions in the preparation of TiO_(2) sea−urchin-like structures.This facile and cost-effective approach provides a new route for the preparation of self-assembled TiO_(2) structures.In addition,the performance of the as−synthesized TiO2 sea-urchin-like structures as the active layer of an efficient solar energy harvester is also studied and discussed.

Identification and elimination of inductively coupled plasma-induced defects in Al_xGa_(1-x)N/GaN heterostructures

By using temperature-dependent Hall, variable-frequency capacitance-voltage and cathodoluminescence （CL） measurements, the identification of inductively coupled plasma （ICP）-induced defect states around the AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterointerface and their elimination by subsequent annealing in AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures are systematically investigated. The energy levels of interface states with activation energies in a range from 0.211 to 0.253 eV below the conduction band of GaN are observed. The interface state density after the ICP-etching process is as high as 2.75× 10^12 cm^-2.eV^-1. The ICP-induced interface states could be reduced by two orders of magnitude by subsequent annealing in N2 ambient. The CL studies indicate that the ICP-induced defects should be Ga-vacancy related.

Targeted quantitative profiling of metabolites and gene transcripts associated with 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses

4-Aminobutyrate accumulates in plants under abiotic stress.Here,targeted quantitative profiling of metabolites and transcripts was conducted to monitor glutamate-and polyamine-derived 4-aminobutyrate production and its subsequent catabolism to succinate or 4-hydroxybutyrate in apple(Malus x domestica Borkh.)fruit stored at 0°C with 2.5 kPa O2 and 0.03 or 5 kPa CO2 for 16 weeks.Low-temperature-induced protein hydrolysis appeared to be responsible for the enhanced availability of amino acids during early storage,and the resulting higher glutamate level stimulated 4-aminobutyrate levels more than polyamines.Elevated CO2 increased the levels of polyamines,as well as succinate and 4-hydroxybutyrate,during early storage,and 4-aminobutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate over the longer term.Expression of all of the genes likely involved in 4-aminobutyrate metabolism from glutamate/polyamines to succinate/4-hydroxybutyrate was induced in a co-ordinated manner.CO2-regulated expression of apple GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 2,AMINE OXIDASE 1,ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 10A8 and POLYAMINE OXIDASE 2 was evident with longer term storage.Evidence suggested that respiratory activities were restricted by the elevated CO2/O2 environment,and that decreasing NAD+availability and increasing NADPH and NADPH/NADP+,respectively,played key roles in the regulation of succinate and 4-hydroxybutyate accumulation.Together,these findings suggest that both transcriptional and biochemical mechanisms are associated with 4-aminobutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses.