This article deals with the influence of the partial substitution of bitumen by a mixture of sulphur and tyre and plastic bottle powders on the characterization of asphalt concrete. The approach adopted was to subject...This article deals with the influence of the partial substitution of bitumen by a mixture of sulphur and tyre and plastic bottle powders on the characterization of asphalt concrete. The approach adopted was to subject a control asphalt concrete to level 2 formulation tests as well as those modified at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by substituting bitumen with a mixture of tyre powder, plastic bottle powder and sulphur at 40%, 28% and 32% respectively. The results of the PCG, Duriez and rutting tests carried out on the control and modified bituminous concretes (manufactured using the wet process) revealed three (03) major findings, in particular with regard to workability, resistance to simple compression and rutting. The experimental results show an increasing trend in the essential parameters. At 40% substitution, there was a 22.73% increase in compactness, reflecting a significant improvement in the material’s workability. With regard to simple compressive strength, the increase is 34.02% at 40% substitution, highlighting the limitation of crack formation and propagation under heavy precipitation. With regard to rutting, the 16% drop in susceptibility at 40% substitution reflects a significant improvement in the behaviour of the material under dynamic mechanical stresses in heavy precipitation. The improvement in these behaviours results from the insertion of the plastic bottle powder into the interstices of the granular skeleton, thus reducing its cellular structure, and also from the interactions between the sulphur with the tyre powder and the sulphur with the plastic bottle powder, i.e. cross-linking or vulcanisation.展开更多
The process of lignite desulphurization via its treatment by an oxidant(air or air–steam mixture)has been studied.The research objective was useful determination of steam application in oxidative lignite desulphuriza...The process of lignite desulphurization via its treatment by an oxidant(air or air–steam mixture)has been studied.The research objective was useful determination of steam application in oxidative lignite desulphurization.It has been proved that the water steam should be included in the oxidant composition to increase the hydrogen sulphide and combustible constituent content in the gases obtained during the processes under research.The impact of factors which affect the reactions between solid(in our case–lignite)and gaseous reagent(oxidant,i.e.air and or air–steam mixture)upon the research process has been investigated,if these reactions occur in the kinetic area.Such factors are linear rate of oxidant movement and coal grain size.The values of oxidant movement linear rate and coal grain size,which the reaction transfer from pyrite sulphur and organic content of lignite from diffusion into kinetic area occurs by,have been determined.Under these‘‘transfer’’conditions,the values of coefficients of oxidant mass transfer(β,m/s)as well as Sherwood criteria and boiling layer differences have been calculated.展开更多
The oxidative desulphurization process of coal with different metamorphism degrees treated by an air-steam mixture has been studied.It has been shown that the pyrite present in black coal and anthracite is oxidized wi...The oxidative desulphurization process of coal with different metamorphism degrees treated by an air-steam mixture has been studied.It has been shown that the pyrite present in black coal and anthracite is oxidized with the sulphur dioxide formation,and the process chemical mechanism does not depend on the quality of organic matter.The medium-metamorphized coal,capable of turning into a plastic state and cake in the range of investigated temperatures(350~450 ℃),is desulphurized with the greatest difficulty.The chemical mechanism dealing with the transformations of pyritic sulphur present in brown coal differs from similar processes taking place in black coal and anthracite,because FeS2 is converted with hydrogen sulphide formation at desulphurization.展开更多
The experimental research on refining slag systems for ultra-low sulphur steel was carried out in a 10 kg induction furnace.It was proved that sulphur element in molten steel can be removed to less than 5×10^(-6)...The experimental research on refining slag systems for ultra-low sulphur steel was carried out in a 10 kg induction furnace.It was proved that sulphur element in molten steel can be removed to less than 5×10^(-6) by adding CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-MgO-CaF_2 slag on the surface of molten steel and feeding CaO-BaO-CaF2 wire into molten steel.And L_s,which is the coefficient of sulphur between slag and molten steel,that is ω(s)/ω[s],increases by increasing I(I = ωBaO/ωCaO).When I=5/3,L_s can be up to its maximum of 633.The CaSi is effective for deep desulphurization,especially when it is added to the slag of wire feeding.展开更多
A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastnes...A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastness on silk.展开更多
Lithium-sulphur(Li-S)batteries are currently considered as next-generation battery technology.Sulphur is an attractive positive electrode for lithium metal batteries,mainly due to its high capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1))an...Lithium-sulphur(Li-S)batteries are currently considered as next-generation battery technology.Sulphur is an attractive positive electrode for lithium metal batteries,mainly due to its high capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1))and high specific energy(2600 Wh kg^(-1)).The electrochemical reaction of lithium with sulphur in non-aqueous electrolytes results in the formation of electrolyte soluble intermediate lithium-polysulphides.The dissolved polysulphides shuttle to the anode and get reduced at the anode resulting in Li metal corrosion.The solubility of polysulphide gradually reduces the amount of sulphur in the cathode,thereby limiting the cycle life of Li-S batteries.Several strategies have been proposed to improve the cycling stability of Li-S batteries.A unique approach to eliminate the polysulphide shuttle is to use ultramicroporous carbon(UMC)as a host for sulphur.The pore size of UMC which is below 7A,is the bottleneck for carbonate solvents to access sulphur/polysulphides confined in the pores,thereby preventing the polysulphide dissolution.This perspective article will emphasise the role of UMC host in directing the lithiation mechanism of sulphur and in inhibiting polysulphide dissolution,including the resulting parasitic reaction on the lithium anode.Further,the challenges that need to be addressed by UMC-S based Li-S batteries,and the strategies to realise high power density,high Coulombic efficiency,and resilient Li-S batteries will be discussed.展开更多
Cs Rb V series low temperature sulphuric acid catalyst was prepared for the first time by using carbonized mother liquor containing alkali metal salts. The results show that the conversion of SO 2 on catalyst prepared...Cs Rb V series low temperature sulphuric acid catalyst was prepared for the first time by using carbonized mother liquor containing alkali metal salts. The results show that the conversion of SO 2 on catalyst prepared directly with carbonized mother liquor could reach to 24.8% at 410?℃. If n (Na)/ n (V) was adjusted properly, the conversion of SO 2 could be increased to 35.6% at 410?℃. Refined carbonized mother liquor could make the catalytic activity even higher at low temperature, the conversion of SO 2 could be increased to 36.65% at 410?℃. The catalyst was examined with differential thermal analysis. It was found that both endothermic peaks and exothermic peaks of catalyst shifted forward obviously and the catalyst possessed higher activity at low temperature.展开更多
The study reviews the process of oxidative desulphurization of high-sulphur Ukrainian lignite, which was performed by coal treatment using an air or air-steam mixture. In the process. sulphur-free fuel and tar from th...The study reviews the process of oxidative desulphurization of high-sulphur Ukrainian lignite, which was performed by coal treatment using an air or air-steam mixture. In the process. sulphur-free fuel and tar from the decomposition of coal organic matter was obtained. Hence, the sulphur in the coal was converted inlo hydrogen sulphide. The coal desulphurization process is critical to power generatio n. power generation and technology, and tech no logy field of application. The coal desulphurization process ensures the maximum recovery of the highest content of sulphur and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in desulphurized gases at minimal energy costs. The process also enhances the maximum decomposition of tar and sulphur recovery (> 50%) during coal power generation. Based on smnniarized field studies, a block schematic diagram coupled with heat and material balances of the process was developed for the calculations. The application of the tech no logy at the first stage of coal combustion in thermal power plants will en able the utilizatio n of over 50% of recovered coal sulphur in the form of concentrated H2S or commercial elemental sulphur. This will, nevertheless, allow for a reduction of sulphur oxide pollution in the environment by at least 53%-56%. It has been suggested that the product of thermal decomposition of coal organic matter (tar) can be used as a componenl of fumace fuel oil or as a plasticizer of petroleum-based road bitumen.展开更多
With the proper choice of the ion species present in the Panzhihua blast furnace slag, the sulphur partition ratio was calculated based on the ionization theory of the slag. It can be concluded that TiO_2 reacts as an...With the proper choice of the ion species present in the Panzhihua blast furnace slag, the sulphur partition ratio was calculated based on the ionization theory of the slag. It can be concluded that TiO_2 reacts as an acidtc oxide and the Panzhihua ore or concentrate cannot be treated as a semi-self-fluxing ore.展开更多
In order to enhance the lead and zinc recovery from the refractory Pb-Zn oxide ore, a new technology was developed based on sulfidation roasting with sulphur by temperature gradient method. The solid-liquid reaction s...In order to enhance the lead and zinc recovery from the refractory Pb-Zn oxide ore, a new technology was developed based on sulfidation roasting with sulphur by temperature gradient method. The solid-liquid reaction system was established and the sulfidation thermodynamics of lead and zinc carbonate was calculated with the software HSC 5.0. The effects of roasting temperature,molar ratio of sulphur to lead and zinc carbonate and reaction time in the first step roasting, and holding temperature and time in the second roasting on the sulfidation extent were studied at a laboratory-scale. The experimental results show that the sulfidation extents of lead and zinc are 96.50% and 97.29% under the optimal conditions, respectively, and the artificial galena, sphalerite and wurtzite were formed. By the novel sulfidizing process, it is expected that the sulphides can be recovered by conventional flotation technology.展开更多
Leaching mechanism of acid roasted ore in the spodumene sulphuric acid process was investigated. Experimental results of leaching rates along with variations of leaching temperature in the acidized and neutral leachin...Leaching mechanism of acid roasted ore in the spodumene sulphuric acid process was investigated. Experimental results of leaching rates along with variations of leaching temperature in the acidized and neutral leaching processes were reported. Applying ion exchange mechanism in acidized roasting and absorption entrainment mechanism at high temperature, leaching mechanism was discussed. A better explanation of experimental results was given.展开更多
The kinetics of dissolved O_2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions on copper surface was studied in naturally aerated and air and O_2-saturated 0.50 mol/L H_2SO_4 solutions using polarization measurements combin...The kinetics of dissolved O_2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions on copper surface was studied in naturally aerated and air and O_2-saturated 0.50 mol/L H_2SO_4 solutions using polarization measurements combined with the rotating disc electrode (RDE).The Koutecky-Levich plot indicated that the dissolved O_2 reduction at the copper electrode was an apparent four-electron process.A correlation between the presence of dissolved O_2 and the formation of Cu_2O,confirmed from XRD,was discussed. Ascorbic a...展开更多
Composite layer with nitrocarbonide and sulfide was made on the surface of CrMoCu alloy cast iron by combined treatment of ion nitrocarburizing and sulphurizing. The composite layer is composed of sulfide layer, nitro...Composite layer with nitrocarbonide and sulfide was made on the surface of CrMoCu alloy cast iron by combined treatment of ion nitrocarburizing and sulphurizing. The composite layer is composed of sulfide layer, nitrocarbonide hypo-surface layer and its diffusing layer, the size of sulfide globular grains distributing equably on the surface is in nano-micron-scale, and the phase structure of the composite layer is composed of FeS, FeS1-x, Fe2C and Fe3N. Under oil lubrication, sulphurized surface shows good scuffing-resistance only under low velocity, and nitrocarburized and sulphurized surface greatly improves the scuffing-resistance and wear-resistance of CrMoCu alloy cast iron, its integrated friction and wear properties are better than those of the plain and sulphurized surfaces under all the velocities.展开更多
Remarkable progress has been made in conjugated copoly-mer donors due to the development of novel fused-ring ac-ceptor(FRA)building units[1−15].The copolymers based on FRA units have delivered excellent power conversi...Remarkable progress has been made in conjugated copoly-mer donors due to the development of novel fused-ring ac-ceptor(FRA)building units[1−15].The copolymers based on FRA units have delivered excellent power conversion efficien-cies(PCEs)up to 18.69%in organic solar cells(OSCs)[16].Fused-ring aromatic lactones are promising FRA units[17−19].展开更多
The effects of composite supports of CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 on the methanation activity of supported Co-Mo-based sulphur-resistant catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were further chara...The effects of composite supports of CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 on the methanation activity of supported Co-Mo-based sulphur-resistant catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were further characterized by nitrogen adsorption measurement, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst of 5%CoO-15%MoO3 supported on CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides, respectively, showed different catalytic performances of syngas methanation in the presence of hydrogen sulphide as compared with that of the 5%CoO-15%MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst. The Co-Mo/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst shows the highest methanation activity among the tested catalysts. The enhanced methanation activity may be attributed to the improvement of the dispersion of active metal species and the inhibition of the formation of S6+.展开更多
Polycrystalline CuInS2 (CIS) films were prepared by sulphurization of Cu-In films. The surface morphology and phase composition of the as-grown film, the KCN-etched film, and the annealed KCN-etched film were invest...Polycrystalline CuInS2 (CIS) films were prepared by sulphurization of Cu-In films. The surface morphology and phase composition of the as-grown film, the KCN-etched film, and the annealed KCN-etched film were investigated. During the sulphurization, the secondary CuxS phase segregated on the surface of the as-grown films. To improve the crystalline quality of CuInS2 films, a series of post-grown treatments, such as KCN-etching and vacuum annealing KCN-etched films, were performed on the as-grown films. Both as-grown and post-treated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that a CuxS secondary phase segregated on the surface of the as-grown film, which could be removed effectively by KCN etching. After the vacuum annealing treatment, the KCN-etched film had a sphalerite structure with (112) preferred orientation. Meanwhile, the crystalline quality of the CIS film was significantly improved, which provided a novel method to improve the performance of thin film solar cells.展开更多
The low temperature ion sulphuration-an effective surface engineering technique for reducing friction and wear of rubbing-pairs was introduced. It involves the principle of ion sulphuration process, microstructure of ...The low temperature ion sulphuration-an effective surface engineering technique for reducing friction and wear of rubbing-pairs was introduced. It involves the principle of ion sulphuration process, microstructure of FeS film on 1045 steel, tribological properties of FeS film on steels, microstructions and tribological properties of MoS2 and nano-FeS/MoS2 multi-layered films, as well as their applications.展开更多
The chemical and electrochemical equilibria in the presence of gaseous phase were investigated. Many substances, which consisted of sulphur and chromium, were considered. Various thermodynamic equilibria were calculat...The chemical and electrochemical equilibria in the presence of gaseous phase were investigated. Many substances, which consisted of sulphur and chromium, were considered. Various thermodynamic equilibria were calculated in different pressures. Calculation results were shown as log p-1/T and E-T diagrams. These diagrams may be used to study the corrosion of chromium in sulphur-containing circumstances. The diagrams are also used to thermodynamically determine the existence area of various substances and so on.展开更多
In order to reduce sulphur ( S ) and phosphorus ( P ) impurities in deposited metal, a small amount of rare earth (RE) lanthanum ( La) and yttrium (Y) were added into the coating ofE4303 electrode, a low car...In order to reduce sulphur ( S ) and phosphorus ( P ) impurities in deposited metal, a small amount of rare earth (RE) lanthanum ( La) and yttrium (Y) were added into the coating ofE4303 electrode, a low carbon steel electrode. The microstructures of deposited metal were analyzed with metalloscope, and then the content of S and P was examined by energy dispenive X-ray spectrometer ( EDXS ), and by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer for further examination. The results show that the proper addition of La and Y can be beneficial to the desulfurization and dephosphorization of the deposited metal. Certainly, difference in the addition amount of La and Y could lead to various desulfurization and dephosphorization efficiency, in which the former is more obvious than the latter. With the proper amount of La attd Y, there is finer microstructure in deposited metal, and mechanical properties are improved as well. The S content in deposited metal with added La and Y decreases by 44. 44 wt. % , while the P content 6. 67 wt. %, compared with that in deposited metal without La and II.展开更多
文摘This article deals with the influence of the partial substitution of bitumen by a mixture of sulphur and tyre and plastic bottle powders on the characterization of asphalt concrete. The approach adopted was to subject a control asphalt concrete to level 2 formulation tests as well as those modified at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by substituting bitumen with a mixture of tyre powder, plastic bottle powder and sulphur at 40%, 28% and 32% respectively. The results of the PCG, Duriez and rutting tests carried out on the control and modified bituminous concretes (manufactured using the wet process) revealed three (03) major findings, in particular with regard to workability, resistance to simple compression and rutting. The experimental results show an increasing trend in the essential parameters. At 40% substitution, there was a 22.73% increase in compactness, reflecting a significant improvement in the material’s workability. With regard to simple compressive strength, the increase is 34.02% at 40% substitution, highlighting the limitation of crack formation and propagation under heavy precipitation. With regard to rutting, the 16% drop in susceptibility at 40% substitution reflects a significant improvement in the behaviour of the material under dynamic mechanical stresses in heavy precipitation. The improvement in these behaviours results from the insertion of the plastic bottle powder into the interstices of the granular skeleton, thus reducing its cellular structure, and also from the interactions between the sulphur with the tyre powder and the sulphur with the plastic bottle powder, i.e. cross-linking or vulcanisation.
文摘The process of lignite desulphurization via its treatment by an oxidant(air or air–steam mixture)has been studied.The research objective was useful determination of steam application in oxidative lignite desulphurization.It has been proved that the water steam should be included in the oxidant composition to increase the hydrogen sulphide and combustible constituent content in the gases obtained during the processes under research.The impact of factors which affect the reactions between solid(in our case–lignite)and gaseous reagent(oxidant,i.e.air and or air–steam mixture)upon the research process has been investigated,if these reactions occur in the kinetic area.Such factors are linear rate of oxidant movement and coal grain size.The values of oxidant movement linear rate and coal grain size,which the reaction transfer from pyrite sulphur and organic content of lignite from diffusion into kinetic area occurs by,have been determined.Under these‘‘transfer’’conditions,the values of coefficients of oxidant mass transfer(β,m/s)as well as Sherwood criteria and boiling layer differences have been calculated.
文摘The oxidative desulphurization process of coal with different metamorphism degrees treated by an air-steam mixture has been studied.It has been shown that the pyrite present in black coal and anthracite is oxidized with the sulphur dioxide formation,and the process chemical mechanism does not depend on the quality of organic matter.The medium-metamorphized coal,capable of turning into a plastic state and cake in the range of investigated temperatures(350~450 ℃),is desulphurized with the greatest difficulty.The chemical mechanism dealing with the transformations of pyritic sulphur present in brown coal differs from similar processes taking place in black coal and anthracite,because FeS2 is converted with hydrogen sulphide formation at desulphurization.
基金Item Sponsored by National Key Fundamental Research Development Project of China(G1998061500)
文摘The experimental research on refining slag systems for ultra-low sulphur steel was carried out in a 10 kg induction furnace.It was proved that sulphur element in molten steel can be removed to less than 5×10^(-6) by adding CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-MgO-CaF_2 slag on the surface of molten steel and feeding CaO-BaO-CaF2 wire into molten steel.And L_s,which is the coefficient of sulphur between slag and molten steel,that is ω(s)/ω[s],increases by increasing I(I = ωBaO/ωCaO).When I=5/3,L_s can be up to its maximum of 633.The CaSi is effective for deep desulphurization,especially when it is added to the slag of wire feeding.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC No.20276009)Trans-century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission and Special Scientific Research Foundation of University Doctoral Program by the State Ministry of Education(No.20020141005).
文摘A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastness on silk.
基金partly funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG)under Project ID 390874152(POLiS Cluster of Excellence,EXC2154)。
文摘Lithium-sulphur(Li-S)batteries are currently considered as next-generation battery technology.Sulphur is an attractive positive electrode for lithium metal batteries,mainly due to its high capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1))and high specific energy(2600 Wh kg^(-1)).The electrochemical reaction of lithium with sulphur in non-aqueous electrolytes results in the formation of electrolyte soluble intermediate lithium-polysulphides.The dissolved polysulphides shuttle to the anode and get reduced at the anode resulting in Li metal corrosion.The solubility of polysulphide gradually reduces the amount of sulphur in the cathode,thereby limiting the cycle life of Li-S batteries.Several strategies have been proposed to improve the cycling stability of Li-S batteries.A unique approach to eliminate the polysulphide shuttle is to use ultramicroporous carbon(UMC)as a host for sulphur.The pore size of UMC which is below 7A,is the bottleneck for carbonate solvents to access sulphur/polysulphides confined in the pores,thereby preventing the polysulphide dissolution.This perspective article will emphasise the role of UMC host in directing the lithiation mechanism of sulphur and in inhibiting polysulphide dissolution,including the resulting parasitic reaction on the lithium anode.Further,the challenges that need to be addressed by UMC-S based Li-S batteries,and the strategies to realise high power density,high Coulombic efficiency,and resilient Li-S batteries will be discussed.
文摘Cs Rb V series low temperature sulphuric acid catalyst was prepared for the first time by using carbonized mother liquor containing alkali metal salts. The results show that the conversion of SO 2 on catalyst prepared directly with carbonized mother liquor could reach to 24.8% at 410?℃. If n (Na)/ n (V) was adjusted properly, the conversion of SO 2 could be increased to 35.6% at 410?℃. Refined carbonized mother liquor could make the catalytic activity even higher at low temperature, the conversion of SO 2 could be increased to 36.65% at 410?℃. The catalyst was examined with differential thermal analysis. It was found that both endothermic peaks and exothermic peaks of catalyst shifted forward obviously and the catalyst possessed higher activity at low temperature.
文摘The study reviews the process of oxidative desulphurization of high-sulphur Ukrainian lignite, which was performed by coal treatment using an air or air-steam mixture. In the process. sulphur-free fuel and tar from the decomposition of coal organic matter was obtained. Hence, the sulphur in the coal was converted inlo hydrogen sulphide. The coal desulphurization process is critical to power generatio n. power generation and technology, and tech no logy field of application. The coal desulphurization process ensures the maximum recovery of the highest content of sulphur and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in desulphurized gases at minimal energy costs. The process also enhances the maximum decomposition of tar and sulphur recovery (> 50%) during coal power generation. Based on smnniarized field studies, a block schematic diagram coupled with heat and material balances of the process was developed for the calculations. The application of the tech no logy at the first stage of coal combustion in thermal power plants will en able the utilizatio n of over 50% of recovered coal sulphur in the form of concentrated H2S or commercial elemental sulphur. This will, nevertheless, allow for a reduction of sulphur oxide pollution in the environment by at least 53%-56%. It has been suggested that the product of thermal decomposition of coal organic matter (tar) can be used as a componenl of fumace fuel oil or as a plasticizer of petroleum-based road bitumen.
文摘With the proper choice of the ion species present in the Panzhihua blast furnace slag, the sulphur partition ratio was calculated based on the ionization theory of the slag. It can be concluded that TiO_2 reacts as an acidtc oxide and the Panzhihua ore or concentrate cannot be treated as a semi-self-fluxing ore.
基金Project(51204210)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011AA061001)supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012BAC12B04)supported by the National Science&Technology During the12th Five-Year Plan Period,China
文摘In order to enhance the lead and zinc recovery from the refractory Pb-Zn oxide ore, a new technology was developed based on sulfidation roasting with sulphur by temperature gradient method. The solid-liquid reaction system was established and the sulfidation thermodynamics of lead and zinc carbonate was calculated with the software HSC 5.0. The effects of roasting temperature,molar ratio of sulphur to lead and zinc carbonate and reaction time in the first step roasting, and holding temperature and time in the second roasting on the sulfidation extent were studied at a laboratory-scale. The experimental results show that the sulfidation extents of lead and zinc are 96.50% and 97.29% under the optimal conditions, respectively, and the artificial galena, sphalerite and wurtzite were formed. By the novel sulfidizing process, it is expected that the sulphides can be recovered by conventional flotation technology.
文摘Leaching mechanism of acid roasted ore in the spodumene sulphuric acid process was investigated. Experimental results of leaching rates along with variations of leaching temperature in the acidized and neutral leaching processes were reported. Applying ion exchange mechanism in acidized roasting and absorption entrainment mechanism at high temperature, leaching mechanism was discussed. A better explanation of experimental results was given.
文摘The kinetics of dissolved O_2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions on copper surface was studied in naturally aerated and air and O_2-saturated 0.50 mol/L H_2SO_4 solutions using polarization measurements combined with the rotating disc electrode (RDE).The Koutecky-Levich plot indicated that the dissolved O_2 reduction at the copper electrode was an apparent four-electron process.A correlation between the presence of dissolved O_2 and the formation of Cu_2O,confirmed from XRD,was discussed. Ascorbic a...
基金Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project (G1999065009) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Composite layer with nitrocarbonide and sulfide was made on the surface of CrMoCu alloy cast iron by combined treatment of ion nitrocarburizing and sulphurizing. The composite layer is composed of sulfide layer, nitrocarbonide hypo-surface layer and its diffusing layer, the size of sulfide globular grains distributing equably on the surface is in nano-micron-scale, and the phase structure of the composite layer is composed of FeS, FeS1-x, Fe2C and Fe3N. Under oil lubrication, sulphurized surface shows good scuffing-resistance only under low velocity, and nitrocarburized and sulphurized surface greatly improves the scuffing-resistance and wear-resistance of CrMoCu alloy cast iron, its integrated friction and wear properties are better than those of the plain and sulphurized surfaces under all the velocities.
文摘Remarkable progress has been made in conjugated copoly-mer donors due to the development of novel fused-ring ac-ceptor(FRA)building units[1−15].The copolymers based on FRA units have delivered excellent power conversion efficien-cies(PCEs)up to 18.69%in organic solar cells(OSCs)[16].Fused-ring aromatic lactones are promising FRA units[17−19].
文摘The effects of composite supports of CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 on the methanation activity of supported Co-Mo-based sulphur-resistant catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were further characterized by nitrogen adsorption measurement, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst of 5%CoO-15%MoO3 supported on CeO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 or ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides, respectively, showed different catalytic performances of syngas methanation in the presence of hydrogen sulphide as compared with that of the 5%CoO-15%MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst. The Co-Mo/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst shows the highest methanation activity among the tested catalysts. The enhanced methanation activity may be attributed to the improvement of the dispersion of active metal species and the inhibition of the formation of S6+.
基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA03Z2370)
文摘Polycrystalline CuInS2 (CIS) films were prepared by sulphurization of Cu-In films. The surface morphology and phase composition of the as-grown film, the KCN-etched film, and the annealed KCN-etched film were investigated. During the sulphurization, the secondary CuxS phase segregated on the surface of the as-grown films. To improve the crystalline quality of CuInS2 films, a series of post-grown treatments, such as KCN-etching and vacuum annealing KCN-etched films, were performed on the as-grown films. Both as-grown and post-treated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that a CuxS secondary phase segregated on the surface of the as-grown film, which could be removed effectively by KCN etching. After the vacuum annealing treatment, the KCN-etched film had a sphalerite structure with (112) preferred orientation. Meanwhile, the crystalline quality of the CIS film was significantly improved, which provided a novel method to improve the performance of thin film solar cells.
文摘The low temperature ion sulphuration-an effective surface engineering technique for reducing friction and wear of rubbing-pairs was introduced. It involves the principle of ion sulphuration process, microstructure of FeS film on 1045 steel, tribological properties of FeS film on steels, microstructions and tribological properties of MoS2 and nano-FeS/MoS2 multi-layered films, as well as their applications.
文摘The chemical and electrochemical equilibria in the presence of gaseous phase were investigated. Many substances, which consisted of sulphur and chromium, were considered. Various thermodynamic equilibria were calculated in different pressures. Calculation results were shown as log p-1/T and E-T diagrams. These diagrams may be used to study the corrosion of chromium in sulphur-containing circumstances. The diagrams are also used to thermodynamically determine the existence area of various substances and so on.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No. 51305178) Xuzhou City Science and Technology Plan Projects (Grant No. XC12A013).
文摘In order to reduce sulphur ( S ) and phosphorus ( P ) impurities in deposited metal, a small amount of rare earth (RE) lanthanum ( La) and yttrium (Y) were added into the coating ofE4303 electrode, a low carbon steel electrode. The microstructures of deposited metal were analyzed with metalloscope, and then the content of S and P was examined by energy dispenive X-ray spectrometer ( EDXS ), and by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer for further examination. The results show that the proper addition of La and Y can be beneficial to the desulfurization and dephosphorization of the deposited metal. Certainly, difference in the addition amount of La and Y could lead to various desulfurization and dephosphorization efficiency, in which the former is more obvious than the latter. With the proper amount of La attd Y, there is finer microstructure in deposited metal, and mechanical properties are improved as well. The S content in deposited metal with added La and Y decreases by 44. 44 wt. % , while the P content 6. 67 wt. %, compared with that in deposited metal without La and II.