目的·探讨小鼠睾丸中SUMO特异肽酶3(SUMO specific peptidase3,SENP3,又称SUMO特异蛋白酶3)对自噬的调控作用。方法·采用免疫荧光法对SENP3在睾丸生精细胞和支持细胞(Sertoli cells,简称Sertoli细胞)中的定位进行检测。对Senp...目的·探讨小鼠睾丸中SUMO特异肽酶3(SUMO specific peptidase3,SENP3,又称SUMO特异蛋白酶3)对自噬的调控作用。方法·采用免疫荧光法对SENP3在睾丸生精细胞和支持细胞(Sertoli cells,简称Sertoli细胞)中的定位进行检测。对Senp3野生型(Senp3+/+)小鼠和Senp3基因敲除杂合子(Senp3+/-)小鼠进行饥饿处理,诱导自噬的发生。提取小鼠的睾丸组织蛋白质,采用Western blotting检测自噬的程度。利用透射电子显微镜技术、免疫荧光法检测睾丸组织切片中的细胞自噬,并区分睾丸生精细胞和Sertoli细胞自噬的程度。结果·SENP3主要定位于Sertoli细胞核。与Senp3+/+小鼠相比,Senp3+/-小鼠饥饿后,Sertoli细胞自噬增加。结论·SENP3能够抑制营养缺乏时Sertoli细胞自噬,可能对细胞自噬的程度发挥控制作用。展开更多
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during...Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during neuronal cell growth, development, and differentiation. It has not been reported whether SUMOs play a role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. To investigate any association between SUMOylation and potential neuroprotective effects during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, C57/BL mice were randomly divided into sham and experimental groups. The sciatic nerve was exposed only in the sham group. The experimental group underwent neurotomy and epineurial neurorrhaphy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results revealed different mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUM03 and UBC9 in sciatic nerve tissue (containing both 5 mm of proximal and distal stumps at the injury site) at various time points after injury. Compared with the sham group, protein levels of SUM01 and SUMO2/3 increased in both their covalent and free states after sciatic nerve injury in the experimental group, especially in the covalent state. UBC9 protein levels showed similar changes to those of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in the covalent states. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 immunopositivities were higher in the experimental group than in the sham group. Our results verified that during the repair of sciatic nerve injury, the mRNA and protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in injured nerve tissues changed in varying patterns and there were clear changes in the expression of SUMO-related proteins. These findings reveal that SUMOs possibly play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, China (approval No. TJWZXLL2018041) on November & 2018.展开更多
PIAS(protein inhibitor of activated STAT)蛋白家族能够与许多蛋白质发生相互作用,其中大部分为转录因子。通过相互作用,PIAS蛋白通过影响了蛋白的活性和功能,参与基因的转录调控和包括STAT(Signal transducer and activator of trans...PIAS(protein inhibitor of activated STAT)蛋白家族能够与许多蛋白质发生相互作用,其中大部分为转录因子。通过相互作用,PIAS蛋白通过影响了蛋白的活性和功能,参与基因的转录调控和包括STAT(Signal transducer and activator of transcription),Wnt,TGFβ,NF-κB等通路在内的细胞信号通路,具有重要的生理功能。PIAS蛋白的调控机制主要有两种:一种是通过其自身所具有的SUMO(small ubiquitin-related modifiers)E3连接酶活性,促进对一些转录因子、转录辅因子的化学修饰,尤其是SUMO化修饰,从而调控它们的转录活性;另一种是作为构架蛋白,为蛋白质之间的相互作用提供平台,促进细胞信号通路复合物或基因转录复合物中其它调节蛋白的去除和募集,并涉及到靶蛋白的亚核定位。同时,针对不同的靶蛋白,PIAS蛋白的上述两种作用机制并不是完全互相排斥的,这体现了PIAS蛋白功能的特异性和复杂性。本篇综述将就上述内容作一介绍。展开更多
PIAS(protein inhibitor of activated STAT)蛋白家族能够与许多蛋白质发生相互作用,其中大部分为转录因子。PIASx是4个组成成员中的一种,其包括两个亚型。PIASx通过与不同种类的蛋白相互作用,影响它们的活性和功能。PIASx蛋白的调控机...PIAS(protein inhibitor of activated STAT)蛋白家族能够与许多蛋白质发生相互作用,其中大部分为转录因子。PIASx是4个组成成员中的一种,其包括两个亚型。PIASx通过与不同种类的蛋白相互作用,影响它们的活性和功能。PIASx蛋白的调控机制主要有两种:一种是通过其自身所具有的SUMO(smallubiquitin-related modifiers)E3连接酶活性,促进对一些转录因子、转录辅因子的SUMO化修饰,从而调控它们的转录活性;另一种是作为构架蛋白,通过与雄激素受体的作用参与雄激素介导的基因转录调节。PIAS蛋白的上述两种作用机制并不是完全互相排斥的,这体现了PIASx蛋白功能的特异性和复杂性。展开更多
SUMOylation is an impo^ant post-translational modification process that regulates different cellular functions in eukaryotes. SIZ/PIAS-type SAP and Mizl (SIZ0 proteins exhibit SUMO E3 ligase activity, which modulates...SUMOylation is an impo^ant post-translational modification process that regulates different cellular functions in eukaryotes. SIZ/PIAS-type SAP and Mizl (SIZ0 proteins exhibit SUMO E3 ligase activity, which modulates SUMOylation. However, SIZI in tomato has been rarely investigated. In this study, a tomato SIZI gene (SISIZI) was isolated and its molecular characteristics and role in tolerance to drought stress are described. SISIZI was upregulated by cold, sodium chloride (NaCI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydrogen peroxide (H20~) and abscisic acid (ABA), and the corresponding proteins were localized in the nucleus. The expression of SISIZI in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) sizl-2 mutants partially complemented the phenotypes of dwarf, cold sensitivity and ABA hypersensitivity. SISIZI also exhibited the activity of SUMO E3 ligase to promote the accumulation of SUMO conjugates. Under drought stress, the ectopic expression of SISIZl in transgenic tobacco lines enhanced seed germination and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species..SISIZl overexpression conferred the plants with improved growth, high free proline content, minimal malondialdehyde accumulation and increased accumulation of SUMO conjugates. SISIZ1 is a functional homolog of Arabidopsis SIZ1 with SUMO E3 ligase activity. Therefore, overexpression of SISIZ1 enhanced the tolerance of transgenic tobacco to drought stress.展开更多
文摘目的·探讨小鼠睾丸中SUMO特异肽酶3(SUMO specific peptidase3,SENP3,又称SUMO特异蛋白酶3)对自噬的调控作用。方法·采用免疫荧光法对SENP3在睾丸生精细胞和支持细胞(Sertoli cells,简称Sertoli细胞)中的定位进行检测。对Senp3野生型(Senp3+/+)小鼠和Senp3基因敲除杂合子(Senp3+/-)小鼠进行饥饿处理,诱导自噬的发生。提取小鼠的睾丸组织蛋白质,采用Western blotting检测自噬的程度。利用透射电子显微镜技术、免疫荧光法检测睾丸组织切片中的细胞自噬,并区分睾丸生精细胞和Sertoli细胞自噬的程度。结果·SENP3主要定位于Sertoli细胞核。与Senp3+/+小鼠相比,Senp3+/-小鼠饥饿后,Sertoli细胞自噬增加。结论·SENP3能够抑制营养缺乏时Sertoli细胞自噬,可能对细胞自噬的程度发挥控制作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program),No.316781246(to DYZ)the Science and Technology Fund of Health Planning Commission of Binhai New Area of Tianjin of China,No.2011BHKY008,2012BWKZ002(to KY)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC1101600(to DYZ)
文摘Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during neuronal cell growth, development, and differentiation. It has not been reported whether SUMOs play a role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. To investigate any association between SUMOylation and potential neuroprotective effects during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, C57/BL mice were randomly divided into sham and experimental groups. The sciatic nerve was exposed only in the sham group. The experimental group underwent neurotomy and epineurial neurorrhaphy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results revealed different mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUM03 and UBC9 in sciatic nerve tissue (containing both 5 mm of proximal and distal stumps at the injury site) at various time points after injury. Compared with the sham group, protein levels of SUM01 and SUMO2/3 increased in both their covalent and free states after sciatic nerve injury in the experimental group, especially in the covalent state. UBC9 protein levels showed similar changes to those of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in the covalent states. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 immunopositivities were higher in the experimental group than in the sham group. Our results verified that during the repair of sciatic nerve injury, the mRNA and protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in injured nerve tissues changed in varying patterns and there were clear changes in the expression of SUMO-related proteins. These findings reveal that SUMOs possibly play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, China (approval No. TJWZXLL2018041) on November & 2018.
文摘PIAS(protein inhibitor of activated STAT)蛋白家族能够与许多蛋白质发生相互作用,其中大部分为转录因子。通过相互作用,PIAS蛋白通过影响了蛋白的活性和功能,参与基因的转录调控和包括STAT(Signal transducer and activator of transcription),Wnt,TGFβ,NF-κB等通路在内的细胞信号通路,具有重要的生理功能。PIAS蛋白的调控机制主要有两种:一种是通过其自身所具有的SUMO(small ubiquitin-related modifiers)E3连接酶活性,促进对一些转录因子、转录辅因子的化学修饰,尤其是SUMO化修饰,从而调控它们的转录活性;另一种是作为构架蛋白,为蛋白质之间的相互作用提供平台,促进细胞信号通路复合物或基因转录复合物中其它调节蛋白的去除和募集,并涉及到靶蛋白的亚核定位。同时,针对不同的靶蛋白,PIAS蛋白的上述两种作用机制并不是完全互相排斥的,这体现了PIAS蛋白功能的特异性和复杂性。本篇综述将就上述内容作一介绍。
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(2015CB150105)the Natural Science Foundation of China(31171474,31371553)
文摘SUMOylation is an impo^ant post-translational modification process that regulates different cellular functions in eukaryotes. SIZ/PIAS-type SAP and Mizl (SIZ0 proteins exhibit SUMO E3 ligase activity, which modulates SUMOylation. However, SIZI in tomato has been rarely investigated. In this study, a tomato SIZI gene (SISIZI) was isolated and its molecular characteristics and role in tolerance to drought stress are described. SISIZI was upregulated by cold, sodium chloride (NaCI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydrogen peroxide (H20~) and abscisic acid (ABA), and the corresponding proteins were localized in the nucleus. The expression of SISIZI in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) sizl-2 mutants partially complemented the phenotypes of dwarf, cold sensitivity and ABA hypersensitivity. SISIZI also exhibited the activity of SUMO E3 ligase to promote the accumulation of SUMO conjugates. Under drought stress, the ectopic expression of SISIZl in transgenic tobacco lines enhanced seed germination and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species..SISIZl overexpression conferred the plants with improved growth, high free proline content, minimal malondialdehyde accumulation and increased accumulation of SUMO conjugates. SISIZ1 is a functional homolog of Arabidopsis SIZ1 with SUMO E3 ligase activity. Therefore, overexpression of SISIZ1 enhanced the tolerance of transgenic tobacco to drought stress.