Influence of alkali metal superoxides on structure,electronic,and optical properties of Be_(12)O_(12) nanocage:Density functional theory study

The effect of alkali metal superoxides M_3O（M = Li,Na,K） on the electronic and optical properties of a Be_（12）O_（12） nanocage was studied by density functional theory（DFT） and time-dependent density functional theory（TD-DFT）.The energy gaps（Eg） of all configurations were calculated.Generally,the adsorption of alkali metal superoxides on the Be_（12）O_（12） nanocage causes a decrease of Eg.Electric dipole moment μ,polarizability α,and static first hyperpolarizability β were calculated and it was shown that the adsorption of alkali metal superoxides on Be_（12）O_（12） increases its polarizability.It was found that the absorption of M_3 O on Be_（12）O_（12） nanocluster improves its nonlinear optical properties.The highest first hyperpolarizability（β≈ 214000 a.u.） is obtained in the K_3O–Be_（12）O_（12）nanocluster.The TD-DFT calculations were performed to investigate the origin of the first hyperpolarizabilities and it was shown that a higher first hyperpolarizability belongs to the structure that has a lower transition energy.

Hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919)ameliorates functional deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice by activating the sigma-1 receptor for antioxidation

Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.

Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

NRF2 signaling cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:bridging the gap between promise and reality

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor neurons.Symptoms include muscle weakness and atrophy,spasticity,and progressive paralysis.Currently,there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and cure amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.The only two treatments actually approved,riluzole and edaravone,have shown mitigated beneficial effects.The difficulty to find a cure lies in the complexity and multifaceted pattern of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis.Among mechanisms,abnormal RNA metabolism,nucleocytoplasmic transport defects,accumulation of unfolded protein,and mitochondrial dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice versa.A potent therapeutic strategy will be to find molecules that break this vicious circle.Sharpening the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 has a multitarget profile controlling antioxidant defense,mitochondrial functioning,and inflammation.We here discuss the interest of developing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted clinical assays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Growing Development and Physiological Characteristics of Seeds Harvested Different Days after Pollination and Their 7-day Seedlings of Two Yellow-Seeded Cultivars of Brassica napus L.

This study aimed to understand the growing development and physiological characteristics of seeds harvested different days after pollination and the seedlings emerged from the seeds of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L..Two yellow-seeded cultivars‘Hongyuan 558’and‘Qinyou 806’were selected in this study,and 50 seeds were collected 30,35,and 40 d after pollination,respectively.The seeds were weighed and placed on filter paper for hydroponic experiments.The seed germination rate was determined 3-5 d later.The physiological indicators including superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured for the seeds harvested different days after pollination and the 7-day-seedlings emerged from the seeds.The results showed that the seed dry weights and germination rates of both‘Qinyou 806’and‘Hongyuan 558’increased as the days after pollination increased,especially 30-35 d after pollination.The germination rate and dry and fresh weights of the seeds showed no significant differences between the two cultivars,and almost all the seeds germinated 40 d after pollination.As the days after pollination increased,the SOD activities in the seeds of both cultivars first increased and then decreased,reaching their peaks 35 d after pollination,which may be related to encountering adverse stress.The POD activity in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’kept declining,and that of‘Hongyuan 558’first increased and then decreased,which may be related to the antioxidant mechanism and adaptive regulation.The CAT activities in the seeds of both cultivars first decreased and then increased.The MDA content in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’first decreased and then increased,while that of‘Hongyuan 558’kept reducing and was the highest in the seeds 30 d after pollination,which indicated‘Hongyuan 558’was mildly affected by the environment and had strong resistance.The activities of SOD and POD in the seedlings of two cultivars that were emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination became weakened,which may be related to their exposure to stress.The CAT activity in the seedlings of‘Hongyuan 558’was generally higher than that of‘Qinyou 806’,indicating that‘Hongyuan 558’had stronger stress resistance.The MDA content in the seedlings emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination showed a decreasing trend,indicating that the seedlings emerged from the seeds harvested at this stage had mild cell membrane damage and enhanced stress resistance.In conclusion,‘Hongyuan 558’had strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance.

Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

Research Progress on Synthesis of Superoxide Dismutase Mimics

Research on the synthesis of superoxide dismutase mimics by chemical and biologi-cal synthetic methods were reviewed.The advantages and limitations were analyzed.A prospect for the future development of superoxide dismutase mimics is proposed.

Effects of Hg^(2+) on Isozymes of Peroxidase,Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in Wheat Seedlings

[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.

Comparison of Superoxide Dismutase Isoenzymes in Three Shrimps

[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimental materials were used to measure SOD activities after pretreatment, meanwhile the differences in SOD isoenzymes from different materials were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). [Result] There are specific and histological differences in SOD activities of shrimps. With a similar electrophoresis pattern and migration rate, Penaeus japonicus and Litopenaeus vannamei showed remarkable differences with that of Procambarus clarkia. [Conclusion] The result showed the differences of cognation and origin of three shrimps.

Analysis of Amylase and Superoxide Dismutase Isozymes During the Germination Process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv Seeds

[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase（AMY） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, the expressions of AMY and SOD isozymes during seed germination process were analyzed. ~ Result] The main AMY bands remained strong during the whole peri- od and a new band A2 appeared in the middle and late period of seed germination. Some new SOD bands occurred at the early stage, then be- came weak or disappeared in the middle period, and band S6 became intense in the late peried. [ Conclusion.] The expression of AMY and SOD isozyme gene has temporal difference during germination of E. henryi Oliv seeds.

The Effects of Folium Perillae Extract on Blood Fat and Lipid per Oxidation of Rabbit with Hyperlipemia

[Objective] The preventive and therapeutic effects of Folium perillae extract （FPE） on hyperlipemia induced by feeding rabbit with high fat forage were observed. [Method] The high fat and cholesterol diet were adopted to create the hyperlipemia model of rabbit. The rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups which were NC（ normal control）group, HLM （high lipid model） group, LFPE, MFPE and HFPE group （low, middle, high dosage of FPE were 0.17 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg respectively）. The contents of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, MDA and the activity of SOD in serum were detected respectively. [ Result] The three FPE groups could decrease the contents of TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA significantly （P〈0.01） compared with these of HLM group, and the contents of HDL-C （P〈0.01） and the activity of SOD （P〈0.05 ） in serum was increased significantly. [Conclusion] FPE could regulate blood-fat and counteract lipid peroxidation.

Research on Sex and Tissue Differences in Isozymic Phenotype of Varicorhinus macrolepis through Isozyme Electrophoresis

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and biochemical staining method were used in this study for the analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH,E.C. 1.1.1.37) isozymes zymogram in 11 different types of tissues of male and female Varicorhinus macrolepis. It had been found for the first time that the phenotype of malate dehydrogenase (MDH),acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed difference between male and female V. macrolepis,and there was no difference among different individuals in the same sex. Therefore,the electrophoresis band of malate dehydrogenase,acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase could be used as an indicator for the identification of gender and tissues of V. macrolepis,which would provide basic data for the developmental genetics,variety improvement and directed breeding of V. macrolepis groups,thus facilitating the development and protection of this valuable fish species.

中西医结合治疗慢性高原性心脏病充血性心力衰竭15例

中西医结合治疗慢性高原性心脏病充血性心力衰竭１５例张德才，次仁布芷１９９１年１月～１９９６年１０月，我院采用中西医结合治疗慢性高原性心脏病充血性心力衰竭１５例，疗效满意，现报告如下。临床资料诊断标准符合我国高原病命名，分型及诊断标准［西藏医药杂志１９...

Physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration

A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.

Analysis on Activity of Immunity-related Enzymes in First Familiar Generation and Self Cross F1 of Platichthys stellatus Pallas

[Objective] The aim was to study the activity of immunity-related enzymes in each tissue of self cross F1 of Platichthys stellatus Pallas and first familiar generation of P.stellatus ♀×Verasper variegates ♂.[Method] The activity difference of three important non-specific immunity-related enzymes：acid phosphatase （ACP）,alkaline phosphatase （AKP） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） existed in muscle,liver,spleen and intestine of first familiar generation and self cross F1 of P.stellatus was compared.[Result] The activity of ACP and AKP in muscle,liver and intestine of first familiar generation was higher than that of self cross F1,while the activity of ACP and AKP in liver of first familiar generation showed no significant difference with that of self cross F1; the SOD activity decreased significantly in tissues expected for muscle.[Conclusion] The result had provided theoretic basis for the breeding of P.stellatus.

药物干预对原发性高血压血过氧化脂质、超氧化物歧化酶的影响

自由基在心血管病中的地位,引人瞩目。从自由基生物化学角度来探讨高血压发生、发展的病理生理过程,是高血压研究领域内的新课题。本室观察了原发性高血压患者血过氧化脂质(lipid peroxides,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,

黄芩苷对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肾损伤保护作用的研究

目的:探讨黄芩苷对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎相关性肾损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组)、重症急性胰腺炎相关性肾损伤组(M组)和黄芩苷治疗组(T组),各20只。用4%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射方法建立大鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型。造模成功后,T组经尾静脉持续(2 m L/h)注入5%黄芩苷0.2 m L/100 g,而SO组和M组予等量生理盐水。采用自动生化仪检测血清淀粉酶(AMY)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)水平,Western blotting法检测肾组织核因子相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、血红素加氧酶l(hemeoxygenase 1,HO-1)蛋白表达。结果:与SO组比较,M组的血清AMY、BUN、Cr的表达均明显升高,肾组织Nrf2、SOD、HO-1蛋白表达均的显著升高。与M组比较,T组的血清AMY、BUN、Cr的表达均明显下降,肾组织Nrf2、SOD、HO-1蛋白表达均明显降低。结论:黄芩苷对重症急性胰腺相关性肾损伤有良好保护作用,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2,上调SOD、HO-1蛋白的表达有关。

SOD-like Activities of Fifteen Constituents from Rhubarb

It is important to search for the ingredients with SOD—like activity present in Chinese traditional drugs.Four classes of constituents including fifteen compounds isolated from Chinese rhubarb were studied for their SOD-like activity by determining the percentage of scavenging effect of the superoxide radical anion (O2),(S％),The results showed that the SOD-like activities of four tanninoid compounds were stronger among which(—)-epi- catechin has the strongest SOD-like activity at lower concentrations:the activity of five stil- bene compounds is weaker:while chrysophanol-8-glucoside and desoxyrhaponticin have no SOD-like activity and,on the contrary.may promote the production of O_2^-

Enzyme Solutions and H_2O_2 on Somatic Embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. (Oleaceae)

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of treatments with three types of exogenous oxidase solutions and H2O2.solution on the somatic embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. （Oleaceae）. [Method] The immature zygotic cotyledons were treated with PPQ （polyphenol oxidase） solution, GQD （glucose oxidase） solution, SOD （superoxide dismutase） solution and H202 （hydrogen peroxide） at different concentrations to explore the effects on the growth, browning and somatic embryogenesis on cotyledon explants in the somatic embryogenesis of F. mandshurica. Through comparative analysis on the effects of different treatments on somatic embryogenesis of F. mandshurica, the relationship between explants browning and somatic embryogenesis was uncovered during the somatic embryogenesis of F. mandshurica. [Result] H2O2 treatment not only advanced the explants browning, but also inhibited the growth and somatic embryogenesis of explants; different concentrations of PPQ promoted the growth and browning of explants, as well as improving the incidence of somatic embryogenesis; both GOD and SOD treatment could raise the explants browning rate; when somatic embryogenesis of explants treated with enzyme solutions advanced, the incidence of somatic embryogenesis was low; however, when the disparity of the incidence of somatic embryogenesis between 30 and 60 d treatments reached its peak, the incidence of somatic embryogenesis was also high. [Conclusion] The results of this study provide basis for raising the incidence and improving the status of somatic embryogenesis of F. mandshurica, as well as optimizing the somatic embryogenesis system of F. mandshurica.

乌司他丁复合氧氟沙星对大鼠肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的影响

目的通过检测肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的变化,评价乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠肠黏膜的保护作用和安全性。方法 SD大鼠80只,采用经典盲肠打孔法制成脓毒症模型,随机均分为四组:空白对照组(C组)、氧氟沙星组(O组)、乌司他丁组(U组)和氧氟沙星加乌司他丁组(O+U组),每组再分为24 h和48 h两组。O组给予氧氟沙星8mg/kg,U组给予乌司他丁150 000 U,O+U组则同时给予氧氟沙星8 mg/kg和乌司他丁150 000 U,2次/d,连续2 d,C组给予生理盐水4 m l/kg作为对照。在治疗后24 h和48 h取大鼠肠组织观察肠黏膜的改变和MDA、SOD的变化。结果三组经过治疗的大鼠肠黏膜改变不如C组明显,MDA、SOD等指标均较对照组明显改善,治疗组中MDA明显降低,SOD明显升高,O组、U组与C组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),O+U组与C组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),O+U组与O组、U组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乌司他丁复合氧氟沙星能显著降低SOD消耗,增加SOD活性,减少MDA的产生,保护肠黏膜的屏障功能。