In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest a...In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.展开更多
This paper discusses the methods and process of Geographic Information System (GIS) applied in soil spatial analysis, involving the collection of soil spatial data that GIS required, spatial analysis method of soil nu...This paper discusses the methods and process of Geographic Information System (GIS) applied in soil spatial analysis, involving the collection of soil spatial data that GIS required, spatial analysis method of soil nutrient, land use, slope and exposure of geography, crop yield and other factors, and also including acquiring soil spatial information and creating thematic map, and so on. Taking Hengjing Town in Wuxian County of Jiangsu Province as a case study and the maximum income as a principle, and applying the GIS methods and their interrelated models, we have calculated the most optimized agricultural land and the possible maximum income of Hengjing Town. According to the method, we can rationally regulate local agricultural production, and put forward some scenarios for optimizing agricultural structure of Hengjing Town. The paper puts forward an evaluation method of land adaptability based on soil spatial analysis, and offers some research clews to optimize agricultural land use constitution, so the paper will be have important reference value for soil study.展开更多
Based on the village-level place names in Anhui Province,the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of place names were discussed from the aspects of culture and nature using thematic maps obtained with ...Based on the village-level place names in Anhui Province,the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of place names were discussed from the aspects of culture and nature using thematic maps obtained with the combination of kernel density estimation and mathematical statistics in GIS.The results showed that the place names of villages in Anhui Province are closely related to the local cultural landscape and natural landscape,and are the products of thousands of years of continuous exploration and cultural exchanges by local people.It not only reflects the relationship between place names and Anhui natural landform and cultural landscapes,but also combines them from different perspectives,reflecting the complexity and similarities of the formation of place names.展开更多
Electrification and sustainable energy uses are increasing in Papua New Guinea (PNG) over the last few decades. The bulk of PNG’s population (85%) lives in isolated and dispersed villages in the rural areas. Most of ...Electrification and sustainable energy uses are increasing in Papua New Guinea (PNG) over the last few decades. The bulk of PNG’s population (85%) lives in isolated and dispersed villages in the rural areas. Most of these isolated and dispersed areas are still yet to be connected to an electricity supply.?Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The study is focused on mapping of enriched renewable energy zones of the entire country. Different variables related to renewable, like surface albedo index, earth skin temperature, solar?insolation incident, and wind speed are used for this purpose. Three interpolation approaches,?like inverse distance weighted averaging, thin-plate smoothing splines, and kriging, are evaluated to interpolate all variables. Rating and weight sum overlay operation is applied to derive potential?renewable energy zones in this equatorial country. Results show that potential renewable energy distribution is high in Papua New Guinea on the March and September equinoxes. Yearly average distribution of renewable energy source variables is significantly higher in most areas of Manus, New?Ireland, North Solomon, West New Britain, Northern, Central and Milne Bay;a larger portion of East New Britain;the northern part of West and East Sepik, Central, Morobe and eastern part of Madang province. The potential renewable energy distribution data can help to establish sustainable energy production in the country.展开更多
The scope for environmental analysis constitutes a critical factor in recent times, yet demanding importance due to the concerns of environmental sustainability. The study aims at analysing the prospects of implementi...The scope for environmental analysis constitutes a critical factor in recent times, yet demanding importance due to the concerns of environmental sustainability. The study aims at analysing the prospects of implementing an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis in Israel. The study adopts an empirical study design to consider the multi-dimensional utilisation of an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis. The study considers the materials and methods of the GIS system modelling as well, consisting of satellite imagery, GPS-based location identification, Esri ArcGIS, CyberGIS, and BIM integration to present a comprehensive system for the environmental analysis of Israel. The results of the study indicate that the threats of natural disasters and climate change can be identified based on the synergy of spatial data within an integrated GIS modelling. In many cases, it is also used in collaboration with a BIM to ensure that planning and decision-making processes are sustainable, economically beneficial and environmentally considered. Thus, it is concluded that environmental analysis through the projection of visually represented satellite imagery within an integrated GIS with spatial configurations in Israel can minimise the conflicts between the infrastructural designs, human activities, and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Regional core cities are the growth poles for regional economic development, thus the issue about efficient urbanization pattern has always become a hot spot among researchers and policy makers. The Spatial Economy ca...Regional core cities are the growth poles for regional economic development, thus the issue about efficient urbanization pattern has always become a hot spot among researchers and policy makers. The Spatial Economy can be employed to improve it. Nevertheless, there actually exists an obvious gap between its theoretical models and the em- pirical simulation. To do so, this paper modifies the measurement of initial geographical advantages Stelder gave, and implements the empirical analyses of urban distribution in Zhejiang during the period of 1980–1990 by means of computer simulations in GIS environment. There are several interesting results achieved in this process. Firstly, given the values of parameters (transport cost is τ, substitution elasticity of manufacturing sector ρ, and income share of spending on manufacture δ), initial geographical advantages have the different impacts on urban systems, namely, urban locations, numbers and sizes over time across space. Secondly, the cities were distributed without any overlay in geo- graphical space, which makes the patterns of urbanization generate the largest possible economic efficiencies. Thirdly, the urban systems—the location, number and size of cities—from the simulation of the study area are suitable for the actual social and economic situations in the real world during the testing periods. Such results may have substantial implications for the policy how to choose the way of urbanization in a region.展开更多
GIS and GPS are used for the quantitative analysis of visual landscape impact of the old and new Cloud Valley Cableway in the Yellow Mountain.The results show that viewshed,quantity of visible sensitive scenic areas,a...GIS and GPS are used for the quantitative analysis of visual landscape impact of the old and new Cloud Valley Cableway in the Yellow Mountain.The results show that viewshed,quantity of visible sensitive scenic areas,and visible length from the tour routes of the new cableway are much smaller than those of the old one,so the new cableway has limited impact on visual landscapes of the scenic area,and basically meets the requirement of not damaging natural landscape features of the Yellow Mountain.GIS-and GPS-based spatial viewshed analysis methods have promising prospects in researches on landscape infl uence of scenic areas,and both of them are also signifi cant technical supports for the environmental protection verifi cation of construction projects in scenic areas.展开更多
Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere especially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yah＇an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of t...Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere especially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yah＇an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this research, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow requirement has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Additionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic development have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that： （1） According to the central streams in Yan＇an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m^3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3 （2） Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. （3） From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency.展开更多
The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City w...The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City was studied by using three algorithms (average nearest neighbor algorithm,kernel density estimation method and standard deviation ellipse method).The results show that the medical resources for epidemic prevention in the main urban area of Handan City are all in a state of agglomeration,but due to the different functions of different types of medical resources,their distribution range and distribution direction also show different characteristics.Therefore,the spatial balance of comprehensive medical resources in the main urban area of Handan City needs to be further improved.展开更多
文摘In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.
基金Under the auspices of the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KZCX1-SW-12-1-2,CXNIGLAS-A02-011,KZCX2-311).
文摘This paper discusses the methods and process of Geographic Information System (GIS) applied in soil spatial analysis, involving the collection of soil spatial data that GIS required, spatial analysis method of soil nutrient, land use, slope and exposure of geography, crop yield and other factors, and also including acquiring soil spatial information and creating thematic map, and so on. Taking Hengjing Town in Wuxian County of Jiangsu Province as a case study and the maximum income as a principle, and applying the GIS methods and their interrelated models, we have calculated the most optimized agricultural land and the possible maximum income of Hengjing Town. According to the method, we can rationally regulate local agricultural production, and put forward some scenarios for optimizing agricultural structure of Hengjing Town. The paper puts forward an evaluation method of land adaptability based on soil spatial analysis, and offers some research clews to optimize agricultural land use constitution, so the paper will be have important reference value for soil study.
文摘Based on the village-level place names in Anhui Province,the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of place names were discussed from the aspects of culture and nature using thematic maps obtained with the combination of kernel density estimation and mathematical statistics in GIS.The results showed that the place names of villages in Anhui Province are closely related to the local cultural landscape and natural landscape,and are the products of thousands of years of continuous exploration and cultural exchanges by local people.It not only reflects the relationship between place names and Anhui natural landform and cultural landscapes,but also combines them from different perspectives,reflecting the complexity and similarities of the formation of place names.
文摘Electrification and sustainable energy uses are increasing in Papua New Guinea (PNG) over the last few decades. The bulk of PNG’s population (85%) lives in isolated and dispersed villages in the rural areas. Most of these isolated and dispersed areas are still yet to be connected to an electricity supply.?Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The study is focused on mapping of enriched renewable energy zones of the entire country. Different variables related to renewable, like surface albedo index, earth skin temperature, solar?insolation incident, and wind speed are used for this purpose. Three interpolation approaches,?like inverse distance weighted averaging, thin-plate smoothing splines, and kriging, are evaluated to interpolate all variables. Rating and weight sum overlay operation is applied to derive potential?renewable energy zones in this equatorial country. Results show that potential renewable energy distribution is high in Papua New Guinea on the March and September equinoxes. Yearly average distribution of renewable energy source variables is significantly higher in most areas of Manus, New?Ireland, North Solomon, West New Britain, Northern, Central and Milne Bay;a larger portion of East New Britain;the northern part of West and East Sepik, Central, Morobe and eastern part of Madang province. The potential renewable energy distribution data can help to establish sustainable energy production in the country.
文摘The scope for environmental analysis constitutes a critical factor in recent times, yet demanding importance due to the concerns of environmental sustainability. The study aims at analysing the prospects of implementing an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis in Israel. The study adopts an empirical study design to consider the multi-dimensional utilisation of an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis. The study considers the materials and methods of the GIS system modelling as well, consisting of satellite imagery, GPS-based location identification, Esri ArcGIS, CyberGIS, and BIM integration to present a comprehensive system for the environmental analysis of Israel. The results of the study indicate that the threats of natural disasters and climate change can be identified based on the synergy of spatial data within an integrated GIS modelling. In many cases, it is also used in collaboration with a BIM to ensure that planning and decision-making processes are sustainable, economically beneficial and environmentally considered. Thus, it is concluded that environmental analysis through the projection of visually represented satellite imagery within an integrated GIS with spatial configurations in Israel can minimise the conflicts between the infrastructural designs, human activities, and environmental sustainability.
基金Under the auspices of Chinese Academy of Philosophy and Social Science (No. 04BJL052), Ministry of Construction of China (No. 06-R1-8)
文摘Regional core cities are the growth poles for regional economic development, thus the issue about efficient urbanization pattern has always become a hot spot among researchers and policy makers. The Spatial Economy can be employed to improve it. Nevertheless, there actually exists an obvious gap between its theoretical models and the em- pirical simulation. To do so, this paper modifies the measurement of initial geographical advantages Stelder gave, and implements the empirical analyses of urban distribution in Zhejiang during the period of 1980–1990 by means of computer simulations in GIS environment. There are several interesting results achieved in this process. Firstly, given the values of parameters (transport cost is τ, substitution elasticity of manufacturing sector ρ, and income share of spending on manufacture δ), initial geographical advantages have the different impacts on urban systems, namely, urban locations, numbers and sizes over time across space. Secondly, the cities were distributed without any overlay in geo- graphical space, which makes the patterns of urbanization generate the largest possible economic efficiencies. Thirdly, the urban systems—the location, number and size of cities—from the simulation of the study area are suitable for the actual social and economic situations in the real world during the testing periods. Such results may have substantial implications for the policy how to choose the way of urbanization in a region.
基金Sponsored by Anhui Soft Science Research Program(12020503053)
文摘GIS and GPS are used for the quantitative analysis of visual landscape impact of the old and new Cloud Valley Cableway in the Yellow Mountain.The results show that viewshed,quantity of visible sensitive scenic areas,and visible length from the tour routes of the new cableway are much smaller than those of the old one,so the new cableway has limited impact on visual landscapes of the scenic area,and basically meets the requirement of not damaging natural landscape features of the Yellow Mountain.GIS-and GPS-based spatial viewshed analysis methods have promising prospects in researches on landscape infl uence of scenic areas,and both of them are also signifi cant technical supports for the environmental protection verifi cation of construction projects in scenic areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771019 Innovation Foundation of Shaanxi Normal University
文摘Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere especially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yah＇an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this research, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow requirement has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Additionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic development have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that： （1） According to the central streams in Yan＇an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m^3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3 （2） Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. （3） From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency.
文摘The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City was studied by using three algorithms (average nearest neighbor algorithm,kernel density estimation method and standard deviation ellipse method).The results show that the medical resources for epidemic prevention in the main urban area of Handan City are all in a state of agglomeration,but due to the different functions of different types of medical resources,their distribution range and distribution direction also show different characteristics.Therefore,the spatial balance of comprehensive medical resources in the main urban area of Handan City needs to be further improved.
