Floral transition,which is referred to as a plant＇s transition from vegetative stage to reproductive stage,is considered to be a critical developmental switch in higher plants,for a timely flowering is a major factor...Floral transition,which is referred to as a plant＇s transition from vegetative stage to reproductive stage,is considered to be a critical developmental switch in higher plants,for a timely flowering is a major factor of reproductive success.Endogenous and environmental cues,such as photoperiod,light quality,plant hormones concentrations and temperature,provide information to the plants whether the environment is favorable for flowering.These cues promote,or prevent,flowering through a complex genetic network,mediated by a careful orchestration of temporal and spatial gene expression.One of such cues is photoperiod.Rice（Oryza sativa L.） serves as a powerful model species for the understanding of flowering in higher plants,including flower development and photoperiodic control of flowering.In this review,we overviewed and discussed the flower development and its model.We also overviewed the photoperiodic pathways in rice flowering control,and summarized the pathways at molecular level.展开更多
植物FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER1(FT/TFL1)基因家族是一个进化上高度保守的基因家族,它在植物的花发育过程中具有重要作用:其成员FT基因编码的蛋白产物是可以长距离转运的成花激素,在花形成过程中起关键作用;另一成员TFL1基因...植物FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER1(FT/TFL1)基因家族是一个进化上高度保守的基因家族,它在植物的花发育过程中具有重要作用:其成员FT基因编码的蛋白产物是可以长距离转运的成花激素,在花形成过程中起关键作用;另一成员TFL1基因则在花序的形成和维持过程中起重要作用.本文就近年来国内外对植物FT/TFL1基因家族的结构、成员,以及各个成员在花发育转换过程中的功能等研究现状进行综述,并对该基因家族的研究前景提出展望.展开更多
SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)相关基因在很多植物中参与调控开花时间、花序形态建成。高温促进中国水仙的花芽分化,但内在的分子机制还知之甚少。本研究从中国水仙中克隆了一个SVP类似基因NSVP2,RT-PCR结果表明,该基因在叶片、鳞片、茎...SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)相关基因在很多植物中参与调控开花时间、花序形态建成。高温促进中国水仙的花芽分化,但内在的分子机制还知之甚少。本研究从中国水仙中克隆了一个SVP类似基因NSVP2,RT-PCR结果表明,该基因在叶片、鳞片、茎端和花芽中都有表达。拟南芥异源表达分析显示,在拟南芥svp突变体及野生型Col中过量表达NSVP2基因对莲座叶数目影响都不大,但svp突变体背景下过量表达NSVP2增加了花序分枝,也导致异常花的出现。这些结果说明NSVP2虽然不影响拟南芥的开花时间,但与SVP功能类似的是,对花和花序形态有明显的影响,它可能参与花发育的调控。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed wit...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed with enhancers and blockers of H2O2 and NO to analyze dynamic changes of flower development and API expression. [ Result] The expression level of API gene in off-season longan was improved during flower development. SNP and MV treatments up-regulated the expression level of API gene in leaves and terminal buds to varying degrees during lateral primordium formation. Especially, SNP treatment exhibited the most remark-able effect. DMTU treatment significantly inhibited the expression of AP1 gene in leaves and terminal buds during lateral primordium formation. L-NNA treatment slightly inhibited the expression of API gene in leaves and exerted no significant effect on expression of AP1 gene in terminal buds. [ Conclusion] It can be specu-lated that the enhancement of NO and H2O2 signals is conducive to flower development of off-season longan, while blocking H2O2 signals may inhibit flower develop-ment of off-season longan.展开更多
SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)是抑制植物开花的重要调控因子,属于MADS-box基因家族,在调控植物的成花时间、花发育以及休眠等方面扮演着非常重要的角色。SVP受光照和温度等外界环境条件的影响,参与花分生组织的形成,但在不同物种中其表...SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)是抑制植物开花的重要调控因子,属于MADS-box基因家族,在调控植物的成花时间、花发育以及休眠等方面扮演着非常重要的角色。SVP受光照和温度等外界环境条件的影响,参与花分生组织的形成,但在不同物种中其表达模式和功能存在差异。在植物开花途径中,SVP通过抑制开花整合子因子SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)、FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)、LEAFY(LFY)等基因的表达,从而调控植物的开花时间。本综述国内外对SVP及其同源基因的结构功能表达模式的最新研究进展进行综述,并结合SVP基因的研究现状提出未来的研究方向。展开更多
MADS box proteins play an important role in floral development. To find genes involved in the floral transition of Prunus species, cDNAs for two MADS box genes, PpMADS1 and PpMADSIO, were cloned using degenerate prime...MADS box proteins play an important role in floral development. To find genes involved in the floral transition of Prunus species, cDNAs for two MADS box genes, PpMADS1 and PpMADSIO, were cloned using degenerate primers and 5＇- and T-RACE based on the sequence database of P. persiea and P. duleis. The full length of PpMADS1 cDNA is 1,071 bp containing an open reading frame （ORF） of 717 bp and coding for a polypeptide of 238 amino acid residues. The full length of PpMADSIO cDNA is 937 bp containing an ORF of 633 bp and coding for a polypeptide of 210 amino acid residues. Sequence comparison revealed that PpMADS1 and PpMADSIO were highly homologous to genes API and PI in Arabidopsis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PpMADS1 belongs to the euAP1 clade of class A, and PpMADSIO is a member of GLO/PI clade of class B. RT-PCR analysis showed that PpMADS1 was expressed in sepal, petal, carpel, and fruit, which was slightly different from the expression pattern ofAPl; PpMADS10 was expressed in petal and stamen, which shared the same expression pattern as PI. Using selective mapping strategy, PpMADSI was assigned onto the Binl：50 on the G1 linkage group between the markers MCO44 and TSA2, and PpMADSIO onto the Bin1：73 on the same linkage group between the markers Lap- 1 and FGA8. Our results provided the basis for further dissection of the two MADS box gene function.展开更多
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1(SOC1)在拟南芥中被证实为调节花芽发育的关键因子。胡桃楸是一种重要的木本油料果材兼用树种,其雌雄异型异熟的开花特性未知。为探索SOC1基因在胡桃楸雌雄异型花芽发育过程的调控作用及促...SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1(SOC1)在拟南芥中被证实为调节花芽发育的关键因子。胡桃楸是一种重要的木本油料果材兼用树种,其雌雄异型异熟的开花特性未知。为探索SOC1基因在胡桃楸雌雄异型花芽发育过程的调控作用及促进早花的分子机制,利用胡桃楸花芽转录组数据获取SOC1基因CDS序列,通过PCR扩增技术克隆出SOC1基因的cDNA序列全长,并对其进行生物学信息分析;同时,利用qRT-PCR方法对SOC1基因在胡桃楸不同器官组织以及雌雄先型雌雄花芽不同发育时期的表达情况进行定量分析。结果表明:胡桃楸成花相关JmSOC1基因cDNA序列全长为705 bp,编码234个氨基酸;生物信息学分析得出JmSOC1蛋白分子量为21569.04 Da;理论等电点(pI)值为8.3。qRT-PCR定量表达分析显示,JmSOC1基因在雌雄花蕾、果实、叶和茎中均有表达,但在雌雄花芽中表达量较高,且在雌花中表达量最高;并且在生理分化期时的雌雄花芽表达量趋于平稳,而到形态分化期时雌雄花芽表达量呈递增趋势,且表达量明显高于生理分化期。因此,推测JmSOC1基因参与了胡桃楸雌雄花芽发育的全过程,在开花过程中起着重要的调控作用。研究结果为进一步探索胡桃楸花芽发育的分子机制奠定了基础。展开更多
FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)亚家族在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。为探究毛竹FT基因的表达特性及生物学功能,本研究通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)从毛竹中克隆到1个FT同源基因PheFT12a,该基因编码区序列长度为522 bp,包含典型的4个外显子和3...FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)亚家族在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。为探究毛竹FT基因的表达特性及生物学功能,本研究通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)从毛竹中克隆到1个FT同源基因PheFT12a,该基因编码区序列长度为522 bp,包含典型的4个外显子和3个内含子,编码173个氨基酸,编码蛋白包含完整的磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(PEBP)结构域。系统进化树分析结果显示,PheFT12a与水稻(Oryza sativa)OsFTL12的亲缘关系最近,与OsFTL2(Hd3a)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)FT的亲缘关系相对较远。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果显示,PheFT12a基因在毛竹实生苗叶片中表达最高,茎次之。亚细胞定位结果显示,PheFT12a蛋白定位于细胞核和细胞质,主要富集于细胞核。转化拟南芥ft突变体表型结果显示,PheFT12a能明显回补ft突变体的晚花表型,可提高回补植株的主茎数和侧枝数。本研究为进一步分析PheFT12a的生物学功能提供了参考依据,并为毛竹开花及芽发育的分子机制提供了基础资料。展开更多
基金funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program fromthe Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No. 2010AA101806)the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No. OPP51587)
文摘Floral transition,which is referred to as a plant＇s transition from vegetative stage to reproductive stage,is considered to be a critical developmental switch in higher plants,for a timely flowering is a major factor of reproductive success.Endogenous and environmental cues,such as photoperiod,light quality,plant hormones concentrations and temperature,provide information to the plants whether the environment is favorable for flowering.These cues promote,or prevent,flowering through a complex genetic network,mediated by a careful orchestration of temporal and spatial gene expression.One of such cues is photoperiod.Rice（Oryza sativa L.） serves as a powerful model species for the understanding of flowering in higher plants,including flower development and photoperiodic control of flowering.In this review,we overviewed and discussed the flower development and its model.We also overviewed the photoperiodic pathways in rice flowering control,and summarized the pathways at molecular level.
文摘植物FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER1(FT/TFL1)基因家族是一个进化上高度保守的基因家族,它在植物的花发育过程中具有重要作用:其成员FT基因编码的蛋白产物是可以长距离转运的成花激素,在花形成过程中起关键作用;另一成员TFL1基因则在花序的形成和维持过程中起重要作用.本文就近年来国内外对植物FT/TFL1基因家族的结构、成员,以及各个成员在花发育转换过程中的功能等研究现状进行综述,并对该基因家族的研究前景提出展望.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-33-25)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2O2 and NO on flower development and 4P1 gene expression of off-season longan. [Meth-od ]Nine-year-old off-season Chuliang longan was sprayed with enhancers and blockers of H2O2 and NO to analyze dynamic changes of flower development and API expression. [ Result] The expression level of API gene in off-season longan was improved during flower development. SNP and MV treatments up-regulated the expression level of API gene in leaves and terminal buds to varying degrees during lateral primordium formation. Especially, SNP treatment exhibited the most remark-able effect. DMTU treatment significantly inhibited the expression of AP1 gene in leaves and terminal buds during lateral primordium formation. L-NNA treatment slightly inhibited the expression of API gene in leaves and exerted no significant effect on expression of AP1 gene in terminal buds. [ Conclusion] It can be specu-lated that the enhancement of NO and H2O2 signals is conducive to flower development of off-season longan, while blocking H2O2 signals may inhibit flower develop-ment of off-season longan.
文摘SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)是抑制植物开花的重要调控因子,属于MADS-box基因家族,在调控植物的成花时间、花发育以及休眠等方面扮演着非常重要的角色。SVP受光照和温度等外界环境条件的影响,参与花分生组织的形成,但在不同物种中其表达模式和功能存在差异。在植物开花途径中,SVP通过抑制开花整合子因子SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)、FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)、LEAFY(LFY)等基因的表达,从而调控植物的开花时间。本综述国内外对SVP及其同源基因的结构功能表达模式的最新研究进展进行综述,并结合SVP基因的研究现状提出未来的研究方向。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30500395)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Projects)of China(No.2006AA10Z130 and 2006AA100108-3-7).
文摘MADS box proteins play an important role in floral development. To find genes involved in the floral transition of Prunus species, cDNAs for two MADS box genes, PpMADS1 and PpMADSIO, were cloned using degenerate primers and 5＇- and T-RACE based on the sequence database of P. persiea and P. duleis. The full length of PpMADS1 cDNA is 1,071 bp containing an open reading frame （ORF） of 717 bp and coding for a polypeptide of 238 amino acid residues. The full length of PpMADSIO cDNA is 937 bp containing an ORF of 633 bp and coding for a polypeptide of 210 amino acid residues. Sequence comparison revealed that PpMADS1 and PpMADSIO were highly homologous to genes API and PI in Arabidopsis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PpMADS1 belongs to the euAP1 clade of class A, and PpMADSIO is a member of GLO/PI clade of class B. RT-PCR analysis showed that PpMADS1 was expressed in sepal, petal, carpel, and fruit, which was slightly different from the expression pattern ofAPl; PpMADS10 was expressed in petal and stamen, which shared the same expression pattern as PI. Using selective mapping strategy, PpMADSI was assigned onto the Binl：50 on the G1 linkage group between the markers MCO44 and TSA2, and PpMADSIO onto the Bin1：73 on the same linkage group between the markers Lap- 1 and FGA8. Our results provided the basis for further dissection of the two MADS box gene function.
文摘SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1(SOC1)在拟南芥中被证实为调节花芽发育的关键因子。胡桃楸是一种重要的木本油料果材兼用树种,其雌雄异型异熟的开花特性未知。为探索SOC1基因在胡桃楸雌雄异型花芽发育过程的调控作用及促进早花的分子机制,利用胡桃楸花芽转录组数据获取SOC1基因CDS序列,通过PCR扩增技术克隆出SOC1基因的cDNA序列全长,并对其进行生物学信息分析;同时,利用qRT-PCR方法对SOC1基因在胡桃楸不同器官组织以及雌雄先型雌雄花芽不同发育时期的表达情况进行定量分析。结果表明:胡桃楸成花相关JmSOC1基因cDNA序列全长为705 bp,编码234个氨基酸;生物信息学分析得出JmSOC1蛋白分子量为21569.04 Da;理论等电点(pI)值为8.3。qRT-PCR定量表达分析显示,JmSOC1基因在雌雄花蕾、果实、叶和茎中均有表达,但在雌雄花芽中表达量较高,且在雌花中表达量最高;并且在生理分化期时的雌雄花芽表达量趋于平稳,而到形态分化期时雌雄花芽表达量呈递增趋势,且表达量明显高于生理分化期。因此,推测JmSOC1基因参与了胡桃楸雌雄花芽发育的全过程,在开花过程中起着重要的调控作用。研究结果为进一步探索胡桃楸花芽发育的分子机制奠定了基础。
