In pursuit of high-precision beam position measurements at micrometers or submicrometers for the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) facility which is under construction in the vicinity of the Shanghai Sync...In pursuit of high-precision beam position measurements at micrometers or submicrometers for the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) facility which is under construction in the vicinity of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,a high Q cavity beam position monitor(CBPM) with a resonant frequency of4.7 GHz is developed by the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,and the relevant BPM electronics with a dedicated RF front end,and a digital BPM,are completed.The cavity design,cold test,system architecture,and first beam test are performed at the Shanghai deep ultraviolet free-electron laser(Zhao et al.in Nucl Instrum Meth A 528(1-2):591-594,2004.doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.108) facility.Results of the beam experiment show that the performance of the CBPM is consistent with basic expectations,and the beam position resolution can fulfill the requirements for the SXFEL project if the beam conditions are optimized.展开更多
A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) system,based on electro-optical intensity modulation scheme, is under study at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser.The aim of the study is to achieve high-precision time measureme...A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) system,based on electro-optical intensity modulation scheme, is under study at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser.The aim of the study is to achieve high-precision time measurement for minimizing bunch fluctuations. A readout electronics is developed to fulfill the requirements of the BAM system. The readout electronics is mainly composed of a signal conditioning circuit, field-programmable gate array(FPGA), mezzanine card(FMC150), and powerful FPGA carrier board. The signal conditioning circuit converts the laser pulses into electrical pulse signals using a photodiode. Thereafter, it performs splitting and low-noise amplification to achieve the best voltage sampling performance of the dual-channel analog-to-digital converter(ADC) in FMC150. The FMC150 ADC daughter card includes a 14-bit 250 Msps dual-channel high-speed ADC,a clock configuration, and a management module. The powerful FPGA carrier board is a commercial high-performance Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA evaluation board. To achieve clock and data alignment for ADC data capture at a high sampling rate, we used ISERDES, IDELAY, and dedicated carry-in resources in the Kintex-7 FPGA. This paper presents a detailed development of the readout electronics in the BAM system and its performance.展开更多
A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch st...A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch stability. The BAM uses a radio frequency signal generated by a pickup cavity to modulate the reference laser pulses in an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOM), and the bunch arrival-time information is derived from the amplitude change of the laser pulse after laser pulse modulation.EOM is a key optical component in the BAM system.Through the basic principle analysis of BAM, many parameters of the EOM are observed to affect the measurement resolution of the BAM system. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the EOM is crucial. In this paper, we present two schemes to compare and analyze an EOM and provide a reference for selecting a new version of the EOM.展开更多
Besides the original seeded undulator line,in the soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) user facility in Shanghai,a second undulator line based on self-amplified spontaneous emission is proposed to achieve 2-nm laser ...Besides the original seeded undulator line,in the soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) user facility in Shanghai,a second undulator line based on self-amplified spontaneous emission is proposed to achieve 2-nm laser pulse with extremely high brightness.In this paper,the beam energy deviation induced by the undulator wakefields is numerically calculated,and 3D and 2D results agree well with each other.The beam energy loss along the undulator degrades the expected FEL output performances,i.e.,the pulse energy,radiation power and spectrum,which can be compensated with a proper taper in the undulator.Using the planned time-resolved diagnostic,a novel experiment is proposed to measure the SXFEL longitudinal wakefields.展开更多
High brightness γ-rays produced by laser Compton scattering(LCS) are ideal probes for the study of nucleon and nuclear structure. We propose such a γ-ray source using the backscattering of a laser from the bright el...High brightness γ-rays produced by laser Compton scattering(LCS) are ideal probes for the study of nucleon and nuclear structure. We propose such a γ-ray source using the backscattering of a laser from the bright electron beam produced by the linac of the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-electron Laser(SXFEL) test facility at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics(SINAP). The performance is optimized through theoretical analysis and benchmarked with 4D Monte-Carlo simulations. The peak brightness of the source is expected to be larger than2 × 1022photons/(mm2mrad2s 0.1%BW) and photon energy ranges from 3.7 Me V to 38.9 Me V. Its performance, compared to Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP), and the Shanghai Laser-Electron Gamma-ray Source(SLEGS), is given. The potential for basic and applied research is also briefly outlined.展开更多
针对自由电子激光装置(Free Electron Laser,FEL)对束流位置测量的需求,研制了可同时用于条带束流位置检测器(Stripline Beam Position Monitor,SBPM)和腔式束流位置检测器(Cavity Beam Position Monitor,CBPM)信号处理的数字化束流位...针对自由电子激光装置(Free Electron Laser,FEL)对束流位置测量的需求,研制了可同时用于条带束流位置检测器(Stripline Beam Position Monitor,SBPM)和腔式束流位置检测器(Cavity Beam Position Monitor,CBPM)信号处理的数字化束流位置信号处理器(Digital Beam Position Measurement processor,DBPM)。该处理器为一体化的嵌入式结构,以现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)为系统核心,采用分布式的实验物理及工业控制系统(Experiment Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)进行远程数据交互。处理器对SBPM和CBPM系统的测试分辨率在0.5 n C流强时分别达到4μm和0.4μm,达到设计指标,成功应用于大连相干光源(Dalian Coherent Light Source,DCLS),并将应用于上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai X-ray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL),是国内首台自主研制成功并实现工程应用的DBPM处理器。展开更多
In this article, we present the promise of a new method generating double electron pulses in picosecondscale pulse length and tunable interpulse spacing at several picoseconds. This has witnessed an impressive potenti...In this article, we present the promise of a new method generating double electron pulses in picosecondscale pulse length and tunable interpulse spacing at several picoseconds. This has witnessed an impressive potential of application in pump–probe techniques, two-color X-ray free electron laser, high-gradient witness bunch acceleration in a plasma, etc. Three-dimensional simulations are carried out to analyze the dynamic of the electron beam in a linear accelerator. Comparisons are made between the new method and existing ways.展开更多
Phase space is one of the most important parameters used to describe beam properties. Computer tomography, as a method for reconstructing phase space and measuring beam emittance, has been used in many accelerators ov...Phase space is one of the most important parameters used to describe beam properties. Computer tomography, as a method for reconstructing phase space and measuring beam emittance, has been used in many accelerators over the past few decades. In this paper, we demonstrate a transverse phase space reconstruction study in the Shanghai soft X-ray free electron laser facility. First,we discuss the basic principles of phase space reconstruction and the advantage of reconstructing beam distribution in normalized phase space. Then, the phase space reconstruction results by different computer tomography methods based on the maximum entropy(MENT) algorithm and the filtered back projection algorithm in normalized phase space are presented. The simulation results indicate that,with proper configuration of the phase advance between adjacent screens, the MENT algorithm is feasible and has good efficiency. The beam emittance and Twiss parameters are also calculated using the reconstructed phase space.展开更多
To achieve high-efficiency operation of the highgain free-electron laser(FEL),the electron beams and radiated photon beams need to be overlapped precisely and pass through the entire undulator section.Therefore,a high...To achieve high-efficiency operation of the highgain free-electron laser(FEL),the electron beams and radiated photon beams need to be overlapped precisely and pass through the entire undulator section.Therefore,a high-resolution beam-position monitor(BPM)is required.A cavity BPM(CBPM)with a resonant cavity structure was developed and used in the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL(SXFEL)test facility and can achieve a position resolution of<1μm.The construction and operation of the SXFEL user facility also bring about higher requirements for beamposition measurement.In this case,the factors that affect the performance of the CBPM system were further analyzed.These included the amplitude and phase stability of the local oscillator,stability of the trigger signal,performance of the radio frequency front-end,signal processing electronics,and signal processing algorithms.Based on the upgrade and optimization of the system,a beam test platform was built at the end of the linear acceleration section of the SXFEL,and the experimental results show that the position resolution of the system can reach 177 nm at a bunch charge of 500 pC,and the dynamic range is controlled within±300μm,and the relative measurement uncertainty of the bunch charge can reach 0.021%,which are significant improvements compared to the attributes of the previous system.展开更多
上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL)需1个分辨率达到亚μm量级的束流位置测量系统,并采用基于束流准直的方法实现波荡器段电子束与光子束的紧密重合。为此设计研制了1个由C波段腔式探头、单...上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL)需1个分辨率达到亚μm量级的束流位置测量系统,并采用基于束流准直的方法实现波荡器段电子束与光子束的紧密重合。为此设计研制了1个由C波段腔式探头、单路混频至低中频的射频前端以及自主研发的专用数字信号束流位置处理器(digital beam position monitor processor,DBPM)构成的腔式束流位置测量(cavity beam position monitor,CBPM)系统。本文对系统的设计、软硬件结构、系统搭建进行了介绍,并基于漂移段搭建的3个紧邻的CBPM阵列完成了在线系统性能评估。束流实验结果表明,在束团电荷量为500 pC、系统动态范围在±800μm的条件下,位置分辨率可达880 nm,这也是国内首次研制成功可在线运行的具有亚μm位置分辨率的CBPM系统。此外,采用CBPM的相位腔进行相对束团电荷量、束团到达时间的测量,其性能评估结果也均优于SXFEL设计要求。展开更多
减方差技术是辐射防护、核医学、核探井等应用领域中解决深穿透问题的常用方法。当前减方差技术的研究基本基于简单理论几何模型,缺少在实际复杂模型上的讨论,本文以实际应用的电子辐照加速器整体系统为研究的几何模型,以屏蔽后的剂量...减方差技术是辐射防护、核医学、核探井等应用领域中解决深穿透问题的常用方法。当前减方差技术的研究基本基于简单理论几何模型,缺少在实际复杂模型上的讨论,本文以实际应用的电子辐照加速器整体系统为研究的几何模型,以屏蔽后的剂量为计算目标。比较了电子和不同辐照物质相互作用时产生次级光子能量谱和方向谱的差异,并以蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)为平台详细研究对比了几何分裂、源偏倚、指数衰减、分步输运、DXTRAN球和权窗等常见减方差技术在单独使用和不同组合使用下的实际效果,评估了具有实用性减方差技术的选择和组合。结果表明:辐照物质对次级光子的方向谱影响很大,出于建模有效性考虑,几何模型应尽量贴合实际,不能过分简化;分步输运和源偏倚相比于其它常规减方差技术可以更好地降低计算误差,它们和几何分裂、DXTRAN球和指数衰减组合使用时,可以进一步降低计算误差,有效提高结果的可信度;权窗相对于常规减方差技术具有更好的计算效率和客观性,以权窗、分步输运和源偏倚为基础,再组合其他减方差技术,可以很好地解决实际应用中复杂模型的深穿透问题。展开更多
A balanced optical microwave phase detector(BOMPD) based on a 3 × 3 coupler is presented. This system was developed to extract ultra-low-jitter microwave signals from optical pulse trains emitted by mode-locked E...A balanced optical microwave phase detector(BOMPD) based on a 3 × 3 coupler is presented. This system was developed to extract ultra-low-jitter microwave signals from optical pulse trains emitted by mode-locked Er-fiber lasers, and synchronized microwave and laser systems. We demonstrate that the BOMPD achieves a precision of synchronization of less than 100 femtosecond of timing jitter. The experimental setup can be applied to the soft X-ray free-electron laser located on the campus of the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility. A microwave signal with a 2.856 GHz frequency is extracted from a238 MHz mode-locked Er-laser, with an absolute timing jitter of 34 fs in the 10 Hz–10 MHz frequency offset range.In addition, the microwave and 238 MHz optical pulse signals are synchronized with a relative timing jitter of16 fs at the same frequency offset range.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11575282 and 11305253)
文摘In pursuit of high-precision beam position measurements at micrometers or submicrometers for the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) facility which is under construction in the vicinity of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,a high Q cavity beam position monitor(CBPM) with a resonant frequency of4.7 GHz is developed by the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,and the relevant BPM electronics with a dedicated RF front end,and a digital BPM,are completed.The cavity design,cold test,system architecture,and first beam test are performed at the Shanghai deep ultraviolet free-electron laser(Zhao et al.in Nucl Instrum Meth A 528(1-2):591-594,2004.doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.108) facility.Results of the beam experiment show that the performance of the CBPM is consistent with basic expectations,and the beam position resolution can fulfill the requirements for the SXFEL project if the beam conditions are optimized.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan(No.2016YFA0401900)
文摘A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) system,based on electro-optical intensity modulation scheme, is under study at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser.The aim of the study is to achieve high-precision time measurement for minimizing bunch fluctuations. A readout electronics is developed to fulfill the requirements of the BAM system. The readout electronics is mainly composed of a signal conditioning circuit, field-programmable gate array(FPGA), mezzanine card(FMC150), and powerful FPGA carrier board. The signal conditioning circuit converts the laser pulses into electrical pulse signals using a photodiode. Thereafter, it performs splitting and low-noise amplification to achieve the best voltage sampling performance of the dual-channel analog-to-digital converter(ADC) in FMC150. The FMC150 ADC daughter card includes a 14-bit 250 Msps dual-channel high-speed ADC,a clock configuration, and a management module. The powerful FPGA carrier board is a commercial high-performance Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA evaluation board. To achieve clock and data alignment for ADC data capture at a high sampling rate, we used ISERDES, IDELAY, and dedicated carry-in resources in the Kintex-7 FPGA. This paper presents a detailed development of the readout electronics in the BAM system and its performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan(No.2016YFA0401900)
文摘A bunch arrival-time monitor(BAM) based on an electro-optical intensity modulation scheme is currently under development at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser to meet the high-resolution requirements for bunch stability. The BAM uses a radio frequency signal generated by a pickup cavity to modulate the reference laser pulses in an electro-optical intensity modulator(EOM), and the bunch arrival-time information is derived from the amplitude change of the laser pulse after laser pulse modulation.EOM is a key optical component in the BAM system.Through the basic principle analysis of BAM, many parameters of the EOM are observed to affect the measurement resolution of the BAM system. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the EOM is crucial. In this paper, we present two schemes to compare and analyze an EOM and provide a reference for selecting a new version of the EOM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11475250 and 11322550)Ten Thousand Talent Program
文摘Besides the original seeded undulator line,in the soft X-ray free-electron laser(SXFEL) user facility in Shanghai,a second undulator line based on self-amplified spontaneous emission is proposed to achieve 2-nm laser pulse with extremely high brightness.In this paper,the beam energy deviation induced by the undulator wakefields is numerically calculated,and 3D and 2D results agree well with each other.The beam energy loss along the undulator degrades the expected FEL output performances,i.e.,the pulse energy,radiation power and spectrum,which can be compensated with a proper taper in the undulator.Using the planned time-resolved diagnostic,a novel experiment is proposed to measure the SXFEL longitudinal wakefields.
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2011CB808300)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.13ZR1464700)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.255015061)
文摘High brightness γ-rays produced by laser Compton scattering(LCS) are ideal probes for the study of nucleon and nuclear structure. We propose such a γ-ray source using the backscattering of a laser from the bright electron beam produced by the linac of the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-electron Laser(SXFEL) test facility at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics(SINAP). The performance is optimized through theoretical analysis and benchmarked with 4D Monte-Carlo simulations. The peak brightness of the source is expected to be larger than2 × 1022photons/(mm2mrad2s 0.1%BW) and photon energy ranges from 3.7 Me V to 38.9 Me V. Its performance, compared to Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP), and the Shanghai Laser-Electron Gamma-ray Source(SLEGS), is given. The potential for basic and applied research is also briefly outlined.
文摘针对自由电子激光装置(Free Electron Laser,FEL)对束流位置测量的需求,研制了可同时用于条带束流位置检测器(Stripline Beam Position Monitor,SBPM)和腔式束流位置检测器(Cavity Beam Position Monitor,CBPM)信号处理的数字化束流位置信号处理器(Digital Beam Position Measurement processor,DBPM)。该处理器为一体化的嵌入式结构,以现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)为系统核心,采用分布式的实验物理及工业控制系统(Experiment Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)进行远程数据交互。处理器对SBPM和CBPM系统的测试分辨率在0.5 n C流强时分别达到4μm和0.4μm,达到设计指标,成功应用于大连相干光源(Dalian Coherent Light Source,DCLS),并将应用于上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai X-ray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL),是国内首台自主研制成功并实现工程应用的DBPM处理器。
基金partially supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2011CB808300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11175240,11205234 and 11322550)
文摘In this article, we present the promise of a new method generating double electron pulses in picosecondscale pulse length and tunable interpulse spacing at several picoseconds. This has witnessed an impressive potential of application in pump–probe techniques, two-color X-ray free electron laser, high-gradient witness bunch acceleration in a plasma, etc. Three-dimensional simulations are carried out to analyze the dynamic of the electron beam in a linear accelerator. Comparisons are made between the new method and existing ways.
文摘Phase space is one of the most important parameters used to describe beam properties. Computer tomography, as a method for reconstructing phase space and measuring beam emittance, has been used in many accelerators over the past few decades. In this paper, we demonstrate a transverse phase space reconstruction study in the Shanghai soft X-ray free electron laser facility. First,we discuss the basic principles of phase space reconstruction and the advantage of reconstructing beam distribution in normalized phase space. Then, the phase space reconstruction results by different computer tomography methods based on the maximum entropy(MENT) algorithm and the filtered back projection algorithm in normalized phase space are presented. The simulation results indicate that,with proper configuration of the phase advance between adjacent screens, the MENT algorithm is feasible and has good efficiency. The beam emittance and Twiss parameters are also calculated using the reconstructed phase space.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0401903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175293)+1 种基金the Young and Middle-Aged Leading ScientistsEngineers and Innovators through the Ten Thousand Talent Program。
文摘To achieve high-efficiency operation of the highgain free-electron laser(FEL),the electron beams and radiated photon beams need to be overlapped precisely and pass through the entire undulator section.Therefore,a high-resolution beam-position monitor(BPM)is required.A cavity BPM(CBPM)with a resonant cavity structure was developed and used in the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL(SXFEL)test facility and can achieve a position resolution of<1μm.The construction and operation of the SXFEL user facility also bring about higher requirements for beamposition measurement.In this case,the factors that affect the performance of the CBPM system were further analyzed.These included the amplitude and phase stability of the local oscillator,stability of the trigger signal,performance of the radio frequency front-end,signal processing electronics,and signal processing algorithms.Based on the upgrade and optimization of the system,a beam test platform was built at the end of the linear acceleration section of the SXFEL,and the experimental results show that the position resolution of the system can reach 177 nm at a bunch charge of 500 pC,and the dynamic range is controlled within±300μm,and the relative measurement uncertainty of the bunch charge can reach 0.021%,which are significant improvements compared to the attributes of the previous system.
文摘上海软X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser,SXFEL)需1个分辨率达到亚μm量级的束流位置测量系统,并采用基于束流准直的方法实现波荡器段电子束与光子束的紧密重合。为此设计研制了1个由C波段腔式探头、单路混频至低中频的射频前端以及自主研发的专用数字信号束流位置处理器(digital beam position monitor processor,DBPM)构成的腔式束流位置测量(cavity beam position monitor,CBPM)系统。本文对系统的设计、软硬件结构、系统搭建进行了介绍,并基于漂移段搭建的3个紧邻的CBPM阵列完成了在线系统性能评估。束流实验结果表明,在束团电荷量为500 pC、系统动态范围在±800μm的条件下,位置分辨率可达880 nm,这也是国内首次研制成功可在线运行的具有亚μm位置分辨率的CBPM系统。此外,采用CBPM的相位腔进行相对束团电荷量、束团到达时间的测量,其性能评估结果也均优于SXFEL设计要求。
文摘减方差技术是辐射防护、核医学、核探井等应用领域中解决深穿透问题的常用方法。当前减方差技术的研究基本基于简单理论几何模型,缺少在实际复杂模型上的讨论,本文以实际应用的电子辐照加速器整体系统为研究的几何模型,以屏蔽后的剂量为计算目标。比较了电子和不同辐照物质相互作用时产生次级光子能量谱和方向谱的差异,并以蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)为平台详细研究对比了几何分裂、源偏倚、指数衰减、分步输运、DXTRAN球和权窗等常见减方差技术在单独使用和不同组合使用下的实际效果,评估了具有实用性减方差技术的选择和组合。结果表明:辐照物质对次级光子的方向谱影响很大,出于建模有效性考虑,几何模型应尽量贴合实际,不能过分简化;分步输运和源偏倚相比于其它常规减方差技术可以更好地降低计算误差,它们和几何分裂、DXTRAN球和指数衰减组合使用时,可以进一步降低计算误差,有效提高结果的可信度;权窗相对于常规减方差技术具有更好的计算效率和客观性,以权窗、分步输运和源偏倚为基础,再组合其他减方差技术,可以很好地解决实际应用中复杂模型的深穿透问题。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11175241)
文摘A balanced optical microwave phase detector(BOMPD) based on a 3 × 3 coupler is presented. This system was developed to extract ultra-low-jitter microwave signals from optical pulse trains emitted by mode-locked Er-fiber lasers, and synchronized microwave and laser systems. We demonstrate that the BOMPD achieves a precision of synchronization of less than 100 femtosecond of timing jitter. The experimental setup can be applied to the soft X-ray free-electron laser located on the campus of the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility. A microwave signal with a 2.856 GHz frequency is extracted from a238 MHz mode-locked Er-laser, with an absolute timing jitter of 34 fs in the 10 Hz–10 MHz frequency offset range.In addition, the microwave and 238 MHz optical pulse signals are synchronized with a relative timing jitter of16 fs at the same frequency offset range.