蒙古冰草×航道冰草杂种F1代组织培养再生体系建立

以蒙古冰草×航道冰草种间杂种F1代幼穗为外植体,对影响愈伤组织诱导、分化和生根的激素浓度进行筛选,并建立了完整植株的再生体系。结果表明,杂种F1代的最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)1.5 mg/L+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)0.3 mg/L,出愈率为81.7%;愈伤组织分化的培养基为6-BA 2.5 mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)0.4 mg/L,分化率为71.7%;生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L,生根率为88.3%。经炼苗后,各基质移栽成活率大于90%。本研究通过建立蒙古冰草×航道冰草杂种F1代组织培养再生体系,为有效保存冰草杂种F1代新种质,并为后期秋水仙碱诱导其染色体加倍恢复育性奠定基础。

Analysis of Protein and Isoenzyme of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic Hybrids and Their Hybrid F_1

[Objective]The paper was to provide theoretical basis for selection of parental combination and early identification of hybrids.[Method]The soluble protein and peroxidase of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic hybrids and their filial generations were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.[Result]The protein spectrum of filial generation with L.davidii var.unicolor as parent not only appeared the homologous band as parent with darker coloring,but also had new bands compared with parent.Peroxidase zymogram of hybrid F1 mainly displayed incomplete complementary and hybrid type of parent.[Conclusion]Protein spectrum and peroxidase zymogram could be used as the biochemical markers for the identification of hybrids of lily,which could also detect the target traits of plant.

Anther Culture about Hybrid F_1 by Solanum torvum SW.(♂) × Solanum melongena L.(♀)

Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different hormone combinations and concentrations on cal us induction and pIant regeneration of F1 hybrid of Solanum torvum SW. ＆#215; Solanum melongena L. [Method] Media suppIemented with different combinations and concentrations of hormones were pre-pared for anther cal us induction, proIiferation, differentiation and regeneration. [Re-sult] MS＋1.0 m/L 2, 4-D＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the optimum medium for anther cal us induction. MS＋1.0 mg/L KT＋0.1 mg/L NAA was the optimum medium for cal us proIiferation. MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimum medium for in-duction of adventitious buds. MS＋0.3 mg/L IAA was the optimum medium for root-ing of adventitious buds. The highest rooting rate was onIy 37.5 because induction of rooting was a difficuIt work. [Conclusion] The resuIts wiI provide references for outcross fertiIity and genetic improvement of eggpIant.

A New Towel Gourd F_1 hybrid——‘Taisi NO.3'

＇Taisi N0.3＇ is an early mid-maturing towel gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing Ps17-6-5-2-10-8 as female parent and Ps39-3-8-4-6-5 as male parent. The period from sowing to first harvest is about 75 days in spring cropping. It grows exuberantly in early stage and better in middle and later stages; leaves are green and palmately divided; the maximum leaf＇s length and width are about 25.5 and 33.7 cm. It bears fruit at the main and lateral branch. The first female flower sets on the 7^th-8^th node, and the fruit-setting rate is 72.8%. The fruit-setting rate is high. Its fruit is long round stick shape, 47.4 cm in length, and 3.75 cm in width, with smooth and green skin covered by dark green stripes, dense flesh. The fruit tastes good, with high Vc content. It is resistant to downy mildew, moderately resistant to CMV, and highly resistant to blight. The average fruit weight is about 282.3 g with the general yield of 82 500 kg/hm2.

Transcriptome and metabolome profiling of unheading in F1 hybrid rice

Heading date is a crucial agronomic trait.However,rice usually delays heading due to the photoperiod,temperature,hormones or age.The present research was conducted to analyze the mechanism cotrlling heading date in F,hybrid rice.We constructed two test-crossing populations using two introgression lines(ILs),P20 and P21 coming from SH527/FH838 as the male parent,respectively,and male sterile line Jin23A as the female parent.Meanwhile,the F,hybrids of H20,obtained by mating P20 with Jin23A and having no heading,and H21,from the crossing between P21 and Jin23A having normal heading,were both observed under long days.Here,we analyzed the photoperiodic response of F,hybrids by transcriptome and metabolome profiling.The greater differences displayed in the transcriptome and the metabolome were caused by photoperiod(exogenous)instead of genes(endogenous).The coping mechanism resulted from long days(LD)in H20,leading to differences in the circadian rhythm and glutathione metabolism relative to other samples.The circadian oscillator and GSH/GSSG cycle typically regulate ROS homeostasis,and both of them are responsible for modulating ROS in H20 under LD condition.Both circadian rhythm genes and the reported genes related to heading date function via the DHD1/OsMFT1-Ehd1-RFT1-OsMADS14/OsMADS18 pathway and the glutathione metabolism pathway by regulating oxidative reduction processes.Both pathways are involved in the heading process and they interacted through the oxidative reduction process which was induced by photoperiod regulation,and all of them collectively modulated the heading process.The results of this study will be helpful for unraveling the mechanism of F,hybrid responses to unheading under LD condition.

Preliminary Report on the Breeding of F_1 Hybrid Between Broccolini with High Sulforaphane

Through the use of broccolini innovation resources, a group of unique ex- cellent broccolini and male sterile lines, as well as inbred lines were bred. In the research, 4 hybrid strains were bred by the use of male sterile lines which had vigorous growth, high resistance, good quality, good commodity and high yield, in- cluding Beauty No.l, Beauty No.2, Beauty No.3, Beauty No.4. The results showed that Beauty No.2 behaved the best comprehensive characters of high yield, high commercial value and good taste. The yield of Beauty No.2 was 28 185 kg/hm2 and 25% higher than the control Qianxiu, the sulforaphane content was as high as 48 mg/kg and 77.8%, 272.1% higher than the control of Qianxiu and Manuolv broc- coli, respectively. The comprehensive character of Beauty No.1 ranked the second, the yield was the highest （29 265 kg/hm2） and 30% than the control Qianxiu.

Electrophoretic Analysis of Isozymes and Proteins in F_1 Hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀ × Elopichthys bambusa ♂

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀× Elopichthys bambusa ♂ - [ Method ] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology, three isozymes （LDH, EST, MDH） in nine tissues （heart, brain, eyes, liver, kidney, spleen, fin, muscle, plasma） of F1 hybrids of C. ideUus and parents were compared. [Result] Three isozymes in F1 hybrids of ♀× E. bambusa ♀ were analyzed; differences in isozyme and proteins between F1 hybrids idellus ♀× E. bambusa ♀ exhibited varying degrees of tissue-specificity; isozymes and proteins in F, hybrids were signiticandy different from the parents. [ Conclusion] These nine differences could be used as indicators to identify F1 hybrids and parents.

Genotypic Resistance of F_1 Cotton Hybrids by Inoculation with Different Virulent Isolates of the Fungus Verticillium Dahliae Klebahn

The plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae causes severe cotton losses in Uzbekistan. To create cotton varieties that are resistant to the more virulent races of V.dahliae we wanted to determine

草鱼×赤眼鳟F_1 与其亲本遗传性状的比较研究

采用生物统计方法，对草鱼、赤眼鳟及其杂种一代（草♀×赤♂、草♂×赤♀）的１０ 个数量性状进行统计分析，结果显示草♂×赤♀杂种的性状表现了明显的趋父性遗传，而草♀×赤♂杂种则表现了明显的趋母性遗传．用杂种指数衡量，在所测量的７ 个性状中，有５ 个偏向草鱼，只有体长／体高和脊椎骨数２ 个性状偏向赤眼鳟．这表明草鱼与赤眼鳟的杂交后代（Ｆ１）数量性状遗传受草鱼遗传因子的影响较大．

鹅掌楸属种间F_1杂种与亲本的叶下表皮微形态研究

鹅掌楸属种间正、反交Ｆ１杂种及双亲的扫描电镜（ＳＭＥ）观察表明：马褂木和反交Ｆ１的下表皮细胞具明显乳突，北美鹅掌楸和正交Ｆ１则呈现平坦状；北美鹅掌楸和正交Ｆ１下表皮气孔密度显著高于马褂木与反交Ｆ１；杂种与双亲的下表皮蜡质纹饰和气孔器形态没有表现出明显差异；正、反交Ｆ１的气孔开口明显大于双亲。

水稻籼粳杂交F_1植株育性与花粉育性的关系

以2个广亲和品种(轮回422,02428)分别与籼、粳稻配组及粳/籼、籼/粳、粳/粳配组,检测了杂种F1代的结实率及镜检亲本F1代的花粉活性.试验结果表明:除测49外,亲本花粉可育性均较高,杂种F1代的花粉育性因亲本不同而有所差异,以广亲和品种与籼、粳稻配组所得的杂种F1代的花粉可育性最高;籼粳杂种F1代的花粉败育率与植株不结实率的相关系数达0.8380.

梅花杂交育种中杂种F1代的早期鉴定

应用形态学鉴定和AFLP分子标记实验都证明 ,在所检测的 31个杂种中 ,有 2 8个是真正的杂种。通过聚类分析及条带直观检测 ,分析并去除了 3个假杂种。实践证明 ,形态学与AFLP分子检测相结合 ,是梅花杂交育种中杂种检测的高效手段。

散鳞镜鲤、团头鲂及其杂交F_1肌肉营养成分的比较

采用生化分析方法对散鳞镜鲤、团头鲂及其杂交F1 肌肉的营养成分进行了测定并比较。结果表明 ,交杂种F1 肌肉中的水分含量为 77 89%、灰分含量为 5 5 2 % ,均低于亲本 ;脂肪含量为 4 77% ,高于团头鲂 ,低于散鳞镜鲤 ;F1 的氨基酸含量为 77 89% ,低于双亲 ,但大多成分含量与散鳞镜鲤相当。在总体水平上 ,杂交种品质得到初步的改良。

鲫鲤杂种一代(F_1)自交二代(F_2)的受精细胞学研究

荷包红鲫 (♀ )×湘江野鲤 (♂ )杂交产生的杂种一代 ( F1)成熟卵的直径为1 .0～ 1 .2 5mm;为单受精孔卵 ,一般只允许单个精子入卵 ;成熟卵在受精前处于第二次减数分裂中期 ;鲫鲤杂种一代的雄性部分可育 ,能产生正常的精子 ;杂种一代的受精方式为单精受精 ,具有正常的受精细胞学程序 .受精 30 s后 ,精子通过受精孔进入卵质 ;5min后 ,精子产生明显星光 ;1 5min后 ,精子头部膨大核化 ,最后形成雄性原核 ,与此同时 ,雌性原核也开始形成 ;2 5min后 ,雌、雄原核向胚盘中央靠近 ,然后彼此接触 ,最后融合为合子核 ;40 min后 ,开始第一次卵裂 ,在一个受精卵第一次卵裂中期的切片上看到了一个三极纺锤体 .

海岛棉杂种F_1纤维比强度的配合力分析及遗传表达特点研究

应用增广ＮＣⅡ设计对１０个海岛棉品种（系）的Ｆ１代纤维比强度进行了分析。配合力分析表明，父本间一般配合力差异显著，特殊配合力间存在着明显差异；海岛棉纤维比强度的遗传主要受加性作用控制，显性作用和上位性作用显著；在非加性方差中，上位性作用比显性作用相对重要些；比强度的狭义遗传力较低。现有亲本中，Ａ杂交铃是比强度最好的亲本。

南北核桃种间杂交F_1代主要性状遗传分析

1979～ 1997年首次选用南方云南薄壳核桃与北方新疆核桃早实优株进行了 18个杂交组合的南北核桃种群杂交。对杂种F1代 7个主要性状的遗传分析表明 :杂种F1代的主要性状广泛复杂分离 ,为多基因控制呈数量性状遗传。由于基因的加性效应 ,F1代可组合双亲优异性状 ,由于基因互作产生非加性效应 ,F1代产生杂种优势性状。这些遗传趋势和特点 ,对核桃的进一步育种工作有重要的指导作用 ;也为下一步的育种提供了优良材料。

薏苡、川谷及其F_1过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法 ,比较分析了薏苡、川谷及其杂种F1的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明 :薏苡、川谷及其F1的过氧化物酶同工酶表现出明显的种类型和组织器官特异性。在F1植株中未出现“杂种酶” ,且双亲的一些酶带在F1中受抑制未表现出来。利用过氧化物酶可进行薏苡属亲缘关系 ,系统演化。

紫、绿叶稻与F_1光合色素的差异及其产量的关系

将水稻 5个紫叶亲本与 3个绿叶亲本进行组配 ,测定紫叶亲本与绿叶亲本及其杂种F1在光合色素含量之间的差异 ,以及紫叶与绿叶、杂种F1叶绿素总含量与产量之间的相关关系 ,结果表明 ,紫叶稻与绿叶稻之间的光合色素总含量没有显著差异 ,但紫叶亲本、绿叶亲本与其杂种F1之间表现出显著差异 ;紫叶与绿叶亲本及杂种F1叶绿素含量与产量之间呈正相关关系 ,尤以杂种F1表现明显 ,且杂种的产量性状比其父母本均表现出明显优势 。

水稻籼粳杂交F_1植株育性与花粉育性的关系

以广亲和品种轮回 42 2、0 2 42 8分别与籼、粳稻配组及粳 /籼、籼 /粳、粳 /粳配组 ,检测杂种 F1 代的结实率及镜检亲本 F1 代的花粉活性 ,试验结果表明 :除测 49外 ,亲本花粉可育性均较高 ,杂种 F1 代的花粉育性因亲本不同而有所差异 ,以广亲和品种与籼、粳稻配组所得的杂种 F1 代的花粉可育性为最高 ;籼粳杂种 F1代的花粉败育率与植株不结实率的相关系数 (r)达 0 .83 80 .

Iris japonica和Iris confusa杂种F_1花粉母细胞中的细胞融合现象

对Irisjaponica和Irisconfusa杂种F1的小孢子发育过程进行细胞学观察 ,发现在花粉母细胞减数分裂前期I中 ,2 8.5%的细胞出现细胞融合现象 ,染色质增加的细胞占15.5% ,染色质减少的细胞占 13.0 % .中期I染色体配对频率高 ,平均有 13.90个二价体 ;后期I出现落后染色体 ;后期II基本正常 ,花粉育性为 76 % .细胞融合对整个花粉母细胞减数分裂的稳定性和有效性影响不大 ,细胞融合是一种自然发生现象 .