Nutritional and Medicinal Values of the Three Most Used Plants in Chad: Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Corchorus olitorius L.

This review explores the nutritional and health benefits of three vegetable plants in Chad: Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Corchorus olitorius L. These plants are widely consumed by Chadian population, but few research studies have focused on their nutritional and health benefits. The aim is to stimulate research, investment, and in-depth studies on these plants to encourage their use and transformation in Chad. Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Corchorus olitorius L. are Malvaceae species with medicinal properties and traditional use in Chad. They contain essential amino acids and have antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic activities. Their extract has hypoglycemic potential as a preventative or adjunct therapy for pre-diabetes or diabetes. Hibiscus sabdariffa is rich in essential vitamins, including vitamin A, which is beneficial for eyes, anti-aging, and sight. Its vitamin C helps fight free radicals and ensures good resistance to infections. Corchorus olitorius L. has a nutritional composition ranging from 1.2 to 34.4 mg/100 g and is known for its mucilaginous seeds, young tops and leaves, and silky hair. These plants have potential medicinal applications in antidiabetic, anti-gastritis, and prebiotic fields, and play a significant role in neural development and health. Promoting their use in Chad requires conservation programs, public policies, and local population planting. Future research should focus on their nutritional and medicinal properties, targeting underutilized species to address micronutrient deficiencies. Enhancing bioconservative properties and communication of these plants’ virtues are crucial for their optimal availability and protection.

Hibiscus sabdariffa extractivities on cadmium-mediated alterations of human U937 cell viability and activation

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated U937 cells and cadmium-mediated activation of U937-derived macrophages.MethodsThe macrophage cell line U937 was treated with cadmium (0.1 μ mol/L) and later incubated with the anthocyanin-rich extract and cell viability was assessed via trypan blue staining. In the other experiment, the U937 cells were transformed to the macrophage form by treatment with phorbol 12, myristate 13, and acetate and incubated with cadmium (10 μ mol/L). The anthocyanin-rich extract was added to the cells later and subsequently, the supernatant of each cell culture was analysed for the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and catalase activity as indices for the activation of macrophages.ResultsIt revealed that the anthocynanin-rich extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased the viability of the cells which was suppressed by cadmium when compared to quercetin dihydrate. The extract also reduced the cadmium-mediated production of the markers of macrophage-activation when compared to quercetin dihydrate. In both experiments, the activity of the extract was concentration-dependent (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings show that H. sabdariffa possesses significant immunoprotective effect. These corroborate the immense reported antioxidant and medicinal potential of the calyces of the plant which could be exploited for pharmacological and neutraceutical advantages.

Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit extracts on α-glucosidase enzyme,glucose diffusion and wound healing activities

Objective:To provide in vitro evidence for antidiabetic activity through potential inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme,glucose diffusion and enhancement in the wound healing using methanolic extract and fractions from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.fruit.Methods:The inhibitory action of methanolic extract and fractions of such fruit on aglucosidase enzyme and glucose movement through in vitro assay assessment was reported.Their activities on wound healing were tested using the scratch assay.Results:Ethyl acetate fraction at 50 mg/m L concentration exhibited significant aglucosidase inhibition(95.79 mg/m L) with P < 0.05.At the same concentration,the methanolic extract as well as other fractions revealed lower α-glucosidase inhibition and higher glucose diffusion retardation across the dialysis tube than the control.Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions displayed notably higher glucose diffusion inhibitory activity of 5.21 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L,respectively as compared to methanolic extract and n-hexane fraction of 6.58 mmol/L and 6.49 mmol/L,respectively.Conversely,compared to other fractions the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction manifested proliferative effect at the incubation time of 6 h during the wound healing study.Conclusions:It is established that methanolic extract and fractions from H.sabdariffa Linn.fruit can inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme and glucose movement as well as influence the wound healing activity positively.

Selective Cytotoxicity and Apoptogenic Activity of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Aqueous Extract Against MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Background: Herbal compounds are attractive anticancer candidates due to their low toxicity. Pervious studies have demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa is promising as an anticancer agent against several cancer types;however, its potential therapeutic role in breast cancer remains to be investigated. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract (HSE) on a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and fetal foreskin fibroblast (HFFF) were investigated. Different concentrations of water extract of calyces were added and the percentage of cell survival was determined after 24, 48, and 72 hours using an MTT assay. Apoptosis induction was assessed by DNA fragmentation. Results: At the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of the extract and following 72 hours of incubation, the number of viable MCF-7 cells was less than 50%. The extract was not cytotoxic against normal HFFF cells in all tested concentrations. Also, HSE induced apoptosis only in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that HSE inhibits the growth of MCF-7 cells selectively in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. As this herbal substance has been shown to be nontoxic at very high doses in experimental animals, it might be a good anticancer drug candidate for breast cancer treatment.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i>L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by <i>Coniella musaiensis</i>Var. <i>hibisci</i>in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

The experiment was conducted mainly to investigate the effect of change in sowing dates on disease severity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) leaf spot caused by Coniella musaiensis Var hibisci, plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield of Roselle (H. sabdariffa L). Five dates were selected with an interval of fourteen days (14) between the dates for two years (2003 and 2004) to determine the most appropriate time to sow the crop using two Roselle accessions;green (Acc1) and red (Acc3).The first date was determined by the establishment of the rains in the season. It was observed that change in sowing dates had significant (p = 0.05) effect on disease severity but not on plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield. Plants sown on July 18/27 had lowest disease indices;and are thus the best and therefore recommended for cropping of Roselle.

Mechanism of the decreased food consumption and weight gain in rats following consumption of aqueous extract of the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa during pregnancy

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms of the decreasing fluid and food consumption following Hibiscus sabdariffa(HS) consumption.Methods:On the 1st day of pregnancy,rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals per each group.One group was given tap water,one was given with extract at 0.6 g/100 mL while the third group was given with extract at 1.8 g/100 mL as their drinking solution.All groups received normal rat chow and drinking solution ad libitum.Fluid& food intake and weight were measured daily throughout pregnancy and Na^+ concentration in plasma was determined on the 18th day of pregnancy.Results:Results showed decreased fluid and food consumption,decreased weight gain and increased sodium ion concentration in plasma of rats with HS extract compared with the control group.Conclusions: Consumption of aqueous extract of the calyx of HS during pregnancy decreases food consumption and weight gain through mechanisms that may depend on Na^+ in HS content and elevating Na^+ concentration.

Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits in vitro biofilm formation capacity of Candida albicans isolated from recurrent urinary tract infections

Objective:To explore the prevention of rerurrent candiduria using natural based approaches and to study the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa(H.sabdariffa) extract and the biofilm forming capacity of Candida albicans strains in the present of the H.sabdariffa extract.Methods:In this particular study,six strains of fluconazole resistant Candida albicans isolated from recurrent candiduria were used.The susceptibility of fungal isolates,time-kill curves and biofilm forming capacity in the present of the H.sabdariffa extract were determined.Results:Various levels minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract were observed against all the isolates.Minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL Timekill experiment demonstrated that the effect was fungistatic.The biofilm inhibition assay results showed that H.sabdariffa extract inhibited biofilm production of all the isolates.Conclusions:The results of the study support the potential effect of H.sabdariffa extract for preventing recurrent candiduria and emphasize the significance of the plant extract approach as a potential antifungal agent.

Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Health Benefit Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin Dried Calyces Beverage in Human

Background/Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the health benefit effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin (H. sabdariffa L.) dried calyces beverage on some clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters in humans. Methods: The dried calyces were harvested in the two regions (Adamaoua and West) of Cameroon. The proximate, mineral composition and phytochemical screening were evaluated. A standardized extraction procedure was set up and from the calyces;we prepared a drink for 32 male volunteers’ subjects aged from 21 to 32 years, specially recruited for the experiment. Each participant consumed 500 mL twice a day (in the morning and in the evening) as supplement beverage during two weeks. The anthropometrics (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)), clinical (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), hematological (RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, Lymphocytes, MID cells, Granulocytes, platelet and MPV) and biochemical (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, serum iron, blood glucose, creatinine, urea, ASAT and ALAT) parameters were determined in the blood on days 0 and at the end of each week. Results: Crude protein, lipid, fiber and ash content of calyx ranged respectively from 4.57 - 5.98, 10.10 - 11.33, 20.39 - 22.30 and 9.15% - 10.38% while the levels of minerals were ranged from 512.0 - 740.6, 77.8 - 177.7, 52.84 - 52.85, 1.10 - 2.10, 41.2 - 119.5, 3.25 - 8.20 and 0.56 - 17.5 mg/100g respectively for Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe and Zn. The phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and anthocyanins on methanol and aqueous extracts. A significant increase of RBC, Hb, PCV, MPV, HDL-C, TG and creatinine and a significant decrease of WBC, MID cells, LDL-C and TC (p < 0.05) were observed during the study period. Furthermore, there was no significant change on BMI, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, granulocyte, platelet, serum iron, blood glucose, ASAT, ALAT and urea levels. Conclusion: H. sabdariffa L. dried calyces from Cameroon are rich sources of crude fibers and minerals. The H. Sabdariffa L. dried calyces drink can be safely used for people suffering for anemia. It also revealed good cholesterol lowering potential. No hepatoxicity and no kidney damage have been observed as far as serum enzymes were concerned.

Production of Cashew Apple Wine Enriched with Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts

This study focuses on enhancing the value of agricultural products by developing a process to produce wine from cashew apples enriched with extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa. The formulation consisted of a blend of cashew apple juice and Hibiscus calyxes in a ratio of 90:10 (w/w). The Hibiscus calyxes were added at three different stages: before, during, and after fermentation. The physico-chemical analysis of the resulting wines revealed a pH range of 3.073 ± 0.005 to 3.583 ± 0.015 and acidity levels ranging from 4.018 ± 0.028 to 5.628 ± 0.059 g/L. The alcoholic strength ranged from 13.54% ± 0.036% to 13.86% ± 0.04%, with a soluble dry extract of 7.2 ± 0.25 to 8.1 ± 0.28 °B. Regardless of the stage of Hibiscus calyx addition, the fermentation kinetics and physico-chemical parameters met the standards set for wines.

Influence of Polyphenolic Contents on the Antioxidant Properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract (HSE), Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Garlic Tablet (GT) in Vitro

This study compared the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE), commercial aged garlic extract (AGE, Kyolic) and garlic tablet (GT). The results indicate that HSE, AGE and GT are effective antioxidant as xanthine/xanthine oxidase generated superoxide ions are significantly inhibited in the presence of 20% (v/v) diethyl ether extract of HSE, AGE and GT by 100%, 66.39% and 18.61% respectively, while uric acid production is not affected byAGEand GT. However, at 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) reaction volumes,HSEsignificantly inhibits uric acid production by 9.5% and 33.0% respectively, and this suggests that components ofHSEinhibit xanthine oxidase activity while AGE and GT scavenge superoxide. In addition, it is also found that the three extracts scavenge ABTS radical cations in dose-dependent manner. In all cell free assays, HSE is found to be more effective as an antioxidant when compared with AGE and GT under the same experimental conditions. Chromatographic and colorimetric analyses suggest thatHSEhas numerous different types of phenolic compounds with higher amount of phenolic compounds (14.9 mg/g) when compared withAGE(2.8 mg/g) and GT (3.6 mg/g) catechin equivalent respectively. Therefore, the effectiveness of antioxidant activities of these three extracts may be related to their phenolic content.

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Roselle Plants Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

This study was carried out during the growing season 2012-2013 at the fields of Agricultural Research Services in Sulaymaniyah Govemorate, to study the effect of chicken manure, sheep manure and chemical fertilizer NPK on growth, sepals, seeds yield and some chemical constituents of Roselle plants grown under Sulaymaniyah conditions. The experiment included several treatments as follows： sheep manure, 75% sheep ＋ 25% chicken, 50% sheep ＋ 50% chicken, 25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken, entire chicken manure, chemical fertilizer NPK and unfertilized control. The obtained results showed that all treatments of organic fertilization and NPK were significantly enhanced the vegetative growth parameters, sepals and concentration of anthocyanin of Roselle plants sepals. The treatment of （25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken） gave the best results： plant height （205.33 cm）, stem diameter （33.45 ram）, number of branches/plant （22.33）, total leaf area （3.29 m2）, root dry weight （56.81 g）, number of fruits/plant （110）, fresh weight of fruits （818.44 g） and dry weight of sepals （52.65 g）. But the highest concentration of anthocyanin was in the treatment of （75% sheep ＋ 25% chicken） （260.33 mg/100 g） and the lowest concentration of oxalic acid was found in the treatment of （50% sheep ＋ 50% chicken） （4.69 mg/100 g）. The results of this study showed that the use of （25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken） could enhance the vegetative growth and produce maximum yield of RoseUe calyx.

In Vitro Studies: Potensial Use of Dyospiros kaky, Avium grafeolens, Guazuma ulmifolia, Hibiscus sabdariffa as an Agent of Anti-cholesterol

God has made man and has prepared everything for human life.This universe was created for humans to be healthy.The lifestyle of humans in the millenial era has made circulatory disorders in the form of hypercholesterolemia.This study aims to determine the efficacy of herbal plants to reduce blood cholesterol levels.The method used is the in vitro method.Herbal plant used in this experiment Dyospiros kaky 50%,Avium grafeolens 20%,Guazuma ulmifolia 20%,Hibiscus sabdariffa 10%.This study showed that cholesterol level decreased from 200 mg/dL to 102 mg/100 g at dose 20 mg/dL,64.5 mg/100 g,at dose 40 mg/dL,and 94.2 mg/100 g,at dose 60 mg/dL.The best dose to decrease blood cholesterol was 40 mg/dL.This study indicated that Dyospiros kaki is an agent of anti-cholesterol.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system of roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)[Methods]A tissue culture and rapid propagation experiment was carried out with roselle plants as materials to study the suitable explants,the best disinfection method,the best growth medium,the best rooting medium and the transplanting and domestication method of roselle.[Results]The lateral buds of roselle were the best explants.Sterilizing with 0.1%mercuric chloride for 7 min showed a contamination rate of 5%and achieved a survival rate of 90%.With MS as the basic medium,adding 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L IBA could obtain the best effect of bud induction.The medium with the highest proliferation rate was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.1 mg/L.On the basis of 1/2MS,adding 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA could make adventitious buds root fastest and most,and greatly improve the propagation coefficient.And 1∶1 perlite rock:peat soil was the best transplanting substrate,with which the transplanting survival rate reached 95%.[Conclusions]This study provides technical reference for rapid cultivation and large-scale planting of roselle.

Comparative Effect of Foliar Application of Cow Dung, Wood Ash and Benlate on the Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Coniella musaiensis Var. Hibisci. in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

A study on the comparative effect of cow dung, wood ash and benlate for the control of leaf spot disease of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was carried out following the preparation and foliar application of the materials on selected Roselle plants of the green and red accessions (Acc1 & Acc3) in the field. The cow dung was fermented for 14 days while sour milk was added to wood ash, dissolved and all filtered and labeled. The spraying commenced soon after the plants were thinned to one and was done weekly until after 50% of the plants had flowered. Results showed significant (p = 0.05) difference between benlate, the synthetic fungicide and the bio-fertilizers (cow dung and wood ash) for the two years of the study. Disease severity was significantly lower in the benlate than in the bio-fertilizers. There was no significant difference in yield between the treatments although higher yield was recorded in benlate. Though the bio-fertilizers could not suppress infection, they aided the growth of the plants by boosting luxuriant growth. The result showed that these bio-fertilizers cannot be used as substitute to the synthetic fungicide for the control of this leaf spot disease caused by Coniella musaiensis var. hibisci. However, since they give equally good yield the bio-fertilizers can still be used to minimize the reliance upon use of chemical fungicides.

Comparison of Standard Elution and Displacement Modes in Centrifugal Partition Chromatography for an Efficient Purification of Four Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

The increasing demand for natural food antioxidants has hastened research to extract the biologically active substances from a variety of raw materials. The consumption of anthocyanin-rich food promotes health by contributing to cardio protection, lowering high blood pressure and by helping to protect against cancer. In this study, centrifugal partition chromatography （CPC） was studied for anthocyanin separation from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. （HS）. A simple elution and two displacement protocols were implemented. The displacement modes were strong ion-exchange （SIX） and pH-zone refining （pHZR） method. Among the three protocols, SIX CPC using trioctylmethylammonium chloride （Aliquat 336 ？） as a strong exchanger was the most successful in purifying four anthocyanins from an ethanolic extract of HS, identified as delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside （DS）, cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside （CS）, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside （DG） and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside （CG）. The purification process was carried out on a gram scale using the ternary biphasic system ethyl acetate：n-butanol：water （mobile organic phase： 4.0/4.6/1.4; aqueous stationary phase： 0.5/0.5/9.0） in the ascending mode. Aliquat 336？ was used as the anion extractant in the aqueous stationary phase and sodium iodide （NaI） as the cation displacer in the organic mobile phase. From 1 g of crude HS extract, 80 mg of DS, 40 mg of CS, 15 mg of DG, and 4 mg of CG were obtained after 75 minutes. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC-UV and LC-MS） analysis revealed the identity and the purity of the isolated compounds： 88% for DS, 92% for CS, 93% for DG and 70% for CG. This new methodology for the isolation of anthocyanin mixtures successfully increased the purity and ef？ciency especially for DG and CG, while maintaining excellent recovery rate and being relatively low cost. The availability of high purity anthocyanin mixtures will facilitate anthocyanin testing studies and will widen the use of anthocyanins in the food, supplements and pharmaceutical industries.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale (L) Rose) Juices Sold in the Western Part of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Juices made from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae), commonly called Bissap, and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), known as Gnamankoudji, are widely consumed in C&ocirc;te d'Ivoire. The artisanal preparation of these juices often makes their quality problematic. The aim of this study is to determine some physicochemical and microbiological properties of these drinks sold in the city of Abidjan. To do this, samples of Bissap and Gnamankoudji juices were collected near schools in the Mamie Adjoua (Yopougon) and Abobodoumé (Attécoubé) districts. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed on these collected samples. The results show that the Bissap and Gnamankoudji juices have an acid pH (2.47 and 3.71), a low protein content (0.78% and 2.11%) and a high water content (80.13% and 85.21%), respectively. The reducing sugar content ranged from 1.20% to 3.34%, with high total sugar (695 mg/mL and 812 mg/mL), low ash (0.70 ± 0.07;0.91 ± 0.01). On the other hand, these juices contain variable concentrations of minerals from one site to another (magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron). Potassium is the most abundant mineral element, followed by phosphorus and magnesium. Moreover, it is observed that the Gnamankoudji juices contain vitamin C (4.67 to 5.58 mg/100mL), contrary to the Bissap juice. The microbiological analysis indicates the presence of aerobic mesophilic germs (AMG) but a total absence of pathogenic germs in all juices. The important presence of nutrients and the total absence of pathogenic germs in these drinks justify their regular consumption by the population.

基于模糊数学的木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料制备

木姜叶柯与玫瑰茄的味觉特性限制了两种原料在食品工业中的广泛使用.为拓展木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄的应用,以木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄为主要原料,采用浸提法制备木姜叶柯及玫瑰茄浸提液,通过对饮料气味、色泽、组织状态和滋味进行权重分析,建立了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料模糊数学感官评价方法;利用单因素试验和正交试验结合模糊数学感官评价法,确定了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方,并对最佳产品的质量指标(可溶性固形物含量、总酸及总多酚质量浓度、澄清度)进行了测定.结果表明:木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方为木姜叶柯浸提液添加量3%,玫瑰茄浸提液添加量4%,柠檬酸添加量0.03%,复配甜味剂(甜度200)添加量0.03%.通过该配方制得的饮料质地均匀透亮、颜色呈玫红色、酸甜适宜,具有木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄特有的香味,其理化指标测定结果为:可溶性固形物含量0.16%±0.01%,总多酚质量浓度107.42±1.90 mg/L,总酸质量浓度0.30±0.01 g/L,澄清度73.62%±1.35%.

盐碱胁迫对玫瑰茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以不同类型和浓度的盐碱溶液对玫瑰茄种子进行胁迫处理,结果表明,12.5 mmol/L中性盐没有抑制玫瑰茄种子萌发和幼苗生长,随溶液浓度的升高三种盐碱的抑制作用逐渐增强,碱性盐最强,其次是混合盐和中性盐,种子萌发对三者的耐受阈值分别为88.5,99.2,139.9 mmol/L。

贮藏温度对玫瑰茄果实品质及生理特性的影响

为探究玫瑰茄在不同贮藏温度下果实品质及生理特性的变化,以桂玫瑰茄1号鲜果为试验材料,于-3(微冻)、4、8、25℃(常温)进行贮藏,通过测定失重率、腐烂率、原花青素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性等指标,研究不同贮藏温度对玫瑰茄生理和品质的影响。结果表明,失重率和腐烂率随贮藏温度升高和时间延长呈上升趋势,-3℃贮藏的腐烂率和失重率最低,但出现了冷害现象。随着贮藏时间的延长,原花青素含量总体呈下降趋势,4℃贮藏的玫瑰茄原花青素含量仅在贮藏20 d时略低于-3℃,其他贮藏时间均高于其他温度;在25、8、4℃贮藏下,随着贮藏时间的延长,POD和SOD活性呈先上升后下降趋势,而-3℃贮藏下,POD和SOD活性呈下降趋势。此外,在贮藏期间POD活性随温度的升高而上升,SOD在4℃的活性均高于其他贮藏温度;CAT活性随贮藏时间的延长呈先上升后下降趋势,且在贮藏期间的活性均高于贮藏前。综上所述,低温能够较好的维持玫瑰茄的品质,延长贮藏期,4℃为其适宜贮藏温度。

Inhibition of enzymes associated with obesity by the polyphenol-rich extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa

Obesity is a prominent global public health challenge.This study is aimed to explore the inhibition properties of organic and aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa against the major enzymes associated with obesity(α-amylase,α-glucosidase,and pancreatic lipase).Extraction was carried out using water and organic solvents(methanol,ethanol and ethyl acetate)and inhibitory effect of these extracts on above-mentioned enzymes was carried out using in vitro method.All four extracts showed different yet significant potential to inhibit these enzymes.The organic extracts showed much stronger inhibitory effect on the enzymes than aqueous extract as the former were richer in polyphenols.The potassium hydroxycitrate,which is a salt of major organic acid of H.sabdariffa,did not hinhibit any of these enzymes.The combination of polyphenol-rich extract with potassium hydroxycitrate did not bring about additional inhibition indicating that inhibition potential of H.sabdariffa extract against the above-mentioned enzymes is due to the polyphenolic compounds.The molecular docking approach showed that the phenolic compounds of H.Sabdariffa,particularly catechin hydrate and rutin hydrate,have higher affnity to bind at the active sites of these enzymes,generate hydrogen bonds and thus inhibit their enzymatic activity.