Background There are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners.The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runne...Background There are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners.The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk(MIR).Methods A retrospective,cross-sectional study at 4 annual(2012-2015)Two Oceans 21.1 km and 56.0 km races in South Africa with 75,401 consenting race entrants.Running-related injury data were collected retrospectively through an online pre-race medical screening questionnaire.The average number of injuries for each runner every year was calculated by taking a runner's race entry history and injury history into account and categorizing entrants into 4 MIR categories(high,intermediate,low,and very low(reference)).Multiple logistic regression modeling(odds ratios)was used to determine whether the following factors were predictive of a high MIR(average>1 injury/year):demographics,training and racing,chronic-disease history(composite chronic disease score(CCDS)),and history of allergies.Results Of all entrants,9.2%reported at least 1 injury,and 0.4%of entrants were in the high MIR category;the incidence rate was 2.5 injuries per 10 runner-years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-2.7).Significant factors predictive of runners in the high MIR category were:running for>20 years:OR=2.0(95%CI:1.3-3.1;p=0.0010);a higher CCDS:OR=2.2(95%CI:2.0-2.4;p<0.0001);and a history of allergies:OR=2.8(95%CI:2.0-3.8;p<0.0001).Conclusion Runners who have been running recreationally for>20 years and those with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies were at higher risk of multiple running-related injuries.This high-risk group can be targeted for further study and possible injury-prevention interventions.展开更多
China has achieved unprecedented successes in feeding the 1.3 billion population in the past few decades. Per capita occupation of grain and milk increased from 316.6 and 1 kg in 1978 to 445.7 and 26.85 kg in 2016, re...China has achieved unprecedented successes in feeding the 1.3 billion population in the past few decades. Per capita occupation of grain and milk increased from 316.6 and 1 kg in 1978 to 445.7 and 26.85 kg in 2016, respectively. Per capita meat occupation also reached 61.9 kg in 2016 from nearly nothing at the beginning of the reform and opening (NBSC 1979-2018). With these successes in agricultural production, the quality of food consum ption has also improved significantly.展开更多
AIM: To apply the laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery concept, we investigated whether endoscopic cholecystectomy could be performed more safely and rapidly via only 1 port or not.METHODS: Two dogs(11 and ...AIM: To apply the laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery concept, we investigated whether endoscopic cholecystectomy could be performed more safely and rapidly via only 1 port or not.METHODS: Two dogs(11 and 13-mo-old female Beagle) were used in this study. Only 1 blunt port was created, and a flexible endoscope with a tip attachment was inserted between the fundus of gallbladder and liver. After local injection of saline to the gallbladder bed, resection of the gallbladder bed from the liver was performed. After complete resection of the gallbladder bed, the gallbladder was pulled up to resect its neck using the Ring-shaped thread technique. The neck of the gallbladder was cut using scissor forceps. Resected gallbladder was retrieved using endoscopic net forceps via a port. RESULTS: The operation times from general anesthetizing with sevoflurane to finishing the closure of the blunt port site were about 50 min and 60 min respectively. The resection times of gallbladder bed were about 15 min and 13 min respectively without liver injury and bleeding at all. Feed were given just after next day of operation, and they had a good appetite. Two dogs are in good health now and no complications for 1 mo after endoscopic cholecystectomy using only a flexible endoscope via one port.CONCLUSION: We are sure of great feasibility of endoscopic cholecystectomy via single port for human.展开更多
In this paper,an analytical method based on a chemical reaction between KSCN and sodium dichloroisocyanurate-dihydrate in a buffer system was applied to quantify the total alkaloid in tobacco.The proposed method repla...In this paper,an analytical method based on a chemical reaction between KSCN and sodium dichloroisocyanurate-dihydrate in a buffer system was applied to quantify the total alkaloid in tobacco.The proposed method replaced the No.35 Recommended Method of CORESTA(CRM 35)with the advantage that this method is safer compared to the CRM35 which uses KCN,a highly toxic chemical.In addition,compared to the current national standard method YC/T 468一2013,the buffer solution preparation was optimized to improve the detection efficiency.The validation results indicated that the new method met the test requirements,and the results were consistent with the ones obtained from the CORESTA CRM 35 and the YC/T 468一2013 methods.展开更多
文摘Background There are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners.The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk(MIR).Methods A retrospective,cross-sectional study at 4 annual(2012-2015)Two Oceans 21.1 km and 56.0 km races in South Africa with 75,401 consenting race entrants.Running-related injury data were collected retrospectively through an online pre-race medical screening questionnaire.The average number of injuries for each runner every year was calculated by taking a runner's race entry history and injury history into account and categorizing entrants into 4 MIR categories(high,intermediate,low,and very low(reference)).Multiple logistic regression modeling(odds ratios)was used to determine whether the following factors were predictive of a high MIR(average>1 injury/year):demographics,training and racing,chronic-disease history(composite chronic disease score(CCDS)),and history of allergies.Results Of all entrants,9.2%reported at least 1 injury,and 0.4%of entrants were in the high MIR category;the incidence rate was 2.5 injuries per 10 runner-years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-2.7).Significant factors predictive of runners in the high MIR category were:running for>20 years:OR=2.0(95%CI:1.3-3.1;p=0.0010);a higher CCDS:OR=2.2(95%CI:2.0-2.4;p<0.0001);and a history of allergies:OR=2.8(95%CI:2.0-3.8;p<0.0001).Conclusion Runners who have been running recreationally for>20 years and those with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies were at higher risk of multiple running-related injuries.This high-risk group can be targeted for further study and possible injury-prevention interventions.
文摘China has achieved unprecedented successes in feeding the 1.3 billion population in the past few decades. Per capita occupation of grain and milk increased from 316.6 and 1 kg in 1978 to 445.7 and 26.85 kg in 2016, respectively. Per capita meat occupation also reached 61.9 kg in 2016 from nearly nothing at the beginning of the reform and opening (NBSC 1979-2018). With these successes in agricultural production, the quality of food consum ption has also improved significantly.
文摘AIM: To apply the laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery concept, we investigated whether endoscopic cholecystectomy could be performed more safely and rapidly via only 1 port or not.METHODS: Two dogs(11 and 13-mo-old female Beagle) were used in this study. Only 1 blunt port was created, and a flexible endoscope with a tip attachment was inserted between the fundus of gallbladder and liver. After local injection of saline to the gallbladder bed, resection of the gallbladder bed from the liver was performed. After complete resection of the gallbladder bed, the gallbladder was pulled up to resect its neck using the Ring-shaped thread technique. The neck of the gallbladder was cut using scissor forceps. Resected gallbladder was retrieved using endoscopic net forceps via a port. RESULTS: The operation times from general anesthetizing with sevoflurane to finishing the closure of the blunt port site were about 50 min and 60 min respectively. The resection times of gallbladder bed were about 15 min and 13 min respectively without liver injury and bleeding at all. Feed were given just after next day of operation, and they had a good appetite. Two dogs are in good health now and no complications for 1 mo after endoscopic cholecystectomy using only a flexible endoscope via one port.CONCLUSION: We are sure of great feasibility of endoscopic cholecystectomy via single port for human.
文摘In this paper,an analytical method based on a chemical reaction between KSCN and sodium dichloroisocyanurate-dihydrate in a buffer system was applied to quantify the total alkaloid in tobacco.The proposed method replaced the No.35 Recommended Method of CORESTA(CRM 35)with the advantage that this method is safer compared to the CRM35 which uses KCN,a highly toxic chemical.In addition,compared to the current national standard method YC/T 468一2013,the buffer solution preparation was optimized to improve the detection efficiency.The validation results indicated that the new method met the test requirements,and the results were consistent with the ones obtained from the CORESTA CRM 35 and the YC/T 468一2013 methods.
