Given the serious situation of food safety in China, the Chinese government has followed the policy of diverting resources to certain competitive firms and thus increasing market concentration as a means to improve fo...Given the serious situation of food safety in China, the Chinese government has followed the policy of diverting resources to certain competitive firms and thus increasing market concentration as a means to improve food safety. This policy departs from the common practice in advanced economies of encouraging competition and restraining excessive corporate expansion. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of game theory, this paper investigates the impact of increased industry concentration on food safety. Our study finds that in a market environment where quality food enjoys a high premium, greater evenness of corporate size across firms will be conducive to mutual cooperation among firms for the provision of quality and safe food. Yet if the market is less sophisticated and the premium for quality food is low, it will be difficult to form mutual cooperation among firms and easier for low quality food manufacturers to take a free ride. In these circumstances, the larger size of quality food firms will make them less vulnerable to be affected by free rides and more motivated to manufacture quality and safe food. The latter scenario is consistent with China's market reality. Hence, increasing industry concentration in the current stage is conducive to mitigating the food safety crisis. Yet with the gradual improvement in market conditions, a competitive policy will be a better option in the long run.展开更多
The key for dust control of coal mine is to clarify the dust concentration distribution and sedimentation in different areas. Both similarity experiment and numerical simulation method have certain restrictions and ar...The key for dust control of coal mine is to clarify the dust concentration distribution and sedimentation in different areas. Both similarity experiment and numerical simulation method have certain restrictions and are quite different from the actual situation on site. In order to study the dust sedimentation regularity of coal mine in large mining height, “filter membrane method” is adopted in this paper, i.e., to dry and weigh the filter membrane before and after sampling, collect the dust of respirable zone on mining face and calculate the dust concentration based on a main airway of 100 m. The result shows that: A large amount of dust will be produced during coal mining, wherein the maximum dust concentration from 6 m upstream to 100 m downstream of coal cutter is 121 mg/m3</sup>, while the minimum dust concentration is 61 mg/m3</sup>;The dust concentration in return airway is reduced with the distance increases, while the dust concentration at the entrance is 91 mg/m3</sup>;A large amount of dust may fall from roof during section advancing and improves the dust concentration of hydraulic support in walking area obviously;The dust granularity of mining face and return airway is 0 - 100 μm, but the amount of respirable dust is higher than 80%, the larger the dust particle size, the higher the dust concentration. Besides, dust in small particle size can be suspended in air flow for longer, but that in large particle size may subside under the action of gravity;To reduce dust exposure, the mining position shall be located in the windward direction of advancing or coal cutter. This research can provide guidance for taking dust prevention measures of working face in large mining height.展开更多
【目的】探明不同种植方式下10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种水稻后对稻飞虱的田间防治效果及对天敌蜘蛛和水稻的安全性,为该药剂拌种水稻防治稻飞虱提供理论依据。【方法】以不同浓度(22.5、45.0、67.5和90.0 g a.i./ha)的10%三氟苯嘧啶SC对杂交稻...【目的】探明不同种植方式下10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种水稻后对稻飞虱的田间防治效果及对天敌蜘蛛和水稻的安全性,为该药剂拌种水稻防治稻飞虱提供理论依据。【方法】以不同浓度(22.5、45.0、67.5和90.0 g a.i./ha)的10%三氟苯嘧啶SC对杂交稻(丰优香占)和粳稻(南粳9108)进行拌种处理,以25%噻虫嗪WDG(135.0 g a.i./ha)为对照药剂,以清水处理为空白对照,室内分别测定拌种7和15 d后水稻种子的发芽率和出苗率,并在田间调查药剂拌种对稻飞虱的防治效果及对稻田蜘蛛和水稻的安全性。【结果】不同浓度10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种水稻后,各处理种子的发芽率和出苗率与空白对照均无显著差异(P>0.05)。10%三氟苯嘧啶SC用量≥22.5 g a.i./ha时,直播粳稻播种后98 d、杂交稻播种后126 d对稻飞虱的防效均在90.00%以上;机插秧粳稻播种后112 d、杂交稻播种后119 d对稻飞虱的防效均在90.00%以上;不同浓度10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种处理对旱育移栽秧田稻飞虱的防效较差,持效期短,自调查日起已基本丧失对稻飞虱的控制能力。对稻田蜘蛛调查及对水稻生长观察结果显示,直播稻和机插秧稻田蜘蛛种群数量均明显低于空白对照田,而不同处理旱育秧移栽田蜘蛛种群数量与空白对照田相当;不同浓度10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种处理对水稻生长发育无不良影响。【结论】利用10%三氟苯嘧啶SC 22.5~90.0 g a.i./ha拌种水稻可有效降低直播稻和机插秧田田间稻飞虱种群数量,对水稻安全,对天敌蜘蛛影响较小,可在水稻生产中推广应用。展开更多
基金Youth Program of the National Natural Sciences Foundation(Grant No.71503209)General Program of the National Natural Sciences Foundation(Grant No.71373210)+3 种基金Major Program of the National Social Sciences Foundation(Grant No.14ZDA052)Major Program of the Philosophical and Social Sciences Planning of Sichuan Province(Grant No.SC13ZD10)"New Century Outstanding Talent Support Program"the Special Fund for Fundamental Research of Central Universities(Grant No.JBK130502)
文摘Given the serious situation of food safety in China, the Chinese government has followed the policy of diverting resources to certain competitive firms and thus increasing market concentration as a means to improve food safety. This policy departs from the common practice in advanced economies of encouraging competition and restraining excessive corporate expansion. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of game theory, this paper investigates the impact of increased industry concentration on food safety. Our study finds that in a market environment where quality food enjoys a high premium, greater evenness of corporate size across firms will be conducive to mutual cooperation among firms for the provision of quality and safe food. Yet if the market is less sophisticated and the premium for quality food is low, it will be difficult to form mutual cooperation among firms and easier for low quality food manufacturers to take a free ride. In these circumstances, the larger size of quality food firms will make them less vulnerable to be affected by free rides and more motivated to manufacture quality and safe food. The latter scenario is consistent with China's market reality. Hence, increasing industry concentration in the current stage is conducive to mitigating the food safety crisis. Yet with the gradual improvement in market conditions, a competitive policy will be a better option in the long run.
文摘The key for dust control of coal mine is to clarify the dust concentration distribution and sedimentation in different areas. Both similarity experiment and numerical simulation method have certain restrictions and are quite different from the actual situation on site. In order to study the dust sedimentation regularity of coal mine in large mining height, “filter membrane method” is adopted in this paper, i.e., to dry and weigh the filter membrane before and after sampling, collect the dust of respirable zone on mining face and calculate the dust concentration based on a main airway of 100 m. The result shows that: A large amount of dust will be produced during coal mining, wherein the maximum dust concentration from 6 m upstream to 100 m downstream of coal cutter is 121 mg/m3</sup>, while the minimum dust concentration is 61 mg/m3</sup>;The dust concentration in return airway is reduced with the distance increases, while the dust concentration at the entrance is 91 mg/m3</sup>;A large amount of dust may fall from roof during section advancing and improves the dust concentration of hydraulic support in walking area obviously;The dust granularity of mining face and return airway is 0 - 100 μm, but the amount of respirable dust is higher than 80%, the larger the dust particle size, the higher the dust concentration. Besides, dust in small particle size can be suspended in air flow for longer, but that in large particle size may subside under the action of gravity;To reduce dust exposure, the mining position shall be located in the windward direction of advancing or coal cutter. This research can provide guidance for taking dust prevention measures of working face in large mining height.
文摘【目的】探明不同种植方式下10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种水稻后对稻飞虱的田间防治效果及对天敌蜘蛛和水稻的安全性,为该药剂拌种水稻防治稻飞虱提供理论依据。【方法】以不同浓度(22.5、45.0、67.5和90.0 g a.i./ha)的10%三氟苯嘧啶SC对杂交稻(丰优香占)和粳稻(南粳9108)进行拌种处理,以25%噻虫嗪WDG(135.0 g a.i./ha)为对照药剂,以清水处理为空白对照,室内分别测定拌种7和15 d后水稻种子的发芽率和出苗率,并在田间调查药剂拌种对稻飞虱的防治效果及对稻田蜘蛛和水稻的安全性。【结果】不同浓度10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种水稻后,各处理种子的发芽率和出苗率与空白对照均无显著差异(P>0.05)。10%三氟苯嘧啶SC用量≥22.5 g a.i./ha时,直播粳稻播种后98 d、杂交稻播种后126 d对稻飞虱的防效均在90.00%以上;机插秧粳稻播种后112 d、杂交稻播种后119 d对稻飞虱的防效均在90.00%以上;不同浓度10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种处理对旱育移栽秧田稻飞虱的防效较差,持效期短,自调查日起已基本丧失对稻飞虱的控制能力。对稻田蜘蛛调查及对水稻生长观察结果显示,直播稻和机插秧稻田蜘蛛种群数量均明显低于空白对照田,而不同处理旱育秧移栽田蜘蛛种群数量与空白对照田相当;不同浓度10%三氟苯嘧啶SC拌种处理对水稻生长发育无不良影响。【结论】利用10%三氟苯嘧啶SC 22.5~90.0 g a.i./ha拌种水稻可有效降低直播稻和机插秧田田间稻飞虱种群数量,对水稻安全,对天敌蜘蛛影响较小,可在水稻生产中推广应用。
