In forage grasses, the nitrogen concentration is directly related to the nutritional value. The studies examined the hypothesis that global elevation of CO2 concentration probably affects the biomass, nitrogen （N） c...In forage grasses, the nitrogen concentration is directly related to the nutritional value. The studies examined the hypothesis that global elevation of CO2 concentration probably affects the biomass, nitrogen （N） concentration, and allocation and distribution patterns in the organs of forage grasses. While sainfoin （Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.） seedlings grew on a low nutrient soil in closed chambers for 90 days, they were exposed to two CO2 concentrations （ambient or ambient＋350 μmol mol^-1 CO2） without adding nutrients to them. After 90 days exposure to CO2, the biomasses of leaves, stems, and roots, and N concentrations and contents of different parts were measured. Compared with the ambient CO2 concentration, the elevated CO2 concentration increased the total dry matter by 25.07%, mainly due to the root and leaf having positive response to the elevated CO2 concentration. However, the elevated CO2 concentration did not change the proportions of the dry matters in different parts and the total plants compared with the ambient CO2 concentration. The elevated CO2 concentration lowered the N concentrations of the plant parts. Because the dry matter was higher, the elevated CO2 concentration had no effect on the N content in the plants compared to the ambient CO2 concentration. The elevated CO2 concentration promoted N allocations of the different parts significantly and increased N allocation of the underground part. The results have confirmed the previous suggestions that the elevated CO2 concentration stimulates plant biomass production and decreases the N concentrations of the plant parts.展开更多
To solve the problem of lack of water in arid areas and barren soil in the process of ecological restoration,the growth and drought resistance of Sainfoin(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) was studied by inoculation of AMF...To solve the problem of lack of water in arid areas and barren soil in the process of ecological restoration,the growth and drought resistance of Sainfoin(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) was studied by inoculation of AMF(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), under drought stress. The results show that the inoculation of AMF can significantly improve the growth and mycorrhizal infection rate of Sainfoin and accelerate the absorption of water and nutrients by the roots compared with uninoculated plants. On the 40 th day under drought stress, the relative water content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the leaves of inoculated plants increased by 7.27%, 4.21% and 2.40%, respectively, the osmotic adjustment property in plant cells was improved, the protective enzyme system was improved and membrane lipid peroxidation was reduced. The inoculation of AMF can slow down the damage from drought, improve the drought resistance of Sainfoin, and will be of great significance to the ecologic restoration in arid areas.展开更多
植物品种DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试是植物新品种审定、登记的必要环节。DUS测试指南是品种审定机构开展DUS测试的基本依据。本研究按照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)技术文件《TGP/7植物新品种测试指南的研制》...植物品种DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试是植物新品种审定、登记的必要环节。DUS测试指南是品种审定机构开展DUS测试的基本依据。本研究按照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)技术文件《TGP/7植物新品种测试指南的研制》规定的程序要求,以90份红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)品种资源为试验材料,在新疆乌鲁木齐开展了两年的田间试验,经过多次同行专家论证修订,完成了红豆草DUS测试指南报批稿。指南规定了红豆草DUS测试的31个测试性状及其观测方法和判定标准,13个标准品种,并详细介绍了红豆草DUS测试指南研制的过程及指南的主要内容。指南的制订为国内红豆草新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性的判定提供了技术依据,对加强我国红豆草新品种保护具有重要意义,为红豆草产业健康发展提供技术保障。展开更多
The effects of replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in a total mixed ration(TMR)based diet on fatty acid(FA)reticular inflow and milk FA profile of dairy cows was investigated.The experiment followed a crossover ...The effects of replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in a total mixed ration(TMR)based diet on fatty acid(FA)reticular inflow and milk FA profile of dairy cows was investigated.The experiment followed a crossover design with 2 dietary treatments.The control diet consisted of grass silage,corn silage,concentrate and linseed.In the sainfoin diet,half of the grass silage was replaced by a sainfoin silage.Six rumen cannulated lactating multiparous dairy cows with a metabolic body weight of 132.5±3.6 kg BW^0.75,214±72 d in milk and an average milk production of 23.1±2.8 kg/d were used in the experiment.Cows were paired based on parity and milk production.Within pairs,cows were randomly assigned to either the control diet or the sainfoin diet for 2 experimental periods(29 d per period).In each period,the first 21 d,cows were housed individually in tie-stalls for adaptation,then next 4 d cows were housed individually in climate-controlled respiration chambers to measure CH4.During the last 4 d,cows were housed individually in tie stalls to measure milk FA profile and determine FA reticular inflow using the reticular sampling technique with Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate(EDTA)and Yb-acetate used as digesta flow markers.Although the dietary C18:3n-3 intake was lower(P=0.025)in the sainfoin diet group,the mono-unsaturated FA reticular inflow was greater(P=0.042)in cows fed the sainfoin diet.The reticular inflow of trans-9,trans-12-C18:2 and cis-12,trans-10 C18:2 was greater(P≤0.024)in the sainfoin diet group.The cows fed sainfoin diet had a lower(P≤0.038)apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of cis-9-C18:1 and C18:3n-3,compared to the cows fed the control diet.The sainfoin diet group had greater(P≤0.018)C18:3n-3 and cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 proportions in the milk FA profile compared to the control diet group.Transfer efficiencies from feed to milk of C18:2,C18:3n-3 and unsaturated FA were greater(P≤0.0179)for the sainfoin diet.Based on the results,it could be concluded that replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation and improves milk FA profile.展开更多
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(SRFDP200807181008)the Science Fund of Shaanxi Normal University for the Young Scholars,China
文摘In forage grasses, the nitrogen concentration is directly related to the nutritional value. The studies examined the hypothesis that global elevation of CO2 concentration probably affects the biomass, nitrogen （N） concentration, and allocation and distribution patterns in the organs of forage grasses. While sainfoin （Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.） seedlings grew on a low nutrient soil in closed chambers for 90 days, they were exposed to two CO2 concentrations （ambient or ambient＋350 μmol mol^-1 CO2） without adding nutrients to them. After 90 days exposure to CO2, the biomasses of leaves, stems, and roots, and N concentrations and contents of different parts were measured. Compared with the ambient CO2 concentration, the elevated CO2 concentration increased the total dry matter by 25.07%, mainly due to the root and leaf having positive response to the elevated CO2 concentration. However, the elevated CO2 concentration did not change the proportions of the dry matters in different parts and the total plants compared with the ambient CO2 concentration. The elevated CO2 concentration lowered the N concentrations of the plant parts. Because the dry matter was higher, the elevated CO2 concentration had no effect on the N content in the plants compared to the ambient CO2 concentration. The elevated CO2 concentration promoted N allocations of the different parts significantly and increased N allocation of the underground part. The results have confirmed the previous suggestions that the elevated CO2 concentration stimulates plant biomass production and decreases the N concentrations of the plant parts.
基金provided by the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province (No. 20121101008), is gratefully acknowledged
文摘To solve the problem of lack of water in arid areas and barren soil in the process of ecological restoration,the growth and drought resistance of Sainfoin(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) was studied by inoculation of AMF(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), under drought stress. The results show that the inoculation of AMF can significantly improve the growth and mycorrhizal infection rate of Sainfoin and accelerate the absorption of water and nutrients by the roots compared with uninoculated plants. On the 40 th day under drought stress, the relative water content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the leaves of inoculated plants increased by 7.27%, 4.21% and 2.40%, respectively, the osmotic adjustment property in plant cells was improved, the protective enzyme system was improved and membrane lipid peroxidation was reduced. The inoculation of AMF can slow down the damage from drought, improve the drought resistance of Sainfoin, and will be of great significance to the ecologic restoration in arid areas.
文摘植物品种DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试是植物新品种审定、登记的必要环节。DUS测试指南是品种审定机构开展DUS测试的基本依据。本研究按照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)技术文件《TGP/7植物新品种测试指南的研制》规定的程序要求,以90份红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)品种资源为试验材料,在新疆乌鲁木齐开展了两年的田间试验,经过多次同行专家论证修订,完成了红豆草DUS测试指南报批稿。指南规定了红豆草DUS测试的31个测试性状及其观测方法和判定标准,13个标准品种,并详细介绍了红豆草DUS测试指南研制的过程及指南的主要内容。指南的制订为国内红豆草新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性的判定提供了技术依据,对加强我国红豆草新品种保护具有重要意义,为红豆草产业健康发展提供技术保障。
基金financially supported by the European Commission Marie Curie Research Training Network grant“LegumePlus”(PITN-GA-2011-289377)
文摘The effects of replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in a total mixed ration(TMR)based diet on fatty acid(FA)reticular inflow and milk FA profile of dairy cows was investigated.The experiment followed a crossover design with 2 dietary treatments.The control diet consisted of grass silage,corn silage,concentrate and linseed.In the sainfoin diet,half of the grass silage was replaced by a sainfoin silage.Six rumen cannulated lactating multiparous dairy cows with a metabolic body weight of 132.5±3.6 kg BW^0.75,214±72 d in milk and an average milk production of 23.1±2.8 kg/d were used in the experiment.Cows were paired based on parity and milk production.Within pairs,cows were randomly assigned to either the control diet or the sainfoin diet for 2 experimental periods(29 d per period).In each period,the first 21 d,cows were housed individually in tie-stalls for adaptation,then next 4 d cows were housed individually in climate-controlled respiration chambers to measure CH4.During the last 4 d,cows were housed individually in tie stalls to measure milk FA profile and determine FA reticular inflow using the reticular sampling technique with Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate(EDTA)and Yb-acetate used as digesta flow markers.Although the dietary C18:3n-3 intake was lower(P=0.025)in the sainfoin diet group,the mono-unsaturated FA reticular inflow was greater(P=0.042)in cows fed the sainfoin diet.The reticular inflow of trans-9,trans-12-C18:2 and cis-12,trans-10 C18:2 was greater(P≤0.024)in the sainfoin diet group.The cows fed sainfoin diet had a lower(P≤0.038)apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of cis-9-C18:1 and C18:3n-3,compared to the cows fed the control diet.The sainfoin diet group had greater(P≤0.018)C18:3n-3 and cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 proportions in the milk FA profile compared to the control diet group.Transfer efficiencies from feed to milk of C18:2,C18:3n-3 and unsaturated FA were greater(P≤0.0179)for the sainfoin diet.Based on the results,it could be concluded that replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation and improves milk FA profile.
