Variations in Inflammatory Cells and IL-6 in Long-Distance Runners Susceptible to Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Previously Treated with Salbutamol

Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.

Separation of Salbutamol by Nano-baskets of Calix[4]arene Bearing Sulfonyl-carboxamides in Partial-cone Conformation

Salbutamol,which increases the muscle mass and decreases the adipose tissue,is misused as nutrient repartitioning agent in the livestock.The novelty of this work is the determination of salbutamol in the livestock meat via new bonded-phases bearing eight derivatives of p-tert-calix[4]arene in partial-cone conformation.The new synthesized bonded-phases were characterized and optimized.The bonding interactions of solute and stationary-phases were examined and the main interactions were reported.The salbutamol levels in six samples of livestock meat were analyzed and the results reveal that for the best bonded-phases,the limit of detection（LOD） and limit of quantitation（LOQ） were 0.02 and 0.06 μg/mL,respectively.

Ultrasonic Studies of 4-Aminobutyric Acid in Aqueous Salbutamol Sulphate Solutions at Different Temperatures

Ultrasonic speeds of 4-aminobutyric acid in 0.0041,0.0125 and 0.0207 mol·kg^-1 aqueous salbutamol sulphate（SBS） solutions are measured at 308.15,313.15 and 318.15 K.Isentropic compressibility kS,change in isentropic compressibility△k S,relative change in isentropic compressibility（ △kS /kS^0） ,apparent molal compressibility kφ,limiting apparent molal compressibility kφ^0 ,transfer limiting apparent molal compressibility k φ^0,hydration number nH,pair and triplet interaction parameters kAS,kASS are estimated.The above parameters are used to interpret the solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions of 4-aminobutyric acid in the aqueous salbutamol sulphate solutions.

Enantiomeric Separation of Epinephrine and Salbutamol by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Additive

Enantiomeric separation of epinephrine and salbutamol was investigated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography employing β-cyclodextrin as chiral additive in ammonium chloride-ammonia solution. The analytes were detected by electrochemistry using gold microelectrode at +0.65 V versus SCE reference electrode. The effects of detection potential, concentration of β-cyclodextrin, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, pH value of electrolyte and applied voltage were discussed.

Influence of budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation on Th17/Treg balance in patients with bronchial asthma and its correlation with airway remodeling

Objective:To study the influence of budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation on Th17/Treg balance in patients with bronchial asthma and its correlation with airway remodeling.Methods:A total of 90 patients with bronchial asthma who received systemic treatment in our hospital between July 2013 and April 2016 were divided into control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45) according to random number table. Patients in the control group were treated with salbutamol atomization inhalation alone while those in observation group were treated with budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation. The Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood as well as serum contents of airway remodeling-related indicators was compared between two groups before and after treatment. The correlation between Th17/Treg balance and airway remodeling in patients with bronchial asthma was detected by Pearson test. Results:Before treatment, the differences in peripheral blood Th17/Treg ratio as well as serum contents of inflammatory mediators, growth factor indexes and collagen metabolism indexes were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, peripheral blood Th17/Treg ratio in observation group was lower than that in control group, serum CRP, IL-8, IL-13 and TNF- contents in observation group were lower than those in control group, serum PDGF-BB, b-FGF and VEGF contents in observation group were lower than those in control group, and serum HA, PCⅢ and LN contents in observation group were lower than those in control group. The Th17/Treg ratio in patients with bronchial asthma after treatment was positively correlated with the levels of airway remodeling-related indexes.Conclusion:Budesonide combined with salbutamol atomization inhalation can optimize the Th17/Treg balance in patients with bronchial asthma, and Th17/Treg is directly correlated to the degree of airway remodeling.

Preparation of Ultra-fine Salbutamol Sulfate Particles by Reactive Precipitation and Characterization of Dry Powder Inhalant

The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _

Comparative toxicity assessment between generic salbutamol sulphate inhaler containing hydrofluoroalkane and Ventolin Evohaler

Salbutamol is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is mostly taken through an inhaler device. The comparative toxicity assessment between two salbutamol sulfate preparations containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) metered dose inhalers with 100 μg per puff was evaluated in selected patients with asthma and COPD after prescribing. An open label, non-randomized, non-interventional observational study was designed. A large cohort of patients with asthma or related respiratory disorder of the general population from Dhaka and Chittagong of Bangladesh were recruited and treated with prescribed generic preparation Azmasol inhaler and brand preparation Ventolin Evohaler. Total 508 patients with asthma and minor obstructive airway disease were selected by the general medical practitioners in Bangladesh those who visited out patient consultation center in hospitals and physicians’ chambers and reported any adverse side effects of inhaled medications. There were no significant differences between the metered dose generic preparation Azmasol inhaler and Ventolon Evohaler among the patients treated with the medicines in asthma and related respiratory diseases in terms of adverse effects like immune system problem,dizziness,tremor,headache,nervousness,diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,heartburn,palpitation,skin rash,hypertension and taste feeling. It is concluded that Azmasol Inhaler, the generic salbutamol sulphate metered dose preparation containing HFA was as safe as the Ventolin Evohaler,a salbutamol sulfate brand preparation containing HFA when given to the patients in primary care after their physicians’ visits. Both the preparations have shown the similar safety profiles after regular use.

Development of a Kind of Immunomagnetic Bead Kit to Separate and Enrich Salbutamol

An immunomagnetic bead kit to separate and enrich salbutamol was prepared through the reaction between salbutamol and 4-aminobenzoic acid.The kit had a catch of 20 ng/ml to salbutamol in samples,and showed no cross reaction with competitive drugs with structure and function similar to salbutamol: clenbuterol,ractopamine,phenylethanolamine A, bromchlorbuterol, brombuterol, terbutaline, hydroxymethyl salbutamol,cimaterol,tulobuterol,mapenterol,cimbuterol,clenpenterol,zilpaterol,penbutolol,clenproperol,mabuterol and clorprenaline.

Design and comparative in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of starch-acrylate graft copolymer based salbutamol sulphate sustained release tablets

The present work deals with the development of controlled release tablets of salbutamol sulphate(SS)using graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate(St-g-PMMA and Ast-g-PMMA)on starch and acetylated starch.Formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness,friability,drug release,drug content and weight variations,which fulfilled all the official requirements of tablet dosage form.The release rates from formulated matrix tablets were studied at SGF(pH 1.2)followed by SIF(pH 6.8).Drug release from the graft copolymer based tablets was found to be sustained upto the 14 h with>75%drug release.The in-vitro release study showed that the graft copolymer based matrix formulations(F3&F4)exhibited highest correlation value(r2)for higuchi kinetic model and Korsmeyer's model with n values between 0.61 and 0.67 proved that release mechanisms were governed by both diffusion and erosion mechanism.There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters(tmax,Cmax,AUC,Ke,and t1/2)of the graft copolymers matrices and HPMC K100M matrix tablets,indicating their comparable sustained release effect.The potential of graft copolymers to sustain the drug release is well supported by in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies and their adequate physicochemical properties make them promising excipients for controlled drug delivery system.

Hollow fiber liquid-supported membrane technology for enantioseparation of racemic salbutamol by combinatorial chiral selectors

Enantioseparation of salbutamol solute was carried out in liquid-supported membrane by using a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber module. The enantioselective transport of solute was facilitated by combinatorial chiral selectors, which were dissolved in toluene organic solvent. The effects of molar concentration ratios of salbutamol to combinatorial chiral selectors, and the pH value of buffer solution on enantioseparation were investigated. The results show that when the molar concentration ratio is 2∶1∶1, the maximum separation factor and enantiomer excess are 1.49 and 19.74%, respectively, and the R-enantiomer flux is more than S-enantiomer; the pH value of buffer solution influences the performances of enantioseparartion obviously, and the appropriate range of pH value is 7.07.2.

Determination of Salbutamol Sulfate Content by Molecular Spectroscopy with Cu2+ as a Medium

Salbutamol sulfate was coordinated with Cu2+ when pH was 10, and the characteristic absorption peak of the complex was generated at 334 nm. The absorption intensity of the complex was in linear relation with the concentration of salbutamol sulfate. The regression equation was A=0.011 ρsalbutamol sulfate-0.123 0, correlation coefficient r=0.999 5, and the detection limit was 4.6 μg/ml. It was used for the determination of salbutamol sulfate samples successfully. The recovery rate was 100.5%-103.0%, and the RSD was 1.5%.

Salbutamol对心肌和冠状血管的作用

肾上腺素能β-受体有两种:β-1在心和肠肌;β-2在血管、支气管和其他平滑肌。冠状血管的肾上腺素能受体还未明确。有人观察到,用心得宁消除异丙基肾上腺素(IP)对心肌的作用后,IP 还可增加冠脉血流,因而指出,冠状血管的β受体可能为β-2。也有人认为,心得宁不能区分心肌和冠状血管的β-受体。近来发现,β-受体激动剂 salbutamol(SAL)可区分各种组织的β-受体。

金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入疗法在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎中的应用观察

目的分析金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的效果。方法前瞻性选取2022年2月—2023年2月常熟市第二人民医院收治的114例MPP患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组、研究组,每组57例。对照组给予布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予金花清感颗粒,连续治疗10 d评估效果。比较两组症状改善情况、肺功能、临床疗效、气道重塑指标、炎症因子、T淋巴细胞亚群及药物不良反应发生情况。结果研究组发热消退时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的达峰时间比、达峰容积比、呼吸频率的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的气道壁厚度/外径比值、气道面积/总横截面积比值的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗儿童MPP疗效显著,可改善肺功能,抗气道重塑,抑制炎症反应,改善T淋巴细胞亚群,且安全性良好。

硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂与茶碱缓释片治疗急诊老年哮喘的临床效果

目的 探讨硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂与茶碱缓释片治疗急诊老年哮喘的临床效果。方法 80例急诊老年哮喘患者,应用计算机随机数字表法将所有患者分成常规组与联合组,每组40例。常规组患者使用硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂吸入治疗,联合组患者采用硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂吸入治疗联合茶碱缓释片口服治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后第1秒用力呼气容积、炎性因子[白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-13、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)]水平以及临床疗效、不良反应发生率。结果 治疗4、8周,两组组患者第1秒用力呼气容积均高于治疗前,联合组第1秒用力呼气容积分别为(2.47±0.21)、(2.62±0.17)L,均高于常规组的(2.03±0.23)、(2.16±0.11)L(P<0.05)。联合组临床总有效率90.00%高于常规组的67.50%(P<0.05)。治疗2、8周,两组患者IL-4、IL-13、IFN-γ水平均低于治疗前,联合组患者IL-4分别为(12.03±1.52)、(10.47±1.61)pg/ml,低于常规组的(15.98±1.47)、(12.69±1.63)pg/ml, IL-13分别为(195.26±21.69)、(182.36±27.98)pg/ml,低于常规组的(213.98±21.66)、(200.48±26.39)pg/ml, IFN-γ分别为(8.36±0.62)、(5.17±0.32)pg/ml,低于常规组的(10.47±0.69)、(7.69±0.36)pg/ml(P<0.05)。联合组不良反应发生率22.50%与常规组的17.50%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂联合茶碱缓释片用于治疗急诊老年哮喘既有较好的安全性,还能提升抑制炎症反应、提升呼吸功能的作用。

左沙丁胺醇在联合雾化吸入中的稳定性研究

目的:建立一种用新型键合纤维素手性固定相拆分沙丁胺醇对映异构体的高效液相色谱法,并研究联合超声雾化过程中左沙丁胺醇(R-沙丁胺醇)的稳定性。方法:使用Chiralpak IC(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)手性色谱柱,流动相为正己烷-异丙醇(80∶20,V/V,0.1%二乙胺),流速0.8 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长226 nm拆分沙丁胺醇对映体。布地奈德、R-沙丁胺醇联合超声雾化30 min后,制备样品溶液,判断R-沙丁胺醇超声雾化中稳定性。结果:沙丁胺醇在新型键合纤维素手性固定相上能够完全分离,分离度为2.12,先流出物为R-沙丁胺醇。对比联合雾化后和刚拆封R-沙丁胺醇吸入溶液色谱图,峰型及峰面积变化不大,说明联合雾化中R-沙丁胺醇稳定性较好。结论:本方法可方便地实现沙丁胺醇对映体的分离,与布地奈德联合雾化30 min,R-沙丁胺醇稳定性较好。

小儿肺咳颗粒联合硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘患儿急性发作期的临床研究

目的探讨小儿肺咳颗粒联合硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘患儿急性发作期的效果。方法选取2021年10月至2022年11月在江西省儿童医院接受治疗的支气管哮喘患儿84例,按随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组在常规治疗基础上采用硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化吸入溶液治疗;观察组在对照组基础上联合小儿肺咳颗粒口服治疗;2组均治疗7 d。比较2组的临床疗效以及治疗前后呼气峰值流速占预计值百分比(PEF%)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白三烯B4、C反应蛋白(CRP)、CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)水平和不良反应发生情况。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组[90.5%(38/42)比73.8%(31/42)](P=0.046)。治疗后,2组PEF%、FEV_(1)%均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组[(90±10)%比(85±10)%、(92±8)%比(88±8)%](均P<0.05);2组血清IL-1β、白三烯B4、CRP水平均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组(均P<0.05);2组CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)水平均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组,2组CD_(8)^(+)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小儿肺咳颗粒联合硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘患儿急性发作期的效果较好,可有效改善患儿的肺功能及细胞免疫功能,降低炎症反应。

基于硼亲和分子印迹策略的MOF/MIPs对沙丁胺醇的选择性吸附和计算模拟

为了探索所构筑的硼酸功能化金属有机框架(MOF)表面印迹材料(FSU-BA@MIP)对底物的亲和识别能力,对FSU-BA@MIP的金属-有机骨架材料(UiO-66-BA)中的3-羧基苯硼酸配体与沙丁胺醇间的硼亲和作用进行计算,再采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对FSU-BA@MIP材料对沙丁胺醇的选择性机理进行模拟,最后进行选择性实验.计算结果表明,离子化的3-羧基苯硼酸与沙丁胺醇间存在的氢键作用使得这两种物质有较强的作用力,更容易形成硼酸环酯;与竞争物质相比,UiO-66-BA与沙丁胺醇的结合能与反应能最低,说明所形成的FSU-BA@MIP印迹材料对底物沙丁胺醇具有特异性吸附.分析结果与实验得到的沙丁胺醇的最高吸附量一致,说明UiO-66-BA是一种可用于分析顺式二醇化合物的理想硼酸功能化材料.

乙酰半胱氨酸联合布地奈德和沙丁胺醇治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期临床研究

目的探讨乙酰半胱氨酸联合布地奈德和沙丁胺醇治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床疗效,以及对患者血清和肽素、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平的影响。方法选取湖北省武汉市第七医院2021年1月至2023年1月收治的AECOPD患者120例,按随机数字表法分观察组和对照组,各60例。两组患者均予常规治疗、布地奈德和硫酸沙丁胺醇,观察组患者加用乙酰半胱氨酸,均持续治疗14 d。结果观察组的总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的86.67%(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者治疗后的喘息、咳痰、咳嗽、肺部哮鸣音等典型症状缓解时间均显著更短(P<0.05),肺功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))/FVC、最大自主分钟通气量、深吸气量]、咳嗽和咳痰评估问卷(CASA-Q)评分、血清总抗氧化能力和GSH-Px水平均显著更高(P<0.05),COPD患者自我评估问卷(CAT)评分、血清和肽素和内皮素1水平均显著更低(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率相当(28.33%比20.00%,P>0.05)。结论乙酰半胱氨酸联合布地奈德和沙丁胺醇治疗AECOPD的临床疗效良好,能有效改善患者的肺功能,减轻炎性反应,提升抗氧化水平,且安全性好。

布地奈德联合硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作的效果分析

目的 探究布地奈德联合硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作的效果。方法 非随机选取2022年5月—2023年5月赤峰市医院收治的108例小儿哮喘急性发作患儿为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分成对照组与观察组,每组54例。对照组通过硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗,观察组通过布地奈德与沙丁胺醇雾化吸入联合治疗,比较两组治疗效果、不良反应发生率、肺功能、临床症状消失时间及炎症因子水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率为98.15%(53/54),高于对照组的85.19%(46/54),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.364,P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率略低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗后肺功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组各项临床症状消失时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);治疗后观察组炎症因子水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 布地奈德与硫酸沙丁胺醇共同用药治疗,可对小儿哮喘急性发作患儿发挥重要治疗作用,疗效好,治疗安全性高,促进患儿肺功能指标恢复,减少临床症状消失时间,减轻炎症反应,对患儿尽早康复有积极影响。

硫酸沙丁胺醇物与丙卡特罗物治疗支气管哮喘患儿的对比研究

目的对比分析硫酸沙丁胺醇与丙卡特罗治疗支气管哮喘(BA)患儿的研究效果。方法选取BA患儿90例,随机分为研究组(n=45)和常规组(n=45),常规组予以丙卡特罗治疗,研究组予以硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗。比较2组临床疗效、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)、第1s用力呼气量(FEV1)]、哮喘症状评分、症状(哮鸣音、呼吸困难、咳嗽)消失时间及不良反应发生率。结果研究组总有效率95.56%(43/45)较常规组77.78%(35/45)高(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组FVC、PEF、FEV1水平较常规组高(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组哮喘日间症状、哮喘夜间症状评分均较常规组低(P<0.05);研究组咳嗽、哮鸣音、呼吸困难消失天数均较常规组短(P<0.05);2组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论和丙卡特罗治疗相比,硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗BA患儿,可提高疗效,改善肺功能和临床症状,安全可靠。