Dynamics of Saline-alkali Land and Its Ecological Regionalization in Western Songnen Plain, China

As the important reserve land resources for food production,saline-alkali land should play a significant role to ensure the national food security in the context of global food crisis. The western Songnen Plain is one of main distribution regions of saline-alkali land in China,with great potential in agricultural development. In this study,the extent,transformation,spatial distribution and temporal change of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain during 1954–2005 were investigated by using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods. Saline-alkali land change was detected from a temporal series of topographic maps in 1954,satellite images of Landsat MSS in 1976,Landsat TM/ETM in 1988,2000 and 2005 through artificial visual interpretation. The results indicated a significant expansion in saline-alkali land area and aggravation in salinization. The area of saline-alkali land had increased from 401.48×103 ha in 1954 to 1 097.45×103 ha in 2005. While the ratio of light,moderate and serious salinized land areas changed from 6.72︰2.92︰1.00 to 1.25︰1.06︰1.00 in the study period. Grassland,cropland,swampland and water body were the major land use and land cover types from which saline-alkali land transformed. And the secondary salinization occured mainly in Da′an City,Tongyu County,Changling County,Daqing City,Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhaoyuan County. Finally,seven large ecoregions and 14 corresponding sub-ecoregions were delineated out based on spatio-temopral dynamic characteristics of saline-alkali land and geo-relational environmental attributes. According to the results,measures of amelioration and ways of development of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain were put forward.

Saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta: amelioration zonation based on GIS

Soil salinization is one of the major land degradation types and has greatly influenced sustainable agricultural development. Zonation of saline-alkali land is the precondition for effective amelioration. The present situation of saline-alkali land is monitored by remote sensing image processing. Causes for land salinization are analyzed, especially the two key factors, ground water depth and its mineralization degree, are analyzed by using long-term observation data. Previously, zonation of saline-alkali soil was made descriptively and artificially. Based on the present situation of saline-alkali land, ground water depth and ground water mineralization degree, the zonation of saline-alkali land for amelioration in the Yellow River Delta was completed quantitatively. Four different types of saline-alkali land amelioration zones are delineated, namely, easy ameliorated zone, relatively difficult ameliorated zone, difficult ameliorated zone and unfavorable ameliorated zone. Countermeasures for ameliorating saline-alkali soils are put forward according to ecological conditions of different saline-alkali land zones.

The Salt Reduction and Yield Increase Effects of Smashing Ridging Transforming Saline-alkali Land and Its Development Prospects

Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors, transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015 -2016. The results showed, in severe saline-alkali soil of Xin-jiang ,after growing cotton by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 31.31 %, cotton production increased by 48.80%, and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi, after growing summer corn by smashing ridging, total salt in soil decreased by 42.37%, corn yield increased by 34.83%, salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland ; in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia 7 Gansu ,Jilin, Henan, Hebei, and so on, smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted ; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging, the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.

Effects of Soil Improver on Wheat in Saline-Alkali Lands in the Yellow River Delta

Field experiment carried out to test the effects of soil improver on wheat yield and soil physical-chemical properties. The results indicated that soil improver could optimize soil aggregates structure, decrease soil bulk density, soil pH and soil salt content, increase soil organic matter and 1 000-grain weight, thereby enhancing wheat yield. With the increase of soil improver application amount, soil physical-chemical properties became better and wheat yield increased. However, there was no significant difference in the treatments with the application amounts of 3%, 4% and 5%. In addition, the treatment of reducing nitrogen showed no superiority in soil physical-chemical properties and wheat yield, indicating that sufficient nitrogen was essential for the growth of wheat.

Element and mineral characterization of dust emission from the saline land at Songnen Plain, Northeastern China

Recent observations of Asian dust storms show an eastern expansion of the source area to degraded lands, where dust emissions have been little studied. The dust concentrations over the saline land of the western Songnen Plain （SSL）, Northeastern China, are circumstantially higher than those from the northwestern Chinese deserts. These concentrations are sensitive to the surface soil conditions and wind velocity on the ground. The dust samples collected during dust storm events on the SSL contain abundant Na, Mg, A1, K, Ca, Fe and Ti, as well as toxic elements such as Cu, V, Zn and Ba. Individual particle analysis reveals that fine saline particles （〈 10 μm in diameter） on the saline land, consisting largely of carbonate, halite and sulfate together with lithogenic minerals such as SiO2 and aluminosilicate, are eventually uplifted during the interval from spring to autuum. The predominantly fine saline particles uplifted from the SSL are likely transported eastward by the winter monsoon circulation and westerlies. Recent degradation of saline lands in Northeastern China would not only increase the frequency of dust storm events in the downwind area, but also might change the chemical composition of the Asian dust emissions.

Fodder Halophytes for Saline Lands of Kyzylkum Desert

The article is devoted to the economic and biological characteristics of promising desert semi-shrub halophytes (Kochia prostrate, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides ewersmaniana, Halothamhus subaphyllus, Camphorosma lessingii) to improve saline lands of the Kyzylkum desert.

Carbon storage in a wolfberry plantation chronosequence established on a secondary saline land in an arid irrigated area of Gansu Province,China

Carbon（C） storage has received significant attention for its relevance to agricultural security and climate change. Afforestation can increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems, and has been recognized as an important measure to offset CO_2 emissions. In order to analyze the C benefits of planting wolfberry（Lycium barbarum L.） on the secondary saline lands in arid areas, we conducted a case study on the dynamics of biomass carbon（BC） storage and soil organic carbon（SOC） storage in different-aged wolfberry plantations（4-, 7-and 11-year-old） established on a secondary saline land as well as on the influence of wolfberry plantations on C storage in the plant-soil system in an arid irrigated area（Jingtai County） of Gansu Province, China. The C sequestration and its potential in the wolfberry plantations of Gansu Province were also evaluated. An intact secondary saline land was selected as control. Results show that wolfberry planting could decrease soil salinity, and increase BC, SOC and litter C storage of the secondary saline land significantly, especially in the first 4 years after planting. The aboveground and belowground BC storage values in the intact secondary saline land（control） accounted for only 1.0% and 1.2% of those in the wolfberry plantations, respectively. Compared to the intact secondary saline land, the SOC storage values in the 4-, 7-and 11-year-old wolfberry plantations increased by 36.4%, 37.3% and 43.3%, respectively, and the SOC storage in the wolfberry plantations occupied more than 92% of the ecosystem C storage. The average BC and SOC sequestration rates of the wolfberry plantations for the age group of 0–11 years were 0.73 and 3.30 Mg C/（hm^2·a）, respectively. There were no significant difference in BC and SOC storage between the 7-year-old and 11-year-old wolfberry plantations, which may be due in part to the large amounts of C offtakes in new branches and fruits. In Gansu Province, the C storage in the wolfberry plantations has reached up to 3.574 Tg in 2013, and the C sequestration potential of the existing wolfberry plantations was 0.134 Tg C/a. These results indicate that wolfberry planting is an ideal agricultural model to restore the degraded saline lands and increase the C sequestration capacity of agricultural lands in arid areas.

Transport Characteristics of Soil Salinity in Saline- alkali Land under Water Storage and Drainage Conditions

To test the variation and transport of soil salinity in saline- alkali land under water storage and drainage treatments,an experimental model was established in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,2009. The variation of soil salinity during 0- 160 cm soil depth under the two treatments was determined and analyzed. Results showed that the average soil water content under water storage treatment was 4. 47% higher than that under drainage treatment,which means that the water storage treatment could help to improve soil moisture to satisfy the crop's growth needs. The profile distribution of soil soluble solids( TDS),anion( Cl-,HCO3-,SO2-4) and cation( Ca2 +,Na+,K+) content and the variation of soil p H were also measured and analyzed. PCA( Principal Component Analysis) was used to explore the relationship between the soil salinity and its ions,which showed that the water storage treatment could significantly decrease the surface salinity of soil and accelerate the desalination of topsoils,and finally,the soil quality was improved significantly,demonstrating that the water storage treatment has a remarkable effect on soil salinity management.

The background features of natural environment and the harnessing pattern for the spread of saline land in the Songnen Plain

The Songnen Plain lying in the central part of the Northeast China Plain covers an area of about 170 000 km2. There are vast patches of saline land, which are still in the process of enlargement. The spread of saline land has already caused the worsening of ecoenvironment and hindered agricultural development in the region. The paper analyses background factors of natural environment that caused the spread of saline land according to the information of Landsat TM images. The result shows that among the three kinds of lakes the fault lake is the background factor of natural environment that causes the spread of saline land under arid conditions. Its lakebeach meadows could not recover from the excessive utilization in farming and stockraising. The proposed countermeasures to prevent and control the spread of saline land serve as biological steps or water conservancy facilities to protect the lakebeach meadows of the fault lakes from being artificial excessively utilized.

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in Mapping Partition Saline Intrusion to Paddy Land:A Case Study at Phu Vang District,Thua Thien Hue Province

Adapting and restricting salinity intrusion in Vietnam is being concerned by more researchers as well as the local authorities.This study aimed to use remote sensing and geographic information system(GIS)technology for mapping paddy areas and salinity intrusion in spring crop 2015 at Phu Vang district,thereby helping precondition for assessing and monitoring changes in salinity intrusion to serve for salinization management in study area.Based on acquisition imagery,land use map and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)were extracted to interpolate the salinity of area by combining the laboratory analysis of collected soil samples from the field.The result showed that there were 1,067.107 ha of salinity land area accounting for 10.04%of the rice land in Phu Vang district,where the moderate salinity level was 180.67 ha and low salinity level was 866.431 ha.The salinity rice land was mainly distributed in Vinh Ha commune,Phu An commune and Phu Dien commune.The salinity in this area ranged from 0.4 mS/cm to 1.41 mS/cm and the moderate salinity was approximately 0.9 mS/cm.Besides,this research also showed that the salinity(electrical conductivity)and the development of vegetation(NDVI)were closely related with each other up to 61.4%.

Land Degradation Due to Salinization in Arid and Semi-arid Regions with the Aid of Geo-information Techniques

This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1：250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The northern part of the Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case. Multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both Landsat TM and thematic maps （ETM＋） were used as the bases to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and salinization detection. With ERDAS ver. 9.1 software, the Normalized Differential Salinity Index （NDSl） and Salinity Index （S.I.） were computed and then evaluated for land degradation by salinization. Arc/Info ver. 9.2 software was used along with field observation data （GPS） for analysis. Using spatial analysis methods, results showed that 19 973.1 km^2 （72%） of land had no risk of land degradation by salinization, 3 684.7 km^2 （13%） had slight land degradation by salinization risk, 2 797.9 km^2 （10%） had moderate land degradation by salinization risk, and 1 218.9 km^2 （4%） of the total land area was at a high risk of land degradation by salinization. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high risk of soil salinization.

Evaluating and modeling the spatiotemporal pattern of regional-scale salinized land expansion in highly sensitive shoreline landscape of southeastern Iran

Taking an area of about 2.3×10~4 km~2 of southeastern Iran, this study aims to detect and predict regional-scale salt-affected lands. Three sets of Landsat images, each set containing 4 images for 1986, 2000, and 2015 were acquired as the main source of data. Radiometric, atmospheric and cutline blending methods were used to improve the quality of images and help better classify salinized land areas under the support vector machine method. A set of landscape metrics was also employed to detect the spatial pattern of salinized land expansion from 1986 to 2015. Four factors including distance to sea, distance to sea water channels, slope, and elevation were identified as the main contributing factors to land salinization. These factors were then integrated using the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) procedure to generate land sensitivity map to salinization and also to calibrate the cellular-automata (CA) Markov chain (CA-Markov) model for simulation of salt-affected lands up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. The results of this study showed a dramatic dispersive expansion of salinized land from 7.7 % to 12.7% of the total study area from 1986 to 2015. The majority of areas prone to salinization and the highest sensitivity of land to salinization was found to be in the southeastern parts of the region. The result of the MCE-informed CA-Markov model revealed that 20.3% of the study area is likely to be converted to salinized lands by 2050. The findings of this research provided a view of the magnitude and direction of salinized land expansion in a past-to-future time period which should be considered in future land development strategies.

Comparative Study among Different Semi-Empirical Models for Soil Salinity Prediction in an Arid Environment Using OLI Landsat-8 Data

Salt-affected soils, caused by natural or human activities, are a common environmental hazard in semi-arid and arid landscapes. Excess salts in soils affect plant growth and production, soil and water quality and, therefore, increase soil erosion and land degradation. This research investigates the performance of five different semi-empirical predictive models for soil salinity spatial distribution mapping in arid environment using OLI sensor image data. This is the first attempt to test remote sensing based semi-empirical salinity predictive models in this area: the Kingdom of Bahrain. To achieve our objectives, OLI data were standardized from the atmosphere interferences, the sensor radiometric drift, and the topographic and geometric distortions. Then, the five semi-empirical predictive models based on the Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI), the Salinity Index-ASTER (SI-ASTER), the Salinity Index-1 (SI-1), the Soil Salinity and Sodicity Index-1 and Index-2 (SSSI-1 and SSSI-2), developed for slight and moderate salinity in agricultural land, were implemented and applied to OLI image data. For validation purposes, a fieldwork was organized and different important spots-locations representing different salinity levels were visited, photographed, and localized using an accurate GPS (σ ≤ ±30 cm). Based on this a priori knowledge of the soil salinity, six validation sites were selected to reflect non-saline, low, moderate, high and extreme salinity classes, descriptive statistics extracted from polygons and/or transects over these sites were used. The obtained results showed that the models based on NDSI, SI-1 and SI-ASTER all failed to detect salinity bounds for both extreme salinity (Sabkhah) and non-saline conditions. In Fact, NDSI and SI-ASTER gave respectively only 35% dS/m and 25% dS/m in extreme salinity validation site, while SI-1 and SI-ASTER indicated 38% dS/m and 39% dS/m in non-saline validation site. Therefore, these three models were deemed inadequate for the study site. However, both SSSI-1 and SSSI-2 allowed a detection of the previous salinity bounds and furthermore described similarly and correctly the urban-vegetation areas and the open-land areas. Their predicted EC is around 10% dS/m for non-saline urban soil, about 25% dS/m for low salinity urban-vegetation soil, approximately 30% to 75% dS/m, respectively, for moderate to high salinity soils. SSSI-2 based semi-empirical salinity models was able to differentiate the high salinity versus extreme salinity in areas where both exist and was very accurate to highlight the pure salt where SSSI-1 has reach saturation for both salinity classes. In conclusion, reliable salinity map was produced using the model based on SSSI-2 and OLI sensor data that allows a better characterization of the soil salinity problem in an Arid Environment.

Temporal Variations on Soil Salinity and Cation Displacement at Saemangeum and Yeongsangang Reclaimed Tidal Lands

Soil salinity at reclaimed tidal land in Korea is highly variable and depending on soil characteristics and weather conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes on soil salinity and the relationships between soil salinity and salinity parameters in reclaimed tidal lands. Soil samples were periodically collected at 0 - 20 cm (surface) and 20 - 40 cm (subsurface) layer at Saemangeum (sandy loam) and Yeongsangang (silty loam) reclaimed tidal land. Electrical conductivity (EC) had a wide range from 0.0 to 34.3 dS·m-1 during the experimental period. The average soil EC was 6.4 and 3.4 dS·m-1 at Saemangeum and Yeongsangang reclaimed tidal land, respectively. Soluble sodium concentration had great variations and it was the most important single factor for temporal variations of soil EC regardless of soil textural properties. Calcium concentration was negatively correlated with soil EC and soluble sodium. Soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was estimated as a function of soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and a linear regression model (ESP = 6.075 (SAR) + 0.677 for Saemangeum and ESP = 3.925 (SAR) + 0.421 for Yeongsangang reclaimed tidal soil) was suggested for predicting soil ESP from soil SAR. The characteristics of reclaimed tidal lands had different shares of saline and sodic properties during the experimental period. Saemangeum reclaimed tidal soil was highly characterized by sodium, but the effect of sodium on Yeongsangang soil was less pronounced. Our results indicate that persistent monitoring and modeling on soil salinity at reclaimed tidal soil is fundamental and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans for diverse utilization or to reduce salt damage for stable crop production at reclaimed tidal land.

Climate and salinity drive soil bacterial richness and diversity in sandy grasslands in China

Bacteria constitute a large proportion of the biodiversity in soils and control many important processes in terrestrial ecosystems.However,our understanding of the interactions between soil bacteria and environmental factors remains limited,especially in sensitive and fragile ecosystems.In this study,geographic patterns of bacterial diversity across four sandy grasslands along a 1,600 km north-south transect in northern China were characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Then,we analyzed the driving factors behind the patterns in bacterial diversity.The results show that of the 21 phyla detected,the most abundant were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Fir‐micutes(average relative abundance>5%).Soil bacterial operational taxonomic unit(OTU)numbers(richness)and Faith's phylogenetic diversity(diversity)were highest in the Otindag Sandy Land and lowest in the Mu Us Sandy Land.Soil electrical conductivity(EC)was the most influential factor driving bacterial richness and diversity.The bacterial communities differed significantly among the four sandy grasslands,and the bacterial community structure was signifi‐cantly affected by environmental factors and geographic distance.Of the environmental variables examined,climatic factors(mean annual temperature and precipitation)and edaphic properties(pH and EC)explained the highest propor‐tion of the variation in bacterial community structure.Biotic factors such as plant species richness and aboveground bio‐mass exhibited weak but significant associations with bacterial richness and diversity.Our findings revealed the impor‐tant role of climate and salinity factors in controlling bacterial richness and diversity;understanding these roles is critical for predicting the impacts of climate change and promoting sustainable management strategies for ecosystem services in these sandy lands.

Dynamics of Land Salinization in the Commune of Fimela (Fatick, Senegal) from 1973 to 2020

In Senegal, the agricultural sector remains a major component of the economy and national growth. As the main subsistence activity for 60% of the population, agricultural activity is essential to reduce poverty and ensure food security for the population. In this context, land degradation is a major constraint. In the Fatick region, in the commune of Fimela, land salinization is a worrying environmental problem. The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamics of soil salinization in Fimela in the context of climate change that tends to modify the evolution of landscapes. It required direct observations in the field, socio-economic surveys based on a questionnaire administered in six (6) villages. The processing of the data from these surveys was carried out with Sphinx software for the extraction of data in numerical form and SPSS to carry out the correlations between the collected variables. Excel was also used to perform calculations and make tables and graphs. In addition, the acquisition and processing of Landsat multi-spectral satellite images from 1973, 1988 and 2020 allowed us to observe the evolution of landscape units according to determining climatic events such as drought. The areas of tans have experienced a positive evolution during the period 1973-2020 with an increase of 163.11 hectares or an evolution rate of 7.47%. The localities most affected are Ndangane, Fimela, Djilor, Simal and the villages of the Mar Islands. The overall dynamics of cultivable land are marked by a decline with a rate of change of −18%. Despite the multiple reforestation campaigns, the mangrove has recorded a continuous decrease of 54.58% or a loss estimated at 5335.59 ha during the period 1973-2020. Finally, the analysis of the results of our study shows that land salinization is a determining element of the dynamics of land use and deteriorates the already precarious living conditions of rural populations and compromises the future of the agropastoral production system.

我国盐碱地治理:现状、问题与展望

随着社会经济快速发展,我国人口、资源、环境的矛盾与日俱增,可持续发展的压力越来越大。与耕地一样,盐碱地作为以盐类集积为主要特征的土地资源,不仅承载着污染净化、生物资源、生物多样性、全球碳库、自然文化遗产、景观旅游等重要功能,也是人类赖以生存的重要农业生产资料。盐碱地治理是以减少作物逆境胁迫、作物健康及其高产优质为主要目标,对于国家粮食安全、生态环境安全、人类健康具有十分重要的意义。近几十年来,历经几代人的努力,我国科技工作者已基本厘清了盐碱地治理理论体系,并建立了符合我国国情的盐碱地治理技术模式。但是,由于盐碱地类型复杂多样,盐碱化程度不同、治理措施多元化等原因,我国尚未建立起分类分区,精准治理,兼顾高水平与低成本的高效治理方法,更没有建立起盐碱地治理及其长效管理的技术与服务体系框架。本文在论述盐碱地概念的基础上,重点介绍盐碱地主要障碍因子、盐碱地治理基本理论与技术方法、盐碱地治理效果判别标准以及盐碱地农业生产的主要模式,阐述盐碱地治理主要问题及展望,以期启发人们对盐碱地的科学认识,强化盐碱地治理技术的应用与实践,结合现代农业新成果,更好地推动盐碱地农业的发展。

巨菌草对宁夏中度盐碱地土壤酶活性、微生物群落结构和功能多样性的影响

【目的】探究种植巨菌草后中度盐碱地的根际微生物群落结构和多样性,为利用巨菌草改良宁夏中度盐碱地提供依据。【方法】采用微量法测定土壤酶活性,采用高通量测序法测定土壤细菌及真菌的群落结构及功能多样性。【结果】种植巨菌草后,土壤容重下降8.96%,含盐量下降71.90%,有机质含量上升35.25%,碱解氮含量下降56.20%,有效磷、速效钾含量分别上升81.97%和2.51%,改良后土壤碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性分别上升16.87%和6.14%,种植巨菌草后土壤真菌Simpson指数、Shannon指数与对照组之间存在显著差异。在群落结构方面,种植巨菌草增加了绿弯菌门、粘菌门、疣微菌门、担子菌门、霉菌门、芽枝霉门、毛霉门、油壶菌门和罗兹菌门的相对丰度。微生物群落OTU数上,种植巨菌草后细菌OTU数比CK增加了0.74%,真菌OTU数比CK减少了42.24%。土壤微生物群落物种差异分析表明,试验组和CK之间细菌和真菌门的类别差异较大。冗余分析表明,有机质含量、土壤碱性酶活性、有效磷含量和水溶性盐质量分数是引起种植巨菌草后根际土壤环境改变的主要因子。【结论】种植巨菌草可以提高中度盐碱地土壤酶活性和微生物多样性,改善土壤微生物群落环境。

基于生境质量变化的吉林省西部盐碱区生态系统修复分区

为推进盐碱区粮食安全与生态环境协同发展,本研究以吉林省西部典型盐碱区为例,基于2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据,运用土地利用转移矩阵和InVEST模型,分析研究区土地利用的生境质量时空动态演变特征,划分生态修复功能区。结果表明:2000—2020年研究区土地利用类型以耕地为主,占比超过60%,耕地和裸地呈扩张趋势,草地面积逐渐缩减;20年间生境质量等级为优的面积增加361.74 km^(2),生境质量等级为差的面积增加1080.54 km^(2),研究区整体生境质量差异增大。基于生境质量和陆地生态系统服务价值等级划分重点修复区、适度修复区、自然修复区和适度开发区,针对性地提出修复策略。研究表明,土地利用类型转化导致研究区总体生境质量两极分化差异显著,未来在提升盐碱化地区粮食产能的同时,还要兼顾生境质量,注重协调粮食生产和生态保护两者之间的关系。

基于PSR与云模型的重要耕地后备资源区水资源能源粮食协同安全评价

基于水资源、能源、粮食三大战略性基础资源在重要耕地后备资源区的复杂关联关系,开展水资源能源粮食协同安全评价研究。以我国盐碱地这一重要耕地后备资源为研究对象,采用PSR分析法建立典型盐碱地区水资源能源粮食协同安全评价指标体系,综合运用云模型、可变模糊识别模型,构建典型盐碱地区水资源能源粮食协同安全评价模型,并将其应用于典型盐碱地区东营市。结果表明:东营市水资源能源粮食协同安全水平呈现逐步上升的趋势,水资源的相对短缺及其在农业生产与能源开采中的合理配置是影响三者协同安全水平的重要因素。从加强水资源的合理配置、因地制宜开展耕地后备资源区盐碱化改造两个方面,针对性地提出了提升盐碱地区水资源能源粮食协同安全的对策建议。