多发性骨髓瘤患者FISH检测结果与Durie-Salmon分期和R-ISS分期的相关性

目的 探讨多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测结果与Durie-Salmon分期(DS)和国际分期系统(R-ISS)的关系。方法 选取惠州市中心人民医院2020年1月至2021年1月收治的MM患者80例为研究对象,利用FISH技术检测患者CKS1B(1q21)、p53、RB1、IGH基因表达情况,分析FISH检测结果与DS分期和R-ISS分期的关系。单因素及Cox回归分析MM患者预后的独立危险因素。结果 DS分期和R-ISS分期越高,FISH检测结果阳性发生率越高,不同DS分期、R-ISS分期分别与FISH检测结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素显示,治疗方案、1q21扩增、p53缺失、RB1缺失、IGH重排与患者预后转归比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,1q21扩增、p53缺失、RB1缺失、IGH重排为MM患者预后结局的独立影响因素(P<0.05),其中,1q21扩增、p53缺失、RB1缺失、IGH重排阳性者1年生存率均低于阴性者。结论 FISH检测结果阳性发生率越高,DS分期和R-ISS分期则越高,且1q21扩增、p53缺失、RB1缺失、IGH重排为MM患者预后结局的独立影响因素。

多发性骨髓瘤患者FISH检测结果与Durie-Salmon分期和R-ISS分期的相关性分析

目的探究多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者原位荧光杂交技术(FISH)检测结果与Durie-Salmon分期(DS)和R-ISS分期的相关性。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年2月河北北方学院附属第一医院90例MM患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行FISH检测,主要包括lq21扩增、l3q14缺失、IGH重排与P53缺失,并予以DS分期与R-ISS分期,记录患者的临床特征,分析FISH检测结果与DS分期和R-ISS分期的相关性。结果FISH检测结果显示,90例MM患者中lq21扩增阳性35例,l3q14缺失阳性27例,IGH重排阳性24例,P53缺失4例;lq21扩增阳性与阴性患者在DS分期、R-ISS分期方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);l3q14缺失阳性与阴性患者在DS分期、R-ISS分期方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IGH重排阳性与阴性患者在DS分期、R-ISS分期方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);P53缺失阳性与阴性患者在DS分期、R-ISS分期方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过Spearson相关性分析,结果显示lq21扩增、l3q14缺失、IGH重排与DS分期和R-ISS分期均呈明显正相关(P<0.05);P53缺失与DS分期和R-ISS分期无相关性(P>0.05)。结论MM患者多伴随FISH检测结果异常,表现为lq21扩增、l3q14缺失、IGH重排与P53缺失,其中lq21扩增、l3q14缺失、IGH重排与患者DS分期、R-ISS分期呈正相关,可将FISH检测与Durie-Salmon分期、R-ISS分期联合应用于MM预后评估。

Effects of dissolved oxygen on intestinal bacterial community and immunity of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Dissolved oxygen(DO)is one of most important factors which affect wide range physiologic features of including immune responses and intestinal bacterial community.However,the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.To address this question,the intestinal bacterial community compositions and the immune features of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)grown in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)were characterized.Fish were reared under different DO saturation levels,e.g.,200% saturation named high group(H),100%saturation named control group(CK),and 60%saturation named lower group(L).Large variations in the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)frequency distribution for the intestinal bacterial community of Atlantic salmon were observed.The intestinal bacterial community of all groups was dominated mainly by three phyla,e.g.,Proteobacteria.Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes.Interestingly,Acinetobacter baumannii,an opportunistic pathogen of salmon was increased significantly in L group.We further monitored the immunity features of fish under different DO levels.The results show that leucocyte number,cortisol level,the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like protein 2(NOD2)were higher at significant levels in the L group than those in the other two groups.TLR4 and NOD2 are usually related with the bacterial infections;therefore,it is reasonable to believe that the stronger immune responses observed in the L group might be related with the higher abundance of A.baumannii in the inte stine of Atlantic salmon.Overall,these findings demonstrated that low DO level may induce stronger immunity responses in Atlantic salmon.

Effects of specific doses of E-beam irradiation which inactivated SARS-CoV-2 on the nutrition and quality of Atlantic salmon

The contamination of Atlantic salmon with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has impeded the development of the cold-chain food industry and posed possible risks to the population.Electron beam(E-beam)irradiation under 2,4,7,and 10 kGy can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain seafood.However,there are few statistics about the quality changes of salmon exposed to these irradiation dosages.This work demonstrated that E-beam irradiation at dosages capable of killing SARS-CoV-2 induced lipid oxidation,decreased vitamin A content,and increased some amino acids and ash content.In addition,irradiation altered the textural features of salmon,such as its hardness,resilience,cohesiveness,and chewiness.The irradiation considerably affected the L*,a*,and b*values of salmon,with the L*value increasing and a*,b*values decreasing.There was no significant difference in the sensory evaluation of control and irradiated salmon.It was shown that irradiation with 2−7 kGy E-beam did not significantly degrade quality.The inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in salmon is advised at a dose of 2 kGy.

全身磁共振类PET成像对Durie-Salmon Staging System价值的初步研究

目的分析多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的全身磁共振类PET表现与骨髓浸润程度的相关性;探讨MM全身磁共振类PET成像对Durie-Salmon staging system的价值。方法采用Siemens 3.0T磁共振对68例经病理或临床综合资料确诊的多发性骨髓瘤患者进行全身磁共振类PET检查;结合病灶数目、ADC值将MM类PET表现分为四型,即正常型:病灶数目0个;轻度浸润型:病灶数目<10个、ADC值(1.2382±0.315)×10-3mm2/s;中度浸润型:病灶数目10~20个、ADC值(0.9847±0.213)×10-3mm2/s;重度浸润型:病灶数目>20个、ADC值(0.7670±0.237)×10-3mm2/s。结果 47例患者结合类PET成像在Durie-Salmon staging system中分期偏高;Mc Nemar-Bowker检验P=0<0.05,认为Durie-Salmon staging system和Durie-Salmon PLUS pet-like staging system差别有统计学意义。结论全身磁共振类PET成像对MM临床分期价值较大,可以考虑将类PET成像纳入Durie-Salmon staging system。

校正血钙对多发性骨髓瘤患者Durine-Salmon分期及肾功能的影响

目的:比较多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清钙校正前后对Durine-Salmon(DS)分期的影响,以及与血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)的关系。方法:回顾性分析天津市第三中心医院2004年6月至2010年7月确诊的63例MM患者初次入院时的临床病例资料及实验室检查结果,并根据MM的Durine-Salmon(DS)分期系统分别以校正前、后血钙值为基础比较DS分期,以及血清钙与肾功能损害的关系。结果:血钙校正前后对DS分期差异有统计学意义。血钙校正前对BUN的影响在低钙组和高钙组间差异显著,对Scr的影响在高钙-低钙组以及高钙-正常组间存在明显区别(P<0.05);血钙校正后对血BUN、Scr的影响在高钙组和正常组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:校正血钙对MM患者DS分期具有重要影响,并且与反映肾功能损伤的Scr、BUN有重要关系,从而对疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。

Salmons传感器的改良与家兔在体跟腱的生物力学测试

目的:探讨家兔在体跟腱的生物力学特点及其测试方法。方法:选择45只健康成年家兔,随机均分为三组,A组(正常左侧跟腱),B组(正常右侧跟腱),C组(失胫神经支配的左侧跟腱),以改良Salmons传感器对A、B、C三组的在体跟腱进行生物力学测试。结果:失胫神经支配状态下的一侧跟腱的生物力学参数明显低于常态(P<0·05)。结论:改良Salmons传感器用于家兔在体跟腱的生物力学测试具有可行、稳定、灵敏等优点。

应用Salmon's law指导治疗肛周脓肿31例临床疗效观察

目的探索Salmon's law在一次性治愈肛周脓肿中的指导作用。方法将62例肛周脓肿患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用一次切开挂线根治术治疗,对照组采用切开引流术治疗,若出现后遗肛瘘患者则于术后3个月行肛瘘切开挂线术治疗,跟踪6个月。观察两组患者术后创面愈合时间、后遗肛瘘例数。结果治疗组患者术后创面愈合平均时间为(15.62±4.58)d,对照组患者为(24.35±5.12)d,治疗组明显少于对照组,两组有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗组术后遗留肛瘘例数为1例,对照组为17例,治疗组明显少于对照组(P<0.01),所有后遗肛瘘患者均经一次手术而愈。结论应用Salmon's law指导肛周脓肿一次切开挂线治疗,患者治愈率高,后遗肛瘘少,住院时间短,效果确切。

Protective Effect of Gelatin and Gelatin Hydrolysate from Salmon Skin on UV Irradiation-Induced Photoaging of Mice Skin

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gelatin(SG) isolated from salmon skin and its hydrolysate(SGH) on photoaging skin, and the mechanism responsible for anti-photoaging. The average molecular weights of SG and SGH were 65 k Da and 873 Da, respectively. The amino acid compositions of SG and SGH were similar. Both of them were abundant in hydrophobic amino acids. Twenty-five peptides were identified from SGH. SG and SGH could improve UV irradiation-induced pathological changes of macroscopical tissue texture and skin morphology. Hydroxyproline content is an indicator of matrix collagen content, SG and SGH could inhibit the decrease of hydroxyproline content in photoaging skin in a dose dependent manner. In addition, SG and SGH could alleviate UV irradiation-induced oxidative damages to skin by increasing the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase(CAT), increasing the content of glutathione(GSH) and decreasing the content of malonaldehyde(MDA). Moreover, SG and SGH could enhance immune regulation system by increasing the thymus index. Thus, the anti-photoaging mechanisms of SG and SGH were by inhibiting the depletion of antioxidant defense components, involving in the synthesis of collagen and enhancing the function of immune system. Besides, SGH showed a better result in protecting skin from photoaging than SG.

Intestinal microbiota of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in a recirculating aquaculture system

The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon( Salmo salar L.), the ambient water of unhealthy fish, and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota. The V4–V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16 S r RNA genes in the samples were analyzed by Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing. The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight. Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified. The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fishincluded Proteobacteria(44.33%), Actinobacteria(17.89%), Bacteroidetes(15.25%), and Firmicutes(9.11%), among which the families Micrococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera S phingomonas, Streptomyces, Pedobacter, Janthinobacterium, Burkholderia, and Balneimonas were most abundant. Proteobacteria(70.46%), Bacteroidetes(7.59%), and Firmicutes(7.55%) dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish, and Chloroflexi(2.71%), and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented. Overall, the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish. This study off ers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because ?sh live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the in?uence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the ef fects of stocking density. The ?sh were reared for 220 days at ?ve densities(A: 24 kg/m^3; B: 21 kg/m^3; C: 15 kg/m^3; D: 9 kg/m^3 and E: 6 kg/m^3). The results show that 30 kg/m^3 might be the maximum density which RAS can af ford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m^3 have no ef fect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the speci?c growth rate(SGR), ?nal weight and weight gain in the high density group were signi?cantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate(FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T_3 and GH showed signi?cant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone(T 3), GH(growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no ef fects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise effcient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.

Rearing Velocity Impacts on Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) Growth, Condition, and Survival

Juvenile landlocked Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (mean ± SD initial weight 2.6 ± 0.7 g, fork length 6.3 ± 0.5) were reared in three different water velocities [0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 body length/s (BL/s)] for four weeks to determine possible effects of water velocity on growth, condition, and survival. Fish were sampled for weight, fork length, condition factor, hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and fin erosion after four weeks of feeding to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were handled and transported to simulate stocking, with survival observed over the following 10 d. Following four weeks of feeding, fish reared in 0.5 and 1.5 BL/s had the same growth and food conversion ratio, but fish reared at 3.0 BL/s had a significant reduction in both metrics. Furthermore, fish reared at 1.5 BL/s had a significantly higher condition factor than fish reared in other treatments. No significant differences were found for HSI, VSI, fin erosion, or survival. The results from this study indicate that a moderate velocity (1.5 BL/s), which is necessary for circular tanks to be self-cleaning, is not detrimental to fish growth or condition, but a faster water velocity (3.0 BL/s) negatively affects fish growth and food utilization.

Evidence of return of chum salmon released from Tangwang River by strontium marking method

In order to assess the effect of enhancement release of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta),otolith strontium(Sr)marking method was used to tag chum salmon released in Tangwang River in 2016.The homing chum salmon were detected and the samples were collected in Tangwang River,Ussuri River and Suifen River in the autumn of2018.The samples were analyzed by examining Sr and calcium(Ca)fingerprints in the otolith using electron probe microanalysis.The results suggested that two samples collected in Tangwang River had the marking ring near the core of otolith where the Sr concentration and Sr/Ca ratio were significantly higher than comparative samples.Proving that the two fish belonged to the released population in Tangwang River in 2016.This article indicated the success of the enhancement release of chum salmon from the Tangwang River for the first time and also confirmed the validity of Sr marking in enhancement release of fishes.

Synthesis of Salmon Calcitonin Analogs Using Fmoc-based Chemistry on MBHA Resins

Peptide analogs of salmon calcitonin (sCT) were synthesized by using Fmoc-based chemistry on MBHA resins Salmon calcitonin was modified by 1) cysteines at p0sitions 1 and 7 were replaced by valine and alanine respectively to result in open chain analogs. 2) the glycine at position 30 was replaced by alanine, D-alanine and sarcosine respectively, and 3) some residues were deleted besides the above two modifications. A modified two-step deprotection / cleavage procedure, in which a solvent of TFA / TMSBr / thioanisole / EDT / m-cresol combines with HF cleavage,was adopted in SPPS.

Secondary Structure in Solution of an Analog of Salmon Calcitonin:[Val^1, Ala^7]sCT

Secondary structure of [Val. Ala]sCT- an analog of salmon calcitonin (sCT) not containing an N-terminal disultide bridge. was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier-transform intrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. Both CD and FTIR results show that the main contbrmational structure of [Val Ala’]sCT in aqueous solution is random coil structure. while in trifluorethanol (TFE) it displays a strong α-helical structure. The relationship between the biological activity and the conformational structure of [Val, Ala] sCT is als0 discussed.

Possible Use of Lumpfish to Control Caligus elongatus Infestation on Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Mini Review

In this mini review, we systematized current knowledge about the number of Caligus elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon in relation to the use of lumpfish as cleaner fish. The review was prompted by reports of an unusually large number of sea lice(C. elongatus) infestation of farmed salmon in northern Norway, Faroese Islands and Iceland and the urgent need to determine if common lumpfish can be used to reduce the number on farmed Atlantic salmon by actively grazing on sea lice. Available data from Norway clearly indicate that lumpfish grazes on C. elongatus, and it is possible to enhance this grazing with the assistances of livefeed conditioning prior to sea pen transfer and selective breeding. Observations from Iceland, Faroese Islands and Scotland also indicate that lumpfish can effectively lower infestations of C. elongatus on salmon. Overall, this mini review expresses that lumpfish can actively lower the number of C. elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon.

Evaluation of the impacts of aquaculture and freshwater habitat on the status of Atlantic salmon stocks in Ireland

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) returns to rivers in Ireland have fallen in the last decade resulting in the dramatic closure or curtailment of traditional fisheries. Concerns that stocks were slow to recover prompted further investigation of all factors believed to impact on salmon. In examining geographic and temporal trends in Atlantic salmon stock abundance at a River Basin District level, the effect of salmon aquaculture sites and freshwater habitat quality as potential drivers of stock abundance are evaluated. This study found no correlation between the presence of aquaculture and the performance of adjacent wild salmon stocks. Freshwater habitat quality was found to have a highly significant correlation with stock status, suggesting that it may be a key driver, implicated in the survival of individual stocks.

Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Egg Storage for Delayed Fertilization

Delayed fertilization of salmonid eggs can be a useful option to enhance the efficiency of artificial spawning operations. This experiment examined the fertility of landlocked fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs stored for various times after removal from female broodstock. Fertilization occurred either immediately after spawning or the eggs were stored with oxygen at 11&deg;C and fertilized at 4, 6, 8, 12, or 20 hours post-spawn. Survival to the eyed stage of egg development was significantly greater in the eggs fertilized immediately or after four, six, or eight hours of storage compared to those eggs stored for 12 or 20 hours prior to fertilization (P = 0.024). Survival to hatch was also significantly different (P = 0.018) and followed the same pattern. This study is the first to document the successful fertilization of landlocked fall Chinook salmon eggs after eight hours of storage.

The Effects of Growth Performance and Organosomatic Indices of Atlantic Salmon Juvenile by Using Different Carbohydrate-to-Lipid Ratios in Feeds

The effect of different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios in feeds on the growth performance and organosomatic indices of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar, was determined in this experiment. Four iso- energetic feeds were manufactured with increasing carbohydrate level (18%, 21%, 14%, 26%). Lipid level was decreasing from 14% to 11% for each diet for energetic balance. Fish were reared in triplicate tanks for each diet treatment for 49 days. The diet which contained 26% carbohydrate and 11% lipid provided the highest specific growth rate (SGR = 0.66% ± 0.04% per day) to the fish. However, the feed efficiency (FER) ranked from 0.71 to 0.91 had no significant differences between diets. Similarly, the values of condition index (K), relative gut length (RGL) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) had no significant differences between groups. The relationship between liver and carcass weight showed that with the increasing of fish carcass weight, the liver weight increased. According to this experiment, it suggests that based on an optimum level of carbohydrate in diet, the juvenile salmon has a better growth fed by a diet with a higher carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio.

VACCINATION of Atlantic salmon leads to long-lasting higher levels of serum immunoglobulin and possible skewed ratios of two distinct IgM isotypes

Primary and secondary antibody responses in blood of teleost fish are mainly IgM mediated, as they lack an IgG homolog and a class switch mechanism. Thus, the major serum immunoglobulin is tetrameric IgM. A unique antibody class in teleosts;named IgT, appears to be specialized for mucosal immunity and is present in low concentrations in serum. A third class;IgD was recently detected in serum of rainbow trout, but is less abundant than IgT. In the present study, relative quantification of total IgM showed that Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar) which had received an oil-adjuvanted commercial vaccine maintained about 2-fold higher levels of IgM;14 and 17 months after intraperitoneal injection, in comparison to unvaccinated fish kept in the same cage. Similar results were obtained by ELISA (serum IgM) and reverse transcription real time PCR (spleen mRNA). Analyses conducted in our lab have shown that several salmonid species possess two slightly different IgM isotypes as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. In Atlantic salmon, two distinct IgM subpopulations (A and B) can be separated by anion exchange chromatography. The IgM-B tetramer exhibits a higher degree of disulfide cross-linking than IgM-A, presumably due to an extra cysteine near the C-terminus of the heavy chain. The typical A/B ratio is approximately 40/60. Anion exchange elution profiles of serum IgM from vaccinated fish indicate that prolonged triggering of the immune system can lead to a skewed ratio of IgM-A/IgM-B. In the context of recent results from rainbow trout (Onchorhynchusmykiss), showing that high affinity antibodies are more highly polymerized and have a longer half life time, Atlantic salmon is an interesting model to elucidate these aspects further since tools are available to distinguish IgM-A and IgM- B in this species.