Water Absorption Capcapability and Moisture Content Seasonal Changing of Salt-Crust in Lop Nur Dry Lake

The Lop Nur dry salt lake,Xinjiang province,is charactered by typical physiognomy salt-crust,located in39.6-41.3N.latitude and 89.6-91.4E.longitude.The thickness of salt-crust is about from 20 cm to 100 cm,and

Trend of Salt Lake Changes in the Background of Global Warming and Tactics for Adaptation to the Changes

Salt lakes are a mirror of climatic changes and provide holographic records of environmental changes of lakes. According to a study of geological hazards in typical salt lake areas in China and other regions, the authors explain how geological hazards in salt lake areas are caused by natural agents and how humans can seek benefits, avoid hazards and reduce losses on the premise that they have monitored and mastered the trend of salt lake changes in advance and even can store flood and recharge water in lakes and extract saline resources. The climate in western China is probably turning from warm-dry to warm-moist. The authors analyze the change trend of salt lakes sensu lato (with salinity≥0.3 wt% (NaCl)eq) and salt lakes sensu stricto (with salinity ≥3.5 wt% (NaCl)eq) in China in such climatic conditions and distinguish three types of salt lake areas (i.e. lake water rising type, lake water falling type and lake water rising and unstable type) according to the characteristics of lake water rising and shrinking. In order to conform to the climatic and lake changes in China's salt lake areas, the authors propose to add and improve hydrological and meteorological observation stations and integrate observations with remote sensing monitoring in important salt lake areas and set up multidisciplinary and interdepartmental basic projects to monitor and study recent climatic and environmental changes in salt lake areas of western China. Moreover, it is necessary to build additional flood-control and drought-preventing water conservancy facilities in key salt lake areas and work out measures for ecological protection in salt lake areas. Full consideration should be given to the influence of flooding when building saltfields and implementing capital projects.

Hydrochemistry of the Gasikule Salt Lake,Western Qaidam Basin of China

The Qaidam Basin is a large intermontane depression in Qinghai Province,China,which located on the northern margin of the Tibet plateau,and surrounded by the Qilian,Kunlun and Aljun mountains which rise to more than 5000m.Some 27 salt lakes occur within the basin,occupying an area of approximately 1500 km2.Additionally,there are extensive areas of dry playas.Together,the playas and salt lakes cover about one quarter of the total basin area.Whereas the western

Primary Production and the Hydrochemical Parameters of the Salt Lakes in the North-Western Part of the Crimea(Russia)

1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of

Hydrochemistry of Salt Lakes in Southeastern Transbaikalia(Russia) in the Time of Arid Phase of Climate Change at the Beginning of the XXI Century

1 Introduction In the south of Eastern Transbaikalia in the border area with China and Mongolia,there are at least 300 saline without outlet lakes.They are confined to the semi-arid zone Daurian steppes with pronounced continental salinization processes and are mostly located on the bottoms of the intermountain basins.Their origin is related to evaporative concentration of fresh waters lakes filling.

Diversity and Adaptations of Immature Diptera in Semiaquatic Habitats at Shorelines of Hypersaline Lakes in the Crimea,with a Brief Review of Diptera in Mineralized Bodies of Water

The order Diptera(Insecta)is one of animal groups most successful in the colonization of mineralized shallow aquatic and semiaquatic environments.At the same time,the taxonomic composition of Diptera,their role in

Radiochemoecological Monitoring of the Salt Lakes of the Crimea

1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the

In Search of Portable Water Supplies within a Brine and Mine Water-Invaded Region for Serving Some Communities around Ishiagu, Afikpo and Environs in Abakaliki Basin, Southeast Nigeria

The study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics of some towns in the Abakaliki Basin, comprising, Ishiagu, Aka Eze, Amaseri, Afikpo and Okposi communities, with the aim of sourcing for portable water in the area. The basin is underlain by Albian sediments, essentially shales, in the lowlands, which were affected by low-grade metamorphism that had produced slates. The highlands comprise basic intrusives from episodes of magmatism and metallic ore mineralisation. Injection of brines into the aquifer system and low, seasonal aquifer recharge from rainfall results in poor water quality in the area. The study analyzes the geochemical distribution in water sources in the area and identifies sources of pollutants to guide the better choice of portable water. Results of hydrogeochemical analysis of both surface and groundwater from the communities were compared with World Health Organization to identify portable water locations in the area. While the salt lake at Okposi is the main source of brine intrusion in the study area, the Pb/Zn mine at Ishiagu is the main source of mine-water pollution in the study area. Most chemical parameters, (especially Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3-) maintain high concentrations within the salt lake area, with the values declining away from the salt lake. The main anthropogenic source of pollution in the area, especially at Ishiagu, is the indiscriminate surface mining of lead-zinc without proposer waste management practices. Possible sourcing for portable water in the study area includes a deep borehole at Ishiagu, away from lead-zinc intrusives. At the Okposi axis, searching for portable water in boreholes should target shallower aquifers that do not communicate with the deeper-seated brine zones, likewise targeting zones farther away from these brine-invaded areas. A controlled pumping rate could potentially ensure that the cone of depression was not low enough to reach the brine zone at depth. In addition, desalination could also potentially render the salt water drinkable if properly handled to eliminate the high concentration of salts in the water to the level of acceptable limit by the WHO. Based on the study, the best area to target for portable water in the study area is Afikpo, with most geochemical elements naturally occurring within WHO’s standard concentration while portable water could be harnessed in areas further away from mining sites, especially at deep groundwater.

利用盐生植物发展“盐湖农业”研究进展

由于人口增长和全球气候变暖,次生土壤盐碱化日趋严重,淡水资源缺乏,使得人类粮食和食品供给面临严峻挑战。“盐湖农业”为解决这一问题提供了一种新的思路。本文评述了盐生植物在农业上的应用国内外研究进展,重点综述了盐生植物作为食物、饲料、工业原料等方面的研究。盐生植物生长环境比较恶劣,一些盐生植物为应对逆境环境而合成出丰富的次生代谢物,这些代谢物对预防疾病和促进健康大有益处,因此近年来市场对盐生植物的需求显著增加。我国盐湖资源丰富,利用盐生植物发展盐湖农业有得天独厚的条件,具有广阔的应用前景,本文最后提出了在我国发展盐湖农业的几点建议。

青藏高原中部班戈错富锂盐湖水位月际变化与驱动因素分析

锂在新能源领域的独特优势使其需求规模呈爆发式增长,世界各主要经济体将其列为关键矿产。西藏盐湖锂资源丰富,水位变化是锂资源动态评价的重要环节,班戈错是典型富锂盐湖,极具代表性。本文以2016—2023年班戈错现场实测水文及气象观测资料为基础,分析了水位月际变化特征及驱动因素。主要结论如下:(1)以2018年6月、2021年12月为界,2016年1月至2023年7月,班戈错水位月际变化剧烈,经历下降—上升—下降波动变化过程,且水位上升速度远大于水位下降速度。(2)蒸发量增大是班戈错两次水位波动下降的主要原因;而蒸发量降低和温度升高是驱动水位波动上升的动力。(3)温度及降水是控制湖泊年内变化的主导因子,且温度主要通过控制蒸发来实现影响。研究结果为青藏高原月际尺度气候变化的盐湖区域响应和班戈错将来开采过程中锂资源保障程度研究提供数据基础。

偕胺肟基接枝聚酰胺微孔膜吸附材料的制备及其盐湖水提铀性能研究

以聚酰胺微孔膜为基材,通过自由基引发将丙烯腈接枝于膜表面,并用盐酸羟胺肟化得到偕胺肟基接枝聚酰胺微孔膜吸附材料(PA-AO),该膜吸附材料结合了膜分离处理量大和吸附分离选择性高的优点。研究结果表明,在纯水体系中,当pH=6.0,铀初始浓度为1.0mmol·L^(-1),303K条件下,PA-AO对UO_(2)^(2+)的平衡吸附量可达0.47mmol·g^(-1)。吸附过程符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学方程,盐湖水中存在的阴离子以及阳离子对铀吸附的影响很小,PA-AO对铀表现出较高的吸附选择性。使用1.0mol·L^(-1)的Na2CO3和0.1mol L-1的H_(2)O_(2)的混合溶液可将铀从PA-AO上解吸下来,解吸率达到90.2%,且重复利用性能较好。连续吸附实验表明,当铀的初始进料浓度为0.05mmol·L^(-l),流速为4.0mL·min^(-1)时,PA-AO的处理能力达到275.02L·m^(-2),对铀的回收率达到90%以上。将PA-AO用于提取1L模拟盐湖水中的铀,铀的提取量达到了235.59μg,提取率达81.0%,这表明PA-AO可用于盐湖水中铀的高效提取。

钛基锂离子筛纳米材料研究进展

随着以锂离子电池为代表的新能源行业的兴起,锂需求量大幅增加,因此盐湖卤水提锂技术受到广泛关注。以锂离子筛作为吸附剂的盐湖卤水提锂技术具有环保、高效以及可持续发展的特点。介绍了盐湖卤水提锂技术的类型,综述了钛基锂离子筛的合成方法及钛基锂离子筛纳米材料的研究进展,并对比了不同钛基锂离子筛合成方法的优缺点,最后对钛基锂离子筛的研究方向进行了展望。

水盐体系相图与盐湖资源开发利用研究

当前,水盐体系相图的研究和盐湖资源的开发利用都是与水资源和盐类相关的重要课题。水盐体系相图能够帮助人们深入理解水和盐之间的相互作用以及它们的溶解特性,从而对水资源的管理和利用提供指导和参考。盐湖资源作为一种重要的天然资源,具有丰富的盐类储量,对化学工业、能源和农业等领域的发展具有重要的意义。基于此,文章简单讨论水盐体系相图以及对盐湖资源开发利用的作用,深入探讨盐湖资源开发利用要点,以供参考。

紫外脉冲荧光法测定盐湖水中铀质量浓度

对矿化度达到100~400 g/L的盐湖水,采用多级稀释使矿化度达到0.8 g/L时,可以采用标准溶液加入后,用紫外脉冲荧光法测量其铀质量浓度,测量范围为0.05~100μg/L,该方法的相对标准偏差小于5%,与ICP-MS法的测量结果比较,两种方法的相对偏差小于5%。

东濮凹陷古近系沙三段盐岩成因探讨及层序地层学意义

东濮凹陷北部中央隆起带及周边沙三段自下而上发育了三套盐岩层,每套盐岩层由若干个小盐岩韵律组成。盐岩层和油气的运聚有密切的关系。关于东濮凹陷盐岩的成因有很多的解释,笔者在对前人的工作进行细致的研究基础上,通过对盐岩层的地球化学、岩心观察、构造、古气候资料对盐岩的分析,结合各盐岩韵律层的地层对比分析及各盐韵律纵向及横向分布规律,综合分析认为东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩为深水蒸发成盐,盐岩层为最大洪泛面。在此基础上运用层序地层学的观点,将东濮凹陷的古近系的地层划分为两个二级层序和10个三级层序。总结出盐岩的成盐模式和层序地层模式,为沙三段沉积相的研究提供了理论依据,对寻找盐岩有关的隐蔽油气藏具有重要的意义。

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定盐湖水中铀含量

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术,对比分析了直接稀释法和基体匹配法测定含盐水样中微量铀的精密度、准确度和回收率。结果表明,两种方法的铀标准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.999 9,精密度、准确度和回收率都满足样品测定要求,二者均可用于盐湖水中微量铀的测定。但基体匹配法稳定性高,重现性好,更适合于盐湖水中微量铀的快速、准确测定。

东营凹陷沙四中亚段盐湖相烃源岩研究

东营凹陷下第三系沙河街组沙四中亚段蒸发岩十分发育 ,其中与泥岩共生的含盐系地层在胜坨南部及中央隆起带等地区厚逾千米。通过大量样品的分析测试和对这套蒸发岩沉积体系的研究 ,认为沙四中沉积时期湖盆充填呈现出欠补偿的饥饿状态 ,并建立了深水蒸发成盐的沉积模式。蒸发岩夹层中的深灰色泥岩和页岩的地球化学特征充分体现了盐湖沉积环境标志。高盐环境有利于有机质的富集和保存 ,沙四中亚段的灰色泥岩和页岩为东营凹陷的一套有效烃源岩。

古盐湖卤水温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用探讨

古盐湖卤水的温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用的定量研究是钾盐成矿机理分析的重点和难点。本文分析和测试陕北盐盆奥陶系马家沟组、四川盆地三叠系嘉陵江组、云南兰坪-思茅盆地白垩系及老挝沙空那空盆地白垩系等八个含盐系的石盐岩中的流体包裹体,并利用均一温度计算了古盐湖的蒸发速率。若以老挝白垩纪时盐湖的蒸发速率为标准值100,陕北奥陶纪、四川三叠纪、云南白垩纪的蒸发速率标准值分别为54、68和90,而目前在老挝和云南白垩系都找到了一定规模的钾盐矿,因此高温(气温及水温)是盐湖成钾的有利条件,在卤水演化成钾的过程中可以起到重要的"催化"作用。

近50年博斯腾湖与孔雀河水盐演变过程

系统地收集分析焉耆盆地近50年的水文、气象、水土开发、社会经济等地面数据,从盆地、绿洲区、湖泊湿地等各层次分析博斯腾湖的自然与人为作用的水盐过程。建立绿洲区水土资源开发利用与湖泊湿地演变的量化关系。认为博斯腾湖20世纪50年代就是一个微咸水湖,绿洲区近50年水土开发加剧了博斯腾湖的盐化程度;1982年博斯腾湖西泵站运行,使博斯腾湖由长期处于积盐状态转变为脱盐过程;孔雀河水质从0.45g/L增加到0.89g/L。

基于MODIS数据的西台吉乃尔盐湖水体提取及水域面积的监测

西台吉乃尔盐湖具有丰富的镁锂资源,受补给、降水、水文地质条件及人为因素的影响,理化性质和面积有较大变化。通过在湖表水和干盐滩进行样本点采集,统计分析盐湖水体的光谱特征,然后根据MO-D IS数据第1、2波段的反射率和NDVI设定的阈值提取水体,进行水域面积动态变化的监测,结合气象资料,对比分析了西台湖面积的变化情况和原因,对盐湖水体的提取、湖区矿产持续开发利用和水体保护具有一定的指导作用。