背景:衰老是一个不可逆的过程,其特征与基因、饮食和环境有关。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTor)作为生长发育的中心调节剂对衰老、运动及不良饮食导致的负面影响具有调节作用,这些作用与mTor及其复合物的...背景:衰老是一个不可逆的过程,其特征与基因、饮食和环境有关。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTor)作为生长发育的中心调节剂对衰老、运动及不良饮食导致的负面影响具有调节作用,这些作用与mTor及其复合物的活性相互关联。然而各因素间的相互联系仍不十分清楚,如mTor、运动对衰老的影响。目的:拟通过研究运动、高脂/高盐饮食和mTor在衰老中的关系,从而对衰老的防治机制有更加全面的认识。方法:①文献资料法,通过在CNKI及Web of Science核心合集数据库中进行检索,围绕“mTor基因(mammalian target of rapamycin/mTor)、运动(exercise)、高脂肪/高盐饮食(high-fat diet/high-salt diet)及衰老(aging)”等关键词进行关键词的组合搜索,对相关文献进行检索、查阅和筛选,为文章提供理论支撑。②对比分析法,通过对所得到的有效文献进行仔细阅读,比较各文献间的差异,为文章论点提供理论基础。③通过对比分析文献间的异同点,明确各指标的定义及关系,从而理清文章思路。结果与结论:mTor与衰老密切相关,通过分析文献,认为mTor的2个复合物mTorC1和mTorC2在衰老、运动和骨骼肌的生长发育中起着重要作用。此外,mTor介导的S6K1、Akt、FOXO和4E-BP1信号通路与运动、高脂饮食、高盐饮食和骨骼肌/心脏衰老密切相关。展开更多
建立了网红减肥类食品中非法添加匹可硫酸钠检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品经甲醇水溶液-盐析辅助体系提取,Oasis PRiME HLB通过式固相萃取柱净化,C_(18)色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵,采用梯度洗脱,电喷雾离...建立了网红减肥类食品中非法添加匹可硫酸钠检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品经甲醇水溶液-盐析辅助体系提取,Oasis PRiME HLB通过式固相萃取柱净化,C_(18)色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵,采用梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)电离模式,多反应监测(MRM)进行扫描,外标法定量。本研究优化了提取体系,实现不同基质样品很好的分散,抗干扰效果好。采用该实验建立的方法,匹可硫酸钠在0.50~250.00 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r^(2))大于0.998,方法检出限(S/N≥3)为10.00μg/kg,定量限(S/N≥10)为25.00μg/kg。在低(25.00μg/kg)、中(50.00μg/kg)、高(250.00μg/kg)3个浓度水平下平均回收率在81.51%~104.53%之间,相对标准偏差相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.14%~5.64%之间。该方法简便、高效、准确性好、抗干扰能力强,适用于减肥类食品中非法添加匹可硫酸钠的准确定性、定量分析。展开更多
The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of...The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of the biochemical rationale behind the diet's principal guidelines has yet to be compiled.With rising interest for healthy and reliable life-style modifications to combat cardiovascular disease,this review aims to compile the most recent and relevant studies on this topic and make an informed assessment as to the efficacy of and underlying mechanisms operant in the DASH diet.Specifically,the merits of lowering dietary intake of sodium and saturated fat,as well as increasing the intake of fruits,vegetables,fiber,and dairy,have been shown to attenuate hypertension individually.Upon review of this evidence,we conclude that the combination of dietary patterns proposed in the DASH diet is effective in attenuating high blood pressure.We also suggest that efforts to more widely implement adoption of the DASH diet would be beneficial to public health.展开更多
PPARs are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors that regulate β-oxidation of fatty acids in the cardiovascular system and PPARα isoform is a putative target for regulation of cardiovascular function. High s...PPARs are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors that regulate β-oxidation of fatty acids in the cardiovascular system and PPARα isoform is a putative target for regulation of cardiovascular function. High salt diet is an injurious stimulus to cardiovascular function but its effect on PPARα and PPARα–associated profile of proteins is unknown. Quantitative proteomics involving a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by LC-MS/MS technology was used to characterize the changes in protein expression profile in the kidney, heart, and blood vessels from PPARα null (KO) and wild type (WT) mice placed on normal (0.3%, NS) or high salt (4% NaCl, HS) diet. Initial biological variation analysis using DeCyder software (v. 6.0) revealed the presence of 20 upregulated proteins and 9 proteins that are downregulated in the kidney, aorta, and heart tissues from KO and WT mice. A multimodality comparison of the differentially expressed proteins showing ≥ 1.5-fold change, ≥20% appearance at P ≤ 0.05 between strains (WT vs KO) and treatment (NS vs HS) revealed that HS diet affected 20 proteins in WT mice and 17 proteins in KO mice. However, 9 proteins were altered between WT and KO placed on NS and 7 proteins were altered by HS between WT and KO mice. The identified proteins include but not limited to those involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial electron transport chain, amino acid metabolism, stress response, DNA synthesis, and programmed cell death. HS diet led to upregulation of FAO enzymes viz: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, transketolase, and electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase to different extents in WT and KO mice. These data showed differential and protein-specific responses to HS diet in PPARα WT and KO mice that probably reflect the functional capacities of PPARα as a means to limiting any salt-induced injury to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels.展开更多
文摘背景:衰老是一个不可逆的过程,其特征与基因、饮食和环境有关。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTor)作为生长发育的中心调节剂对衰老、运动及不良饮食导致的负面影响具有调节作用,这些作用与mTor及其复合物的活性相互关联。然而各因素间的相互联系仍不十分清楚,如mTor、运动对衰老的影响。目的:拟通过研究运动、高脂/高盐饮食和mTor在衰老中的关系,从而对衰老的防治机制有更加全面的认识。方法:①文献资料法,通过在CNKI及Web of Science核心合集数据库中进行检索,围绕“mTor基因(mammalian target of rapamycin/mTor)、运动(exercise)、高脂肪/高盐饮食(high-fat diet/high-salt diet)及衰老(aging)”等关键词进行关键词的组合搜索,对相关文献进行检索、查阅和筛选,为文章提供理论支撑。②对比分析法,通过对所得到的有效文献进行仔细阅读,比较各文献间的差异,为文章论点提供理论基础。③通过对比分析文献间的异同点,明确各指标的定义及关系,从而理清文章思路。结果与结论:mTor与衰老密切相关,通过分析文献,认为mTor的2个复合物mTorC1和mTorC2在衰老、运动和骨骼肌的生长发育中起着重要作用。此外,mTor介导的S6K1、Akt、FOXO和4E-BP1信号通路与运动、高脂饮食、高盐饮食和骨骼肌/心脏衰老密切相关。
文摘建立了网红减肥类食品中非法添加匹可硫酸钠检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品经甲醇水溶液-盐析辅助体系提取,Oasis PRiME HLB通过式固相萃取柱净化,C_(18)色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵,采用梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)电离模式,多反应监测(MRM)进行扫描,外标法定量。本研究优化了提取体系,实现不同基质样品很好的分散,抗干扰效果好。采用该实验建立的方法,匹可硫酸钠在0.50~250.00 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r^(2))大于0.998,方法检出限(S/N≥3)为10.00μg/kg,定量限(S/N≥10)为25.00μg/kg。在低(25.00μg/kg)、中(50.00μg/kg)、高(250.00μg/kg)3个浓度水平下平均回收率在81.51%~104.53%之间,相对标准偏差相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.14%~5.64%之间。该方法简便、高效、准确性好、抗干扰能力强,适用于减肥类食品中非法添加匹可硫酸钠的准确定性、定量分析。
基金Supported by The Huntington Foundation as well as Brickstreet Insurance,HL109015,HL105649 and HL 071556
文摘The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of the biochemical rationale behind the diet's principal guidelines has yet to be compiled.With rising interest for healthy and reliable life-style modifications to combat cardiovascular disease,this review aims to compile the most recent and relevant studies on this topic and make an informed assessment as to the efficacy of and underlying mechanisms operant in the DASH diet.Specifically,the merits of lowering dietary intake of sodium and saturated fat,as well as increasing the intake of fruits,vegetables,fiber,and dairy,have been shown to attenuate hypertension individually.Upon review of this evidence,we conclude that the combination of dietary patterns proposed in the DASH diet is effective in attenuating high blood pressure.We also suggest that efforts to more widely implement adoption of the DASH diet would be beneficial to public health.
文摘PPARs are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors that regulate β-oxidation of fatty acids in the cardiovascular system and PPARα isoform is a putative target for regulation of cardiovascular function. High salt diet is an injurious stimulus to cardiovascular function but its effect on PPARα and PPARα–associated profile of proteins is unknown. Quantitative proteomics involving a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by LC-MS/MS technology was used to characterize the changes in protein expression profile in the kidney, heart, and blood vessels from PPARα null (KO) and wild type (WT) mice placed on normal (0.3%, NS) or high salt (4% NaCl, HS) diet. Initial biological variation analysis using DeCyder software (v. 6.0) revealed the presence of 20 upregulated proteins and 9 proteins that are downregulated in the kidney, aorta, and heart tissues from KO and WT mice. A multimodality comparison of the differentially expressed proteins showing ≥ 1.5-fold change, ≥20% appearance at P ≤ 0.05 between strains (WT vs KO) and treatment (NS vs HS) revealed that HS diet affected 20 proteins in WT mice and 17 proteins in KO mice. However, 9 proteins were altered between WT and KO placed on NS and 7 proteins were altered by HS between WT and KO mice. The identified proteins include but not limited to those involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial electron transport chain, amino acid metabolism, stress response, DNA synthesis, and programmed cell death. HS diet led to upregulation of FAO enzymes viz: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, transketolase, and electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase to different extents in WT and KO mice. These data showed differential and protein-specific responses to HS diet in PPARα WT and KO mice that probably reflect the functional capacities of PPARα as a means to limiting any salt-induced injury to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels.
