Mapping and validation of a dominant salt tolerance gene in the cultivated soybean(Glycine max) variety Tiefeng 8

Salt is an abiotic stress factor that strongly affects soybean growth and production. A single dominant gene has been shown to confer salt tolerance in the soybean cultivar Tiefeng 8.The objective of the present study was to genetically map the salt-tolerance gene in an F2:3population and a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between two cultivated soybeans, Tiefeng 8(tolerant) and 85-140(sensitive). The F2:3families and RILs were treated with 200 mmol L-1Na Cl to evaluate salt tolerance. The F2:3population showed 1(42 tolerant): 2(132 segregating): 1(65 sensitive) segregation, indicating a single dominant gene for salt tolerance in Tiefeng 8. A sequence-characterized amplified region(SCAR) marker from a previously identified random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)marker and four insertion/deletion polymorphism(In Del) markers were developed within the mapping region. Using these markers along with SSR markers, the salt-tolerance gene was mapped within 209 kb flanked by SCAR marker QS08064 and SSR marker Barcsoyssr_3_1301 on chromosome 3. Three markers that cosegregated with the salt tolerance gene and SCAR marker QS08064 were used to genotype 35 tolerant and 23 sensitive soybean accessions. These markers showed selection efficiencies of 76.2% to94.2%. The results indicate that these markers will be useful for marker-assisted breeding and facilitating map-based cloning of the salt tolerance gene in soybean.

Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the salt-tolerant eelgrass species, Zostera marina

Zostera marina, a monocotyledonous angiosperm, is one of the most important seagrass species. To inves- tigate the salt-tolerance mechanism and discover salt-tolerant genes in Z. marina, a cDNA library was con- structed. Single-pass sequencing of the 5＇ ends of 4 081 clones yielded 4 002 high quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs）, which were assembled into 241 contigs and 1 673 singletons, representing 1 914 unigenes. The average length of the ESTs was 582 bp, with sizes ranging from 100-1 500 bp. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLASTX） analysis revealed that 1 664 unigenes had significant homology to known genes in the Na- tional Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI） non-redundant （nr） database （E-value≤5-10）. Among them, the two most abundant genes encoded metallothionein （157 ESTs） and chlorophyll a/b-binding pro- tein （38 ESTs）, accounting for 7.1% and 1.7% of the total ESTs, respectively. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）, 1 462 unigenes were assigned to 1 161 pathways （E-value≤5-10）. A total of 938 unigenes were assigned Gene Ontology （GO） terms based on the GO hierarchy analysis, and InterProScan searches recognized 1 003 InterPro families. Three genes for metallothionein in Z. marina that belonged to Class II was identified. Results of this study will improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms of saline tolerance in Z. marina.

Cloning and Expression of Bile Salt Hydrolase Gene from Lactobacillus plantarum M1-UVS29

We cloned and expressed bile salt hydrolase gene ofLactobacillus plantarum M1-UVS29 in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 successfully. Gene-specific primers for amplification of L. plantarum bsh were designed by using sequence which availabled from GenBank. The production of PCR amplicon was confirmed by sequencing and cloned into pMD18-T vector, and then recombined into expression vector pNZ8148 and yielding vector pNZ8148-BSH, pNZ8148-BSH was transferred into Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. Sequencing indicated that the cloned bsh fragment contained 995 nucleotides, and shared 99.3% sequence homology with bsh gene from L. plantarum MBUL10. Cloned bsh fragment was successfully transduced into NICE expression system and confirmed by PCR and restriction digest. Recombinant BSH protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of BSH protein was approximately 37 ku. Activity of the expressed protein was 0.77 μmol· min^-1. The successfully expressed proteins by genetic engineering technology made the function of lactic acid bacteria be abundant and laid the foundation for further researches into cholesterol-lowering lactic acid bacterium food and probiotics.

Comparative Study on the Expression of Genes Involved in Carotenoid and ABA Biosynthetic Pathway in Response to Salt Stress in Tomato

Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway produces not only pigments that protect photosynthetic system against photo-oxidative damage, but also precursors of abscisic acid, the major hormone regulates stress responses. To understand the response of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to salt stress, the expression of the genes involved in carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis were compared in cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicon cv. Moneymaker and its relative wild genotype S. pimpinellifolium （PI365967） together with the contents of carotenoids and ABA. The results showed that 11 of the 15 genes investigated were up-regulated and four unaltered in Moneymaker after 5 h of salt stress; whereas only four genes were up-regulated, four unaltered, and seven down-regulated in PI365967 after stress. Further comparison revealed that 11 salinity-induced genes were expressed significantly lower in Moneymaker than in PI365967 under normal condition, and 8 of them were induced to similar levels after salt stress. In consistence, ABA level was doubled in Moneymaker but kept consistent in PI365967 after salt stress, though the contents of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, [3-carotene, lutein, and total carotenoids were kept unchanged in both species. Since it is known that PI365967 is more tolerant to salt stress than Moneymaker, we proposed that the constitutive high level of carotenoid and ABA biosynthetic pathway under normal growth condition could be benefit to PI365967 for establishing the early response to salt stress. In addition, CrtR-bl and CrtR-b2 that encode [3-carotenoid hydroxylases were the only genes in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway that were up-regulated by salt stress in both species. The CrtR-b2 gene was cloned from both species and no essential difference was found in the encoded amino acid sequences. Transformation of CrtR-b2 to tobacco improved the seed germination under salt stress condition, indicating that the hydrolysis of β-carotenoid is the target of transcriptional regulation of the carotenoid biosynthesis in both tomato cultivar and wild relative.

Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression in Two Muskmelon Cultivars(Cucumis melo L.) Under Salt Stress

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely affects crop growth and productivity. A subtractive suppression hybridization （SSH） library were constructed from the roots of salt-sensitive Yulu cultivar melon seedlings under salt stress; 557 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were randomly sequenced, with an average size of 428 bp, which assembled into 68 contigs and 315 singletons. Compared with our previous SSH library generated from the salt-tolerant Bingxuecui cultivar, the proportion of transcripts involved in metabolism, protein fate, cellular communication/signal transduction mechanisms, and cell rescue/defense were 4, 1.46, 0.94, and 0.4% higher, respectively, in the salt-tolerant cultivar than the in salt-sensitive cultivar. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of eleven transcripts revealed temporal variations in their expression in the two cultivars under salt stress. One NAC gene （JZ477011） was heterologously expressed in yeast for functional characterization, and enhanced the sensitivity of yeast cells to high-salinity to salt stress and inhibited their growth. Information regards to their functions would aid in the understanding of response mechanisms to saline stress and in the development of molecular markers for selecting salt-tolerant melon cultivars.

Overexpression of the Suaeda salsa SsNHX1 gene confers enhanced salt and drought tolerance to transgenic Zea mays

Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide, but it suffers from salt stress when grown in saline-alkaline soil. There is therefore an urgent need to improve maize salt tolerance and crop yield. In this study, the SsNHX1 gene of Suaeda salsa, which encodes a vacuolar membrane Na~+/H~+ antiporter, was transformed into the maize inbred line 18-599 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic maize plants overexpressing the SsNHX1 gene showed less growth retardation when treated with an increasing NaCl gradient of up to 1%, indicating enhanced salt tolerance. The improved salt tolerance of transgenic plants was also demonstrated by a significantly elevated seed germination rate(79%) and a reduction in seminal root length inhibition. Moreover, transgenic plants under salt stress exhibited less physiological damage. SsNHX1-overexpressing transgenic maize accumulated more Na~+ and K~+ than wild-type(WT) plants particularly in the leaves, resulting in a higher ratio of K~+/Na~+ in the leaves under salt stress. This result revealed that the improved salt tolerance of SsNHX1-overexpressing transgenic maize plants was likely attributed to SsNHX1-mediated localization of Na~+ to vacuoles and subsequent maintenance of the cytosolic ionic balance. In addition, SsNHX1 overexpression also improved the drought tolerance of the transgenic maize plants, as rehydrated transgenic plants were restored to normal growth while WT plants did not grow normally after dehydration treatment. Therefore, based on our engineering approach, SsNHX1 represents a promising candidate gene for improving the salt and drought tolerance of maize and other crops.

Cloning and Characterization of a Salt Tolerance-Associated Gene Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase in Sweetpotato

Trehalose plays an important role in metabolic regulation and abiotic stress tolerance in a variety of organisms. In plants, its biosynthesis is catalyzed by two key enzymes： trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（TPS） and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase（TPP）. In the present study, a TPS gene, named IbTPS, was first isolated from sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.） cv. Lushu 3 by rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）. The open reading frame（ORF） contained 2 580 nucleotides encoding 859 amino acids with a molecular weight of 97.433 kDa and an isoelectric point（pI） of 5.7. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identities with TPS of other plants. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbTPS gene was significantly higher in stems of Lushu 3 than in its leaves and roots. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that IbTPS gene was located in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco（cv. Wisconsin 38） plants over-expressing IbTPS gene exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance compared with the control plant. Trehalose and proline content was found to be significantly more accumulated in transgenic tobacco plants than in the wild-type and several stress tolerance related genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that IbTPS gene may enhance salt tolerance of plants by increasing the amount of treahalose and proline and regulating the expression of stress tolerance related genes.

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Salt Tolerance-Associated Gene IbNFU1 from Sweetpotato

Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis involving the nitrogen fixation（Nif） proteins has been proposed as a general mechanism acting in various organisms.NifU-like protein may play an important role in protecting plants against abiotic and biotic stresses.Based on the EST sequence selected from salt-stressed suppression subtractive hybridization（SSH） cDNA library constructed with a salt-tolerant mutant LM79,a NFU gene,termed IbNFU1,was cloned from sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.） via rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）.The cDNA sequence of 1 117 bp contained an 846 bp open reading frame encoding a 281 amino acids polypeptide with a molecular weight of 30.5 kDa and an isoelectric point（pI） of 5.12.IbNFU1 gene contained a conserved Cys-X-X-Cys motif in C-terminal of the iron-sulfur cluster domain.The deduced amino acid sequence had 66.08 to 71.99% sequence identity to NFU genes reported in Arabidopsis thaliana,Eucalyptus grandis and Vitis vinifera.Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbNFU1 gene was significantly higher in the roots of the mutant LM79 compared to the wild-type Lizixiang.Transgenic tobacco（cv.Wisconsin 38） plants expressing IbNFU1 gene exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance compared to the untransformed control plants.It is proposed that IbNFU1 gene has an important function for salt tolerance of plants.

Cloning of Bile Salt Hydrolase Gene and Its Expression in Lactic Acid Bacteria

According to the sequence of the bile salt hydrolase （BSH） gene of Bifidobacterium and the restriction enzyme cutting sites of expression vector pNZ8148, primers were designed and the bile salt hydrolase （BSH） gene was gotten from Bacillus bifidus ATCC 29521 by PCR. BSH gene was inserted into lactic acid bacteria expression vector pNZ8148 to construct the recombinant pNZ8148-BSH. The recombinant pNZ8148-BSH was transferred into lactic acid bacteria NZ9000 with electrotransformation method. And the recombinant which could express BSH protein was obtained. It was identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and activity verification. The result could provide a rationale reference for expressing BSH in lactic acid bacteria.

Transcriptome analysis of salt-responsive genes and SSR marker exploration in Carex rigescens using RNA-seq

Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in C. rigescens, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing on C. rigescens exposed to a 0.4% salt treatment （Cr_Salt） was compared to a non-salt control （Cr_Ctrl）. In total, 57 742 546 and 47 063 488 clean reads were obtained from the Cr Ctrl and Cr Salt treatments, respectively. Additionally, 21 954 unigenes were found and annotated using multiple databases. Among these unigenes, 34 were found to respond to salt stress at a statistically significant level with 6 genes up-regulated and 28 downregulated. Specifically, genes encoding an EF-hand domain, ZFP and AP2 were responsive to salt stress, highlighting their roles in future research regarding salt tolerance in C. rigescens and other plants. According to our quantitative RT-PCR results, the expression pattern of all detected differentially expressed genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we identified 11 643 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） from the unigenes. A total of 144 amplified successfully in the C. rigescens cultivar LOping 1, and 69 of them reflected polymorphisms between the two genotypes tested. This is the first genome-wide transcriptome study of C. rigescens in both salt-responsive gene investigation and SSR marker exploration. Our results provide further insights into genome annotation, novel gene discovery, molecular breeding and comparative genomics in C. rigescens and related grass species.

Gene Response to Salt Stress in Populus euphratica

Through construction of a subtracted cDNA library and library screening, a number of salt-induced cDNA fragments have been cloned from Populus euphratica. Based on the results of DNA sequencing and Northern analysis, the gene response of Populus euphratica to salt stress is discussed. It is indicated that in response to salt treatment the transcription level for some genes of Populus euphratica increases by about 1.5 times and significant difference between the responses to osmotic stress and to ion stress has been observed in gene activity.

Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Responsive to ABA and Cold/Salt Stresses in Gossypium hirsutum by Data-Mining and Expression Pattern Analysis

For making better use of nucleic acid resources of Gossypium hirsutum, a data-mining method was used to identify putative genes responsive to various abiotic stresses in G. hirsutum. Based on the compiled database including genes involved in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana and the comprehensive analysis tool of GENEVESTIGATOR v3, 826 genes up-regulated or down-regulated significantly in roots or leaves during salt or cold treatment in Arabidopsis were identified. As compared to these 826 Arabidopsis genes annotated, 38 homologous expressed sequence tags （ESTs） from G. hirsutum were selected randomly and their expression patterns were studied using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Among these 38 ESTs, about 55% of the genes （21 of 38） were different in response to ABA between cotton and Arabidopsis, whereas 70% of genes had similar responses to cold and salt treatments, and some of them which had not been characterized in Arabidopsis are now being investigated in gene function studies. According to these results, this approach of analyzing ESTs appears effective in large-scale identification of cotton genes involved in abiotic stress and might be adopted to determine gene functions in various biologic processes in cotton.

王族海棠Alfin-like家族基因的鉴定及盐胁迫下的表达分析

Alfin-like(AL)转录因子家族对非生物胁迫反应具有重要的调控作用。本研究采用同源比对的方法检索鉴定王族海棠AL转录因子家族基因,系统分析其生物信息学特性,并采用qRT-PCR方法分析其在盐胁迫下的表达模式,以期为揭示AL家族在王族海棠响应盐胁迫中的生理功能提供理论依据。结果表明,从王族海棠基因组中共鉴定出11个MdALs基因,分布在6条染色体上,分别命名为MdAL1—MdAL11。MdALs转录因子具有高度保守的Alfin结构域和PHD锌指结构域,含4~10个内含子;上游启动子区域有大量与植物激素和非生物胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件,且基因片段复制事件在MdAL基因家族的扩展中起着至关重要的作用。转录组分析显示MdALs基因主要在王族海棠生育后期高表达。qRT-PCR分析进一步表明,MdALs基因在王族海棠遭受盐胁迫下的表达模式不同,盐胁迫下,MdAL3、MdAL4、MdAL6基因的表达量整体上调,尤其MdAL4基因,其表达水平随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长呈显著增加趋势。综上,王族海棠AL转录因子家族与植物响应激素变化和非生物胁迫密切相关,尤其是MdAL4基因,强烈响应盐胁迫,这可为利用基因工程技术改良王族海棠种质奠定基础。

小麦耐盐基因TaHKT1的新单倍型及其耐盐性评价

本研究利用0.5%盐胁迫对275份小麦品种(系)进行芽期耐盐性鉴定,测定发芽率、芽长、根长、根数、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量及根冠比等指标。利用主成分分析法将7个指标转化为3个主成分,累积贡献率为74.35%。通过主成分贡献率和隶属函数分析进一步将3个主成分简化为综合评价值(D)。根据D值的大小,利用聚类分析法将275份小麦品种(系)划分为高耐盐、中耐盐、耐盐、盐敏感和盐高敏感共5个等级,筛选出高耐盐种质11份、中耐盐107份、耐盐60份,累计占比64.7%。通过对13个小麦品种(系)进行TaHKT1基因序列分析,发现T∶T新单倍型与耐盐性相关。利用KASP标记对275份小麦品种(系)进行检测,有98份小麦品种(系)为新单倍型,占35.64%;新单倍型小麦品种(系)在各省份中所占比例不同。将小麦品种(系)的TaHKT1基因T∶T单倍型与耐盐性D值进行关联分析,结果表明,TaHKT1基因T∶T单倍型与小麦芽期耐盐性差异达极显著水平(p<0.01)。

桂花OfWRKY120基因鉴定及盐胁迫响应功能研究

【目的】根据前期基因家族鉴定分析得到OfWRKY120,对该基因盐胁迫响应的功能进行分析,为桂花盐胁迫下的调控机制研究奠定基础。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对OfWRKY120保守结构域、系统进化进行分析,并采用qRT-PCR技术研究盐胁迫下OfWRKY120在桂花叶片中的相对表达量。构建OfWRKY120超表达载体,使用亚细胞定位、酵母自激活检测等探究其特性,将该基因瞬时转化本氏烟草后,对烟草进行盐处理,利用DAB、NBT染色和相关生理指标的测定,解析瞬时转化OfWRKY120对本氏烟草耐盐性的影响。【结果】OfWRKY120基因全长为1422 bp,编码474个氨基酸,存在WRKY superfamily保守结构域。盐胁迫能够激活桂花叶片中OfWRKY120的表达,在72 h时相对表达量最高,与对照有显著差异。亚细胞定位结果表明,OfWRKY120定位于细胞核。酵母自激活结果显示OfWRKY120无自激活活性。盐胁迫后,OfWRKY120瞬时过表达植株的超氧阴离子(O-·2)和脯氨酸含量显著高于空载对照,且DAB和NBT染色表现出更深的颜色。本氏烟草中的qRT-PCR结果显示,OfWRKY120显著降低了NbCAT的表达,而显著提高了NbP5CS1、NbP5CS2和NbP5CR的表达。【结论】OfWRKY120过表达增加了盐胁迫下本氏烟草中活性氧(ROS)的含量,导致植物对盐胁迫的敏感性提高。

藜麦SOD家族基因的鉴定及其对混合盐碱胁迫的响应

超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)是植物抗氧化系统的关键酶,在保护植物免受生物和非生物胁迫方面发挥重要作用。以拟南芥SOD为基础,通过序列比对在藜麦基因组中鉴定出12个SOD基因,分别定位于细胞核、微体及线粒体,在11条染色体上不均匀分布,其编码蛋白质三级结构显示Cu/Zn-SODs与Fe-SODs为同源二聚体,Mn-SODs为同源四聚体。CqSOD基因内含子/外显子分布模式不尽相同,内含子数介于4~7个,保守基序差异明显。系统发育关系显示,SOD蛋白可分为Cu/Zn-SODs、Fe-SODs及Mn-SODs 3个亚族。此外,所有的CqFe-SODs及CqMn-SODs启动子区都含有脱落酸激素反应顺式元件,CqSOD12与11个CqSOD蛋白及4个CqCAT蛋白存在相互作用。表达谱分析表明,12个CqSOD基因对混合盐碱及硝普钠均有较强响应。研究结果为SOD基因在植物发育和胁迫响应中的作用及分子机制研究奠定基础。

栀子WRKY基因家族鉴定及其响应盐胁迫的表达模式

【目的】为进一步研究WRKY基因家族在调控栀子盐胁迫中的功能作用、培育栀子抗盐新品种。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对栀子WRKY基因家族成员(GjWRKY)进行全基因组鉴定和相关分析。【结果】共鉴定出47个WRKY基因,非均匀地分布在10条染色体上,通过系统发育树将其分为3大组:GroupⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ。GjWRKY基因以串联重复为主要扩增方式,且多数基因成员含有3个外显子。GjWRKY基因家族启动子2000 bp区域含有大量激素类和胁迫类响应顺式作用元件。46个GjWRKY基因在中度(MS)和重度盐胁迫(SS)下具有不同程度的高表达,部分GjWRKY基因产生特异性表达,17个GjWRKY基因表现为上调表达,推测这部分GjWRKY基因可能起正调控作用。【结论】GjWRKY基因在栀子抗盐胁迫中发挥了重要作用。

辣椒CaNAC36的耐盐性分析

【目的】辣椒是中国种植面积最大的蔬菜作物,随着土地盐碱化问题日趋严重,探讨辣椒耐盐关键基因的功能,加强辣椒耐盐机制研究对促进辣椒产业可持续发展具有重要意义。【方法】研究组前期挖掘到辣椒盐胁迫响应相关的NAC转录因子家族基因CaNAC36,在此基础上,以耐盐辣椒PI201224和敏盐辣椒PI438643为供试品种,克隆获得CaNAC36全长gDNA和cDNA序列,荧光定量分析CaNAC36及可能互作基因在盐胁迫条件下组织表达情况,并结合生物信息学分析探究CaNAC36及其互作基因之间的潜在关系。【结果】CaNAC36序列在耐盐和敏盐材料中DNA和cDNA同源性分别为99.86%和100%;CaNAC36在耐盐材料根和茎组织中表现为诱导上调表达,在敏盐材料根和叶中表现为诱导下调表达;对可能与CaNAC36存在互作关系的48个基因的注释信息进行分析,发现跨膜蛋白、转运蛋白、水孔蛋白、氯离子通道蛋白、解毒蛋白等14个基因可能与CaNAC36存在功能互作。在PI201224和PI438643盐胁迫处理不同时间、不同组织中,5个相关基因(Capana08g002748、Capana00g004514、Capana09g000275、Capana07g001450、Capana02g001031)的表达呈显著差异;同时结合启动子分析发现CaNAC36及5个关联基因启动子域含有大量的逆境相关顺式作用元件。【结论】CaNAC36是辣椒响应盐胁迫的重要调节基因,其可能与其他基因相互作用而提高植株的耐盐性。

盐生草HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23基因的克隆及表达分析

【目的】WRKY转录因子在响应植物逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要的生物学功能。克隆盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23转录因子,分析其亚细胞定位及表达模式,为进一步探究其在盐胁迫响应中的分子机制奠定基础。【方法】基于盐生草全长转录组数据,采用RT-PCR法克隆得到HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23全长序列,通过烟草瞬时转化试验明确其亚细胞定位,并使用qRT-PCR方法分析其在不同盐胁迫时间下(0、6、24和48 h)盐生草叶片和根系中的相对表达量。【结果】成功克隆得到HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23基因,分别编码389和378个氨基酸;其编码蛋白均包含1个典型的WRKYGQK保守结构域和C2H2型(CX5C23HXH)的锌指结构,具碱性、不稳定性、亲水性、无信号肽和跨膜结构等特征;有65个磷酸化位点;二级结构预测均以无规则卷曲占比最大。系统进化分析发现HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23与藜麦、菠菜、甜菜头等藜科草本植物的WRKY蛋白同源性最高。亚细胞定位显示二者主要在细胞核和细胞膜中表达。qRT-PCR分析表明HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23主要在根系表达,具组织特异性,且表达量均在盐胁迫24 h达到峰值。【结论】HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23编码蛋白具典型的WRKY家族结构特征,属于Ⅱd亚类WRKY蛋白,进化高度保守,定位于细胞核和细胞膜上。HgWRKY19和HgWRKY23在根系中受盐胁迫诱导表达,且在不同胁迫时间下表达量差异显著(P<0.05),推测其在盐胁迫响应中发挥重要作用。

中国沙棘HrNHX6基因的生物信息学分析及其在盐胁迫下的表达模式

Na^(+)/H^(+)逆向转运蛋白(NHX)广泛存在于多种生物中,可调节植物响应盐胁迫.本研究对中国沙棘HrNHX6进行结构预测和分析,并采用qRT-PCR技术分析不同浓度NaCl胁迫下HrNHX6基因的表达情况.结果如下:①HrNHX6基因总长为1347 bp,与月季花等植物NHX6基因具有较高的同源性.②HrNHX6为稳定的疏水性蛋白,定位于高尔基体膜中,不具有信号肽,含7个跨膜螺旋结构,且α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为其二级结构的主要构成元件,具有多个修饰位点.③盐胁迫下中国沙棘根、茎、叶中的HrNHX6基因表达上调,说明HrNHX6基因在中国沙棘响应盐胁迫的过程中可能发挥着重要的调控作用.本研究结果可为阐明中国沙棘应对盐胁迫的机制奠定基础.