AIM: To investigate the relationship between salt intake and salty taste and risk of gastric cancer. METHODS: A 1:2 matched hospital based case-control study including 300 patients with gastric cancer and 600 cancer-f...AIM: To investigate the relationship between salt intake and salty taste and risk of gastric cancer. METHODS: A 1:2 matched hospital based case-control study including 300 patients with gastric cancer and 600 cancer-free subjects as controls. Subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire containing 80 items, which elicited information on dietary, lifestyle habits, smoking and drinking histories. Subjects were tested for salt taste sensitivity threshold (STST) usingconcentrated saline solutions (0.22-58.4 g/L). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Alcohol and tobacco consumption increased the risk of gastric cancer [OR (95% CI) was 2.27 (1.27-4.04) for alcohol and 2.41 (1.51-3.87) for tobacco]. A protective effect was observed in frequent consumption of fresh vegetable and fruit [OR (95% CI) was 0.92 (0.58-0.98) for fresh vegetable and 0.87 (0.67-0.93) for fruit]. Strong association was found between STST ≥ 5 and gastric cancer [OR = 5.71 (3.18-6.72)]. Increased STST score was significantly associated with salted food intake and salty taste preference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A high STST score is strongly associated with gastric cancer risk. STST can be used to evaluate an inherited characteristic of salt preference, and it is a simple index to verify the salt intake in clinic.展开更多
Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0...Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil microbial community structural diversity were 0.70 d S/m for Cl– and 1.75 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–.展开更多
为探讨含盐量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响,该研究对采自于青海柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖地区的盐渍土进行了洗盐试验以获得素土试样;根据该区盐渍土类型及盐渍化程度,在洗盐后土体中分别加入不等量的无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4),以获得不同含盐量的人工...为探讨含盐量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响,该研究对采自于青海柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖地区的盐渍土进行了洗盐试验以获得素土试样;根据该区盐渍土类型及盐渍化程度,在洗盐后土体中分别加入不等量的无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4),以获得不同含盐量的人工配制硫酸盐渍土,并对上述不同含盐量的人工配制硫酸盐渍土开展室内直接剪切试验。试验结果表明,洗盐试验后土体中的易溶盐离子含量及p H值均显著低于洗盐前盐渍土;当土体密度和含水量分别为1.41 g/cm3和25.68%时,洗盐后土体粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值分别为14.8 k Pa和26.5°,均高于洗盐前盐渍土的粘聚力值(6.7 k Pa)和内摩擦角值(24.6°);不同含盐量梯度条件下的人工配制硫酸盐渍土的粘聚力和内摩擦角,随土体含盐量增加均表现出先减小后增加的变化特征。当含盐量由0.74%增至5.17%时,人工配制硫酸盐渍土粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均呈逐渐减小的变化规律,当土体含盐量由5.17%增至14.17%时,人工配制硫酸盐渍土粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均表现出增加的变化规律,且当含盐量为5.17%时,其粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值分别为8.3 k Pa和26.1°,均为最小值,即该值对应的含盐量值即为人工配制硫酸盐渍土的含盐量阈值。本项研究成果对于进一步探讨含盐量变化对盐渍土抗剪强度影响,及含盐量变化与盐渍土粘聚力和内摩擦角之间的关系等方面具有理论研究价值和实际意义。展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between salt intake and salty taste and risk of gastric cancer. METHODS: A 1:2 matched hospital based case-control study including 300 patients with gastric cancer and 600 cancer-free subjects as controls. Subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire containing 80 items, which elicited information on dietary, lifestyle habits, smoking and drinking histories. Subjects were tested for salt taste sensitivity threshold (STST) usingconcentrated saline solutions (0.22-58.4 g/L). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Alcohol and tobacco consumption increased the risk of gastric cancer [OR (95% CI) was 2.27 (1.27-4.04) for alcohol and 2.41 (1.51-3.87) for tobacco]. A protective effect was observed in frequent consumption of fresh vegetable and fruit [OR (95% CI) was 0.92 (0.58-0.98) for fresh vegetable and 0.87 (0.67-0.93) for fruit]. Strong association was found between STST ≥ 5 and gastric cancer [OR = 5.71 (3.18-6.72)]. Increased STST score was significantly associated with salted food intake and salty taste preference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A high STST score is strongly associated with gastric cancer risk. STST can be used to evaluate an inherited characteristic of salt preference, and it is a simple index to verify the salt intake in clinic.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2016YFC0501404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41461064)
文摘Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil microbial community structural diversity were 0.70 d S/m for Cl– and 1.75 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–.
文摘为探讨含盐量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响,该研究对采自于青海柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖地区的盐渍土进行了洗盐试验以获得素土试样;根据该区盐渍土类型及盐渍化程度,在洗盐后土体中分别加入不等量的无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4),以获得不同含盐量的人工配制硫酸盐渍土,并对上述不同含盐量的人工配制硫酸盐渍土开展室内直接剪切试验。试验结果表明,洗盐试验后土体中的易溶盐离子含量及p H值均显著低于洗盐前盐渍土;当土体密度和含水量分别为1.41 g/cm3和25.68%时,洗盐后土体粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值分别为14.8 k Pa和26.5°,均高于洗盐前盐渍土的粘聚力值(6.7 k Pa)和内摩擦角值(24.6°);不同含盐量梯度条件下的人工配制硫酸盐渍土的粘聚力和内摩擦角,随土体含盐量增加均表现出先减小后增加的变化特征。当含盐量由0.74%增至5.17%时,人工配制硫酸盐渍土粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均呈逐渐减小的变化规律,当土体含盐量由5.17%增至14.17%时,人工配制硫酸盐渍土粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值均表现出增加的变化规律,且当含盐量为5.17%时,其粘聚力c值和内摩擦角φ值分别为8.3 k Pa和26.1°,均为最小值,即该值对应的含盐量值即为人工配制硫酸盐渍土的含盐量阈值。本项研究成果对于进一步探讨含盐量变化对盐渍土抗剪强度影响,及含盐量变化与盐渍土粘聚力和内摩擦角之间的关系等方面具有理论研究价值和实际意义。
