El Salvador established diplomatic relationship with China in 2018,opening a new chapter in the history of bilateral relations.Since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship,bilateral relations have been growi...El Salvador established diplomatic relationship with China in 2018,opening a new chapter in the history of bilateral relations.Since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship,bilateral relations have been growing steadily,with frequent reciprocal visits of high-ranking officials between the two countries.The cooperation has achieved fruitful results in the realms of politics,trade,the economy and cultural humanities.展开更多
目的:探讨TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B两种蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达和临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测42例胰腺癌组织、11例胰腺炎组织和9例正常胰腺组织中TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B两种蛋白的表达.结果:TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B蛋白在胰腺癌组织中...目的:探讨TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B两种蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达和临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测42例胰腺癌组织、11例胰腺炎组织和9例正常胰腺组织中TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B两种蛋白的表达.结果:TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的阳性表达率均明显低于在正常胰腺组织和胰腺炎组织中的表达(30.95%vs77.78%,81.82%;28.57% vs 66.67%,81.82%,P<0.05或0.01).TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B蛋白的异常表达均与胰腺癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄、部位和病理分型无关.在42例胰腺癌中TSLC1与DAL-1/4.1B蛋白表达呈显著正相关(rs=0.489,P<0.01).结论:胰腺癌中存在TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B基因的失活和蛋白表达下调,二者可能通过TSLC1-DAL-1/4.1B级联反应共同参与胰腺癌的发生、发展和转移.展开更多
肺癌肿瘤抑制物基因1（tumor suppressor of non—small cell lung cancer1／TSLC1）和肺腺癌差异表达因子4．1B（differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung／4．1B，DAL-1／4．1B）均是近年新发现的抑癌基因，具有潜在...肺癌肿瘤抑制物基因1（tumor suppressor of non—small cell lung cancer1／TSLC1）和肺腺癌差异表达因子4．1B（differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung／4．1B，DAL-1／4．1B）均是近年新发现的抑癌基因，具有潜在的肿瘤抑制作用。研究表明二者在多种组织中都有表达，而且在许多肿瘤中均表现为表达减低或表达缺失。肿瘤的浸润程度、转移程度和疾病预后情况与抑癌基因的表达与否密切相关，抑癌基因失活的主要可能机制之一是基因启动子发生甲基化。二者可作为新的肿瘤标志物，指导肿瘤的早期诊断及靶基因治疗。展开更多
目的:研究肺癌肿瘤抑制物1(tumor suppressor i n lung cancer-1,TSLC1)、肺腺癌差异表达因子4.1B(differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung/4.1B,DAL-1/4.1B)和果蝇肿瘤抑制因子同源分子-3(membraneprotein palmitoyla...目的:研究肺癌肿瘤抑制物1(tumor suppressor i n lung cancer-1,TSLC1)、肺腺癌差异表达因子4.1B(differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung/4.1B,DAL-1/4.1B)和果蝇肿瘤抑制因子同源分子-3(membraneprotein palmitoylated 3,MPP3)在大肠癌中的表达及其相互关系,并探讨其临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学EnVisionTM法检测76例大肠癌和22例正常肠黏膜组织中TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B、MPP3的表达,并结合其临床病理特征分析.结果:正常肠黏膜组织中TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3均呈清晰的棕黄色染色定位在上皮细胞质和/或细胞膜.TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性表达率均明显低于其在正常肠黏膜组织中的表达(32.89%vs81.81%,27.63%vs 63.64%,35.53%vs 68.18%;P<0.05).TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3蛋白在大肠癌的表达缺失与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和Dukes'分期密切相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄和肿瘤大小无关.结论:大肠癌中存在TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3基因的表达缺失,TSLC1与DAL-1/4.1B及MPP3之间的相互作用可能是其发挥肿瘤抑制作用的主要分子机制,三者可能通过TSLC1级联反应共同参与大肠癌的发生、发展和转移.展开更多
利用酵母双杂交系统,以鼠M ST 1(M amm alian STE 20-1 ike 1)为诱饵蛋白,在鼠胚胎库中筛选到22个Salvador的片段。通过E.coli表达系统纯化了6个组氨酸(6H is)融合的M ST 1和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)融合的Salvador,并做体外蛋白质结合实...利用酵母双杂交系统,以鼠M ST 1(M amm alian STE 20-1 ike 1)为诱饵蛋白,在鼠胚胎库中筛选到22个Salvador的片段。通过E.coli表达系统纯化了6个组氨酸(6H is)融合的M ST 1和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)融合的Salvador,并做体外蛋白质结合实验,进一步证实了两蛋白质相互结合。通过体外激酶活性分析,发现M ST 1并不直接磷酸化Salvador,但是Salvador能够较强地抑制M ST 1对M BP(磷酸丁酯)的磷酸化,提示有可能Salvador通过影响M ST 1的激酶活性来参与了M ST 1介导的细胞凋亡途径。展开更多
Introduction: The occupational toxic risks from agricultural activities in El Salvador affect human and environmental health. The objective of this paper is to describe the management of pesticide by farmers confirmed...Introduction: The occupational toxic risks from agricultural activities in El Salvador affect human and environmental health. The objective of this paper is to describe the management of pesticide by farmers confirmed with a chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) not associated to diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Methods: The study involved 42 male patients older than 18 years old with confirmed CKDu that have participated in different stages of pesticides management. This is a cross-sectional study;it was conducted from January to June 2011, in three communities of Bajo Lempa region, El Salvador. An interview was especially designed to investigate which pesticides were used and the farmer practices at different stages of pesticide use. Statistical descriptive analysis was carried out for the several studied variables. Results: All interviewed people had a direct relationship with agricultural activities. The majority of patients had poor education, 19% were illiterate and 55% only have primary education. Most farmers with CKDu had been exposed more than 10 years to hazardous pesticides. The most used pesticide was Hedonal/2, 4 D (100%). 95% interviewed patients mixed different pesticides and 63% dumped empty pesticide containers in the fields. Interviewees did not use appropriate personal protective equipment (100%). Conclusions: There is high use of hazardous pesticides by patients and some of these are banned and some are legal in El Salvador, but prohibited by other countries. Interviewed CKDu patients had high exposure to toxic pesticides due to the misuse in almost all stages. There is inadequate legislation and a poor law enforcement to prevent the misuse of pesticides in El Salvador.展开更多
Objective: It is in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV, the frequency of sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of available resources to prevent and treat HIV among crack users in the San Salvador ...Objective: It is in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV, the frequency of sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of available resources to prevent and treat HIV among crack users in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area. Methods: We conducted a survey of 420 crack users by using respondent-driven sampling to measure demographic characteristics, the quantity and frequency of drug use, history of STIs, including HIV, and experiences with organizations which provide prevention and treatment of HIV. Each participant offered a free and voluntary HIV test and was asked permission to share the results of the test with the study. Bernoullian modeling was used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV among heterosexual males in this population. Results: The estimated prevalence was 7% (95% CI: 2.3% -9.8%) among participants who agreed to take the test and share the results, and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.8% -7.8%) assuming that those who did not take the test or share results were seronegative. Participants reported a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors. In addition, participants were reported to have little knowledge of organizations to prevent or treat HIV/AIDS;58% had never taken an HIV test prior to survey administration. Conclusions: Crack users in San Salvador are at high risk for HIV acquisition. HIV prevention interventions are urgently needed, especially interventions increasing access to HIV testing and prevention.展开更多
文摘El Salvador established diplomatic relationship with China in 2018,opening a new chapter in the history of bilateral relations.Since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship,bilateral relations have been growing steadily,with frequent reciprocal visits of high-ranking officials between the two countries.The cooperation has achieved fruitful results in the realms of politics,trade,the economy and cultural humanities.
文摘目的:探讨TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B两种蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达和临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测42例胰腺癌组织、11例胰腺炎组织和9例正常胰腺组织中TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B两种蛋白的表达.结果:TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的阳性表达率均明显低于在正常胰腺组织和胰腺炎组织中的表达(30.95%vs77.78%,81.82%;28.57% vs 66.67%,81.82%,P<0.05或0.01).TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B蛋白的异常表达均与胰腺癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄、部位和病理分型无关.在42例胰腺癌中TSLC1与DAL-1/4.1B蛋白表达呈显著正相关(rs=0.489,P<0.01).结论:胰腺癌中存在TSLC1和DAL-1/4.1B基因的失活和蛋白表达下调,二者可能通过TSLC1-DAL-1/4.1B级联反应共同参与胰腺癌的发生、发展和转移.
文摘肺癌肿瘤抑制物基因1（tumor suppressor of non—small cell lung cancer1／TSLC1）和肺腺癌差异表达因子4．1B（differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung／4．1B，DAL-1／4．1B）均是近年新发现的抑癌基因，具有潜在的肿瘤抑制作用。研究表明二者在多种组织中都有表达，而且在许多肿瘤中均表现为表达减低或表达缺失。肿瘤的浸润程度、转移程度和疾病预后情况与抑癌基因的表达与否密切相关，抑癌基因失活的主要可能机制之一是基因启动子发生甲基化。二者可作为新的肿瘤标志物，指导肿瘤的早期诊断及靶基因治疗。
文摘目的:研究肺癌肿瘤抑制物1(tumor suppressor i n lung cancer-1,TSLC1)、肺腺癌差异表达因子4.1B(differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung/4.1B,DAL-1/4.1B)和果蝇肿瘤抑制因子同源分子-3(membraneprotein palmitoylated 3,MPP3)在大肠癌中的表达及其相互关系,并探讨其临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学EnVisionTM法检测76例大肠癌和22例正常肠黏膜组织中TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B、MPP3的表达,并结合其临床病理特征分析.结果:正常肠黏膜组织中TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3均呈清晰的棕黄色染色定位在上皮细胞质和/或细胞膜.TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性表达率均明显低于其在正常肠黏膜组织中的表达(32.89%vs81.81%,27.63%vs 63.64%,35.53%vs 68.18%;P<0.05).TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3蛋白在大肠癌的表达缺失与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和Dukes'分期密切相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄和肿瘤大小无关.结论:大肠癌中存在TSLC1、DAL-1/4.1B和MPP3基因的表达缺失,TSLC1与DAL-1/4.1B及MPP3之间的相互作用可能是其发挥肿瘤抑制作用的主要分子机制,三者可能通过TSLC1级联反应共同参与大肠癌的发生、发展和转移.
文摘利用酵母双杂交系统,以鼠M ST 1(M amm alian STE 20-1 ike 1)为诱饵蛋白,在鼠胚胎库中筛选到22个Salvador的片段。通过E.coli表达系统纯化了6个组氨酸(6H is)融合的M ST 1和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)融合的Salvador,并做体外蛋白质结合实验,进一步证实了两蛋白质相互结合。通过体外激酶活性分析,发现M ST 1并不直接磷酸化Salvador,但是Salvador能够较强地抑制M ST 1对M BP(磷酸丁酯)的磷酸化,提示有可能Salvador通过影响M ST 1的激酶活性来参与了M ST 1介导的细胞凋亡途径。
文摘Introduction: The occupational toxic risks from agricultural activities in El Salvador affect human and environmental health. The objective of this paper is to describe the management of pesticide by farmers confirmed with a chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) not associated to diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Methods: The study involved 42 male patients older than 18 years old with confirmed CKDu that have participated in different stages of pesticides management. This is a cross-sectional study;it was conducted from January to June 2011, in three communities of Bajo Lempa region, El Salvador. An interview was especially designed to investigate which pesticides were used and the farmer practices at different stages of pesticide use. Statistical descriptive analysis was carried out for the several studied variables. Results: All interviewed people had a direct relationship with agricultural activities. The majority of patients had poor education, 19% were illiterate and 55% only have primary education. Most farmers with CKDu had been exposed more than 10 years to hazardous pesticides. The most used pesticide was Hedonal/2, 4 D (100%). 95% interviewed patients mixed different pesticides and 63% dumped empty pesticide containers in the fields. Interviewees did not use appropriate personal protective equipment (100%). Conclusions: There is high use of hazardous pesticides by patients and some of these are banned and some are legal in El Salvador, but prohibited by other countries. Interviewed CKDu patients had high exposure to toxic pesticides due to the misuse in almost all stages. There is inadequate legislation and a poor law enforcement to prevent the misuse of pesticides in El Salvador.
文摘Objective: It is in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV, the frequency of sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of available resources to prevent and treat HIV among crack users in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area. Methods: We conducted a survey of 420 crack users by using respondent-driven sampling to measure demographic characteristics, the quantity and frequency of drug use, history of STIs, including HIV, and experiences with organizations which provide prevention and treatment of HIV. Each participant offered a free and voluntary HIV test and was asked permission to share the results of the test with the study. Bernoullian modeling was used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV among heterosexual males in this population. Results: The estimated prevalence was 7% (95% CI: 2.3% -9.8%) among participants who agreed to take the test and share the results, and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.8% -7.8%) assuming that those who did not take the test or share results were seronegative. Participants reported a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors. In addition, participants were reported to have little knowledge of organizations to prevent or treat HIV/AIDS;58% had never taken an HIV test prior to survey administration. Conclusions: Crack users in San Salvador are at high risk for HIV acquisition. HIV prevention interventions are urgently needed, especially interventions increasing access to HIV testing and prevention.
