AFLP Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship of Salvia spp. in Beijing

Twenty-third collections of Salvia spp.in Beijing were analyzed phylogenetically by AFLP technique.6 primer pairs with good repetition and highly polymorphic bands from 21 pairs were selected to amplify the genomic DNA.All of 367 AFLP bands were obtained,in which 359(97.82%)were polymorphic markers.At a genetic distance of 0.32,the collections could be clustered into 7 species i.e.S.splendens,S.farinacea,S.coccinea,S.plebeia,S.miltiorrhiza,S.umbratica and S.officinalis.The respective genetic relationship be...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nine Major Constituents in Roots of Salvia

A method of gradient-elution HPLC with UV detection was developed for theanalysis of nine major constituents of Salvia species, a commonly used TCM herb, namely danshensu,protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, salviano-lic acid B, methyltanshinone, dihydrotanshinone,cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠand tanshinoneⅡ_A. In the present study, a Shimadzu CLC-ODS column(150 mm x 6 mm, 5 μm) was utilized and 0.5% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) were used forgradient elution at a total flow rate of 0.8 mL· min^(-1). All calibration curves showed goodlinear regression ( r > 0.999) within test ranges. Extraction was conducted by refluxing methanol(10 mL) with dried herb (0.5 g) for 1.0 h.The assay was simple, convenient and reproducible. Theproposed method was successfully applied to the determination of nine major constituents in thirteenSalvia. species and the results showed that the contents of Salvia components vary in differentspecies and origin. Tanshinone was hardly detected in S. yunnanensis and S. prionitis, thereforethey are not suitable for clinical use as Danshen.

三种类型油菜(Brassica spp.)和野芥菜(B.juncea var.gracilis Tsen et Lee)杂交亲和性及F_1的适合度——潜在基因转移的研究

通过人工去雄授粉 ,采用荧光显微镜观察了 3种类型栽培油菜花粉在两地采集的野芥菜柱头上的萌发生长情况 ,结合杂交后的结实率 ,探讨了 3种类型油菜和野芥菜杂交的亲和性 .结果表明 ,甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜与野芥菜的亲和性都非常高 ,亲和性指数达 10 .0以上 ,而白菜型油菜和野芥菜的亲和性较低 ,亲和指数小于 0 .2 .子一代的适合度研究结果表明 ,芥菜型油菜向野芥菜杂交一代的适合度没有降低 ,而甘蓝型及白菜型和野芥菜杂交一代的适合度明显下降 ,表现在花粉活力降低 ,结实率极低 .上述结果表明 ,白菜型油菜和野芥菜的基因转移可能性最小 ,甘蓝型居中 ,而芥菜型极易向野芥菜发生基因转移 .表 4参

与辣椒抗TMV L^(3)基因连锁的分子标记的筛选及种质资源抗TMV鉴定

以含抗辣椒TMV的L^(3)基因的材料L15为基础,利用与L^(3)基因连锁的3个分子标记189D23MF、PMFR11和PMFR21对种质资源进行鉴定.对L15、3份感病材料H8/H9/H11×L15 F_(1)、46份辣椒种质资源进行室内人工TMV接种并对其进行表型抗性鉴定和RT-PCR检测.对筛选出的标记在F_(1)及BC_(1)P_(1)群体中进行验证.结果表明:分子标记189D23MF在L15和12份辣椒种质上均未扩增出条带;SCAR标记PMFR11在L15和46份辣椒种质上呈现共显性分离,SCAR标记PMFR21为显性标记.通过室内人工接种鉴定方式,2份材料L15、H11×L15表现为高抗.H9×L15表现为抗,H8×L15及5份材料A1、A35、A39、A55、L16表现为中抗,11份材料表现为感病,30份材料表现为高感.在F1及BC1P1群体中PCR扩增结果表明SCAR标记PMFR21可用于辣椒抗TMV分子标记辅助选择.

Introduction and Cultivation of Salvia hispanica L.(Chia)and Its Value of Health Care

Botanical traits, genetic resources and cultivation of Salvia hispanica L. were reviewed in the article, which introduced the reasons why S. hispanica had late blooming period and low yield during the planting process in China, and envis- aged how to solve the late blooming period and low yield appeared during the planting process. Emphasis was laid on the introduction of the research progress of efficacy constituents and health care value of Chia seeds with the aim to take full advantage of S. hispanica.

In vitro effects of Salvia officinalis L.essential oil on Candida albicans

Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.

Identification of Organic Substances Associated with Tissue Senescence in Upland Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.) Based on GC-MS Analysis

Premature senescence in crop production,especially occurred at the late growth stage,generally results in a reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is beneficial for yield and quality to properly delay senescence of plant tissues during the late developmental stage.In this study,it was observed that the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were gradually decreased along leaf growth progression,and the rates of reduction were promoted by drought.Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis,total eight,five,seven,and five kinds of organic compounds that putatively associated with the tissue senescent progression were identified in leaves,fruit branches,petals,and sepals,respectively.It was found that the identified organic compound,such as a-pinene,b-pinene,and pentadecane were present in different tissues.Among the total ten organic substances identified to be related with the leaf senescence,half were specifically detected in the drought treatment.These results suggest some biochemical pathways associated with the leaf senescence are distinctly regulated by drought.The identified organic compounds in the tested tissues showed three types on the performance pattern based on the contents along with the senescent progression,including gradually increasing,decreasing,and a curve with one single peak.Thus,during the senescence process in tissues,a subset of metabolic substances occur modifications on the quantities,reflecting a complicate biochemical reactions are initiated via the senescence signals.Further analysis of the important organic substances will be helpful for elucidation of the tissue senescence mechanism at the biochemical level and provide a new insight of the senescence signaling transductions in cotton.

Characterization and Bioaccessibility of Minerals in Seeds of Salvia hispanica L.

Salvia hispanica L. is a herbacia plant that originates from Mexico and Guatemala, and it is currently known by the popular name of chia. Currently, chia seeds have been considered to be of great importance for human health and nutrition because they have a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They contain the largest known percentage of fatty α-linolenic acid (ALA) in plants—approximately 68%. Furthermore, they are an excellent source of protein, dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamin B and phenolic compounds that have antioxidant properties. However, despite the high nutritional value present in the food and the possible health benefits of its nutrients, there is a need to evaluate the bioaccessibility of its micronutrients to measure their effectiveness. Thus, we evaluated the chemical composition of chia seeds from different producers, their lipid profiles and the bioaccessibility of some of their minerals.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of <i>Salvia officinalis</i>L. Hydroalcoholic Extract in Male Rats

The antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and also its hepatoprotective effects in male rats were evaluated. Salvia officinalis L. extract was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase and alkaline phosphates in rats coadministered with both isoniazid (INH) 50 mg/kg and Salvia officinalis L. extract at 250 mg/kg showed significant reduction when compared to INH group, but administration of Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg alone and with INH has alleviated gamma-glutamyl transferase comparing to INH receiving rats. After treatment of rats with INH 50mg/kg, severe tissue necrosis, and inflammation of central vein in liver and lymphocyte proliferation were observed;in the experimental group receiving Salvia officinalis L. extract (250 mg/kg) mild dilution in central vein and sinusoids in liver were seen. In rats coadministered with Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg and INH low sinusoids dilution was indicated. It seems that Salvia officinalis L. extract exhibited anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects.

Physical, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Properties of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds Grown in Kenya

In the recent past, there has been an increased uptake of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) by consumers resulting in the increased adoption of chia farming, particularly in Kenya whereby most farmers are practising subsistence farming and a few farming it commercially. The widespread farming of chia seeds in Kenya translates to increased uptake at household level while offering a niche for industrial processing of chia seeds necessitating the need for studies on physical, total phenolic and flavonoid properties of chia seeds grown in Kenya. The physical, total phenolic and flavonoid properties of chia seeds from two chia planning seasons April to August 2019 and September to December 2019 were evaluated. The physical attributes (length, width and thickness) were determined using a digital vernier calliper while proximate components were determined using AOAC standard methods. The Quencher procedure was used to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Chia seeds revealed a length of 1.82 to 2.32 (mm), a width of 1.15 to 1.31 (mm) and a thickness of 0.77 to 0.88 (mm). The percentage moisture content of chia seeds was 7.23 to 10.67, percentage of crude fat was 31.48 to 42.45, percentage of crude ash was 3.63 to 6.82, and percentage of crude fibre was 30.95 to 38.65 and percentage of crude protein was17.82 to 28.97. The total phenolic content observed for chia seeds was 0.73 to 0.87 mg GAE g-1 while total flavonoid content was 0.39 to 0.57 mg GAE g-1. The proximate components of chia seeds varied significantly (p < 0.05) based on the chia planting season while the physical properties, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents did not vary significantly.

Analysis of Genotoxicity Induced by Food Dyes in Root Meristem of Salvia hispanica L.

Food dyes are chemicals either natural or synthetic that were used by humans to give attractive colors to numerous food products. Colorful food products may cause several health-related issues to us because they may be prepared through synthetic food dyes. The color which is intended to attract people to eat is given to them by the use of some artificial food dyes such as Erythrosine, Allura red, Indigostine, Tartrazine, Sunset yellow, etc. These artificial food dyes are synthetic chemicals that can cause numerous health-related problems if they were taken in by individuals more than the limited amount. Artificial food dyes are becoming very common in use in different ways to provide an attractive and soothing color to food products such as sweets, drinks, candies, etc. The food products we consume with very good and attractive colors are not as good for our health as they appear. Here in this study, we are observing the cytological effect of two different synthetic food dyes (Brilliant blue and Sunset yellow) in the root meristem of Salvia hispanica L. (Chia plant) which is a major source of α-linolenic acid, mainly omega 3 fatty acids and dietary fibers found in the seed. For this purpose, germinated seeds of Chia are in the germinator. After the emergence of the young roots, we have given the treatment of the respective dyes of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2% respectively with a control set. After treatment, the roots were fixed in Carnoy’s fixative and preserved in alcohol for further analysis. When the slides of the treated roots were prepared and analyzed we observed that numerous cytological abnormalities such as (stickiness, fragmentation, bridge, laggards, disorientation, etc.) were there in the root cells and the level of abnormalities are increasing with increasing treatment period due to the exposure of them to respective dyes. These results are enough to conclude that the consumption of these dyes is harmful to the health of humans.

Molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Carthamus tinctorius L. in the treatment of myocardial ischemia based on network pharmacology: a comparative study

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the similarities and differences of anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism between Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM)and Carthamus tinctorius L.(CT)were studied.Firstly,based on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP),the related compounds of SM and CT were obtained,and the potential targets of these compounds were collected by the target fishing method.Genecards database was used to obtain targets related to myocardial ischemia.The cross targets of CT,SM,and myocardial ischemia were then selected,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed based on the STRING database.The cross targets were imported into the Metascape database for Gene Oncology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Cytoscape software was used to build the topological network diagram of the drug-compound-target path.Finally,the binding ability of the active ingredient and the key target was verified by molecular docking.65 active ingredients and 38 potential targets were screened from SM,and 22 active ingredients and 58 potential targets were excavated from CT.Important targets common to SM and CT were TNF,IL6,VEGFA,AKT1,etc.The common enrichment pathways involved are fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,IL-17 signaling pathway,pathways in cancer,and toxoplasmosis.The findings suggested that the two traditional Chinese medicines exerted the effect of myocardial ischemia through the characteristics of multiple targets,multiple pathways,and multiple compounds.

Evaluation of seed quality and oil parameters in native Iranian almond(Prunus L.spp.) species

We assessed chemical composition and variation in oil content and seed weight of 40 wild-growing almonds（Prunus L. spp.） accessions collected from different parts of Iran. There were significant differences in kernel weight and oil parameters. Accessions ranged from0.20 to 1.5 g in kernel weight, 0.2–3.0 mm in shell thickness, and 16–55 % in oil content. The predominant vegetable oil components of kernels were 4.6–9.5 % palmitic acid, 0.4–0.8 % palmitoleic acid, 1.0–3.4 % stearic acid,48.8–88.4 % oleic acid and 11.3–33.2 % linoleic acid.Linolenic acid was detected in 15 accessions. High heritability was recorded for all studied traits and was maximum for shell thickness（98.5 %） and minimum for oil content（97.1 %）. Maximum and minimum ‘Euclidean＇pair wise dissimilarities were 17.9 and 0.5, respectively.All 40 accessions were grouped into two major clusters.

Assessing the Pathogenic Ability of Six Species of Fusarium Genus on Onion Variety in Burkina Faso

Prema 178 onion variety is widely used in production in Burkina Faso. It is greatly appreciated but susceptible to basal rot. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic ability of six strains of Fusarium genus identified in Burkina Faso on onion. Seeds, seedlings and bulbs were used for the test. A conidial suspension of each strain was made in tubes and adjusted to 1 × 106 conidia/ml with distilled water for the different tests. Germination test in the laboratory and greenhouse showed that all treatments with the strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. solani, F. falciforme, F. acutatum, F. proliferatum and F. sp. induced failure to emerge and showed a significant difference with the control. The different strains also induced stunting rates of coleoptile growth. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. acutatum, F. proliferatum, F. falciforme and F. solani were very aggressive, as they recorded above 50% damping-off rates. The test on the bulbs revealed that the strains were classified into two groups. The first consists of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. solani, F. falciforme, F. acutatum, which caused rots with respective lengths from 2.06;1.48;1.84;1.46 and 2.12 cm, thus very aggressive according to Ghanbarzadeh scale. The second is formed by F. proliferatum which recorded 0.90 cm of rot length, thus moderately aggressive. It would be appropriate to suggest a sustainable management method for these pathogens in order to improve the yield of onion production.

水稻第2染色体上细菌性条斑病抗性QTL的检测

用中抗和高抗细菌性条斑病(简称细条病)的两个籼稻品种明恢86和佳辐占为亲本构建了F2群体,应用SSR标记在水稻第2染色体的RM279～RM154之间检测到1个与水稻细条病抗性有关的QTL,其可解释遗传表型变异的13.7%,其加性效应为0.9576,来自抗病亲本佳辐占。

注射用丹红(粉针)-中间体-药材HPLC指纹图谱相关性研究

探讨中药指纹图谱相关性研究方法,运用Agilent 1100 DAD-HPLC高效液相色谱仪,采用色谱条件:大连依利特SinoChrom ODS-BP(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%磷酸水梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长280 nm,进样量20μL。建立了的相同条件下丹红注射剂、中间体和药材的HPLC指纹图谱。所建立的指纹图谱个峰分离度较好,指纹信息完整,符合指纹图谱技术规范。进一步利用相似度分析软件进行了指纹图谱相关性分析,揭示了丹红注射剂与中间体和药材具有较好的相关性。共有峰的相对保留时间及相对峰面积参数,可作为中药注射剂质量控制的重要依据。

寄主植物丹参对檀香幼苗生长的影响

目的:研究丹参作为寄主植物对檀香幼苗生长的影响。方法:设置檀香空白对照组(TXCK)、檀香+假蒿寄生组(TXJH)、檀香+丹参寄生组(TXDS)3个不同处理组,测定檀香幼苗的生物量、叶绿素含量、生化组分和土壤营养成分等指标。结果:TXDS组的株高、根长、吸器直径均显著高于TXJH组(P<0.05),是TXJH组的1.32~1.82倍。TXDS组的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均显著高于TXJH组(P<0.05),为TXJH组的1.41~1.49倍。TXDS组地上部分SOD和可溶性糖含量最高,但与TXJH组无显著差异;TXDS组地下部分SOD、可溶性糖含量显著高于TXCK、TXJH组(P<0.05);TXCK组地下部分蛋白含量显著高于TXDS组(P<0.05)。TXCK组全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于TXDS组(P<0.05),是TXDS组的1.44~1.73倍,但与TXJH组无显著差异,TXCK组全钾含量为1.94%,显著高于TXJH组(P<0.05),是TXJH组的1.60倍,但与TXDS组无显著差异。结论:寄主植物丹参能更好地促进檀香的生长,提高其光合作用,增加营养物质含量,促进对土壤营养成分的吸收,是檀香幼苗期的优良寄主植物,为栽培檀香寄主植物的选择提供了参考。

基于转录组学测序探讨西洋参、丹参配伍对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌缺血的影响

目的:运用转录组学测序探讨西洋参、丹参治疗心肌梗死后心肌缺血的作用靶点。方法:通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支构建心肌梗死大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组(MOD组,等量蒸馏水)、西洋参+丹参低剂量组[XD-L组,西洋参1.5 g/(kg·d)+丹参4.5 g/(kg·d)]、西洋参+丹参高剂量组[XD-H组,西洋参3 g/(kg·d)+丹参9 g/(kg·d)]、ACEI组[培哚普利0.84 mg/(kg·d)];并以假手术大鼠作为对照组(CON组,等量蒸馏水),每组6只,连续灌胃4周。采用超声心动图测定大鼠心功能;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠心肌组织病理改变。采用转录组学测序筛选西洋参、丹参治疗心肌梗死后缺血区的差异表达基因(DEGs),并对DEGs进行基因本体(GO)、京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。结果:西洋参、丹参可改善心肌梗死后大鼠心功能,减轻心肌组织病理损伤。转录组学测序结果表明,与CON组比较,MOD组大鼠12个基因上调,13个基因下调。西洋参、丹参回调了MOD组的6个基因。DEGs主要富集在三羧酸(TCA)循环、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)等信号通路;与免疫炎症反应、细胞凋亡、血管新生等有关。结论:西洋参、丹参可能通过上调Wnt4表达,抑制细胞凋亡和炎症反应,从而改善心肌梗死后大鼠心功能。

沙棘(Hippophae spp.)开花座果期体内四种生化指标的研究

测试分析了 6种沙棘开花、座果期体内过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、过氧化物酶 (POD)活性和游离氨基酸、抗坏血酸的含量 ,进而选出较优良的品种为向阳、优胜和浑金 ,而齐棘、楚伊和阿亚干卡较差。游离氨基酸、抗坏血酸在沙棘果中含量高于沙棘花 ;过氧化物酶活性沙棘果强于花 ;

丹参在常氧、急性低氧及氧反常等条件下对心室肌细胞L-Ca电流的影响

目的用不同浓度的丹参NaCl溶液作用于常氧、低氧、及氧反常的豚鼠心室肌细胞上,观察L-Ca通道电流的相对变化,以期解释丹参减轻及阻止细胞内钙超载的机理。方法使用全细胞膜片钳技术研究心室肌细胞L-Ca通道电流的变化。结果无论是常氧、缺氧和缺氧后复氧状态下,浓度为32、320、3200mg/L的丹参制剂都能有效降低L-Ca通道电流幅值并呈浓度依赖性。此外,低浓度32mg/L的丹参液对缺氧和氧反常细胞的作用更大于常氧细胞。结论丹参溶液能有效降低低氧和氧反常造成的异常增大的L-Ca电流幅值,阻止钙超载发生。