Study on Tanshinone Extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Dregs

[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on neuronal regeneration following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

BACKGROUND： Subsequent to cerebral ischemic injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated, but ischemia-induced neuronal loss is not compensated by ischemic injury-induced neural regeneration. Salvia （S.） miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba （Baihua Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine） could enhance learning and memory functions, as well as promote neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on recovery from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the influence on neuronal regeneration and differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiments were performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Neurobiology Laboratory of Taishan Medical College in September of 2006. MATERIALS： S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba was provided by Taishan Medical College Botanic Garden, Taian, China; dl-3n-butylphthalide （NBP） soft capsule was purchased from NBP Pharmaceutical, Shijiazhuang, China; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody, rabbit anti-NF200 antibody, and bromodeoxyuridine were purchased from Sigma, Louis, MO, USA; Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI apoptosis kit was purchased from Nanjing Comissariado Biological Technology Development, Nanjing, China. METHODS： Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, model （cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, without administration）, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, and NBP groups. Following establishment of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba or NBP （1 mL/100 g） was respectively perfused at 30 minutes following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Alterations in cerebral blood flow before and after ischemia/reperfusion, NF200- and bromodeoxyuridine-double positive cells in striatum of affected tissues, as well as neuronal apoptosis rate at days 5 and 7 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS： Subsequent to cerebral ischemia reperfusion, cerebral blood flow was reduced. Following treatment with S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, cerebral blood flow significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. NBP treatment was inferior to S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba with regard to stabilization of cerebral blood flow （P 〈 0.05）. S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased the number of newly formed neurons in rats following cerebral ischemia （P 〈 0.05） and significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis （P 〈 0.05）, with no significant difference compared with NBP treatment （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neuronal regeneration in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impairment.

Visualizing the spatial distribution and alteration of metabolites in continuously cropped Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge using MALDI-MSI

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed.Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants,resulting in poor growth and low yield.In this study,we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDIMSI).Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones,salvianolic acids,polyamines,phenolic acids,amino acids,and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared.The expressions of dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅱ A,dehydromiltirone,miltirone,dehydrotanshinone ⅡA,spermine,salvianolic acid B/E,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots.There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots.Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem,phloem,and cambium of continuously cropped SMB.The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.

Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and the Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive pla- cebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg·d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-α expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circum- ferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-α expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-α may be involved in the reversal mecha- nism of LVH by SMB.

Molecular Identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Its Adulterants Based on ITS2 Sequences

[ Objectives] The study was conducted to investigate the molecular identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants by DNA barcoding andspecific primer PCR. [ Methods] With ITS2 sequenceas DNA barcode, the materials were amplified by PCR and sequenced, and the NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed. The secondary structure of ITS2 was predicted by database and its website established by Koetschan et al. , and the self-designed primers were used to carry out specific primer PCR identification. [Results] ITS2 sequence length was around 470 bp. The results of cluster analysis showed that S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants were clustered on different branches and showed monophyly. The comparison of secondary structure showed that S. miltiorrhiza Bge. had little differences from S. przewalskii, while there were significant differences from A. lappa in the number, size and location of stem-loop and the rotation angle of the spiral arm from the central ring. The specific primers could distinguish the S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its counterfeits by PCR technique. [Conclusions] DNA barcoding and specific primer PCR are effective in distinguishing S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants, and it has an important application foreground in the identification of Chinese herbal medicines.

EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE （SMB） ON LIPID PEROXIDATION OF CULTURED HUMAN FATAL HEPATOCYTES

The role of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (SMB) In protection of lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 was studied in primary cultured human fetal hepatocytes. The results showed that SMB had significant effect inhibiting lipid peroxidation of the hepatocytes when exposed to CCl4 as compared with the non-protective co4trol. SMB could decrease the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of ALT, and increase the synthesis of albumin (ALB) and the activity of Se-dependent glutothione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px). These results suggest that the suppression of lipid peroxidation may be largely due to the increased activity of Se-GSH-Px.

Effects of salvia miltiorrhiza bge on myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive rats

Objective: To study the effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on myocardial fibrosis in hypertension in rats. Methods: Normal Wistar kyoto rats served as negative control (group A) . The rats with hypertension were divided into 2 groups: the hypertension group (group B) which served as the positive control and the SMB-treated hypertension group (group C). The effects of SMB on the systolic pressure, the myocardial content of aldosterone (ALD) and nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the myocardium were detected. Results: The systolic pressure of the rats of group C showed no marked change after the administration of SMB and showed no difference from that of the rats of group B. The content of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the left ventricle, the collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ ratio and the content-of ALD were lower in group C than in group B and higher in group C than in group A. The content of NO and the activity of SOD in the myocardium were higher in group C than in group B and lower in group C than in group A. Conclusion: It was concluded that SMB was able to prevent or reverse the progress of myocardial fibrosis resulting from hypertension. The mechanism of this effect of SMB might be due to the fact that SMB can decrease the collagen synthesis and ALD content and increase collagen decomposition, NO content and SOD activity in the myocardium.

EFFECTS OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE(SMB)ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND PLASMA MEMBRANE FLUIDITY OF CULTURED HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES INJURED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

In order to investigate the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza hunge(SMB)on the plasma membrane fluidity and the relationship between the lipid peroxidation and the Plasma membrane fluidityin cultured human fetdal hepatocytes,the plasma membrane fluidity,using 1,6-dipheny-1,3,5-hexatriene(DPH)as a fluorescence probe, malondialdehyde(MDA)production as well as alanine aminotransferase(ALT)release of human fetal hepatocytes cultured in Presence of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)or SMB puls CCl4 were estimated. In the cultured hepatocytes injured by CCl4,significant increments of the MDA production and the ALT release,and significant decrease in the plasma membrane fluidity were observed.when the culture medium was supplied with SMB prior to the additionof CCl4,the CCl4 induced increments in MDA production and ALT release was suppressed signifi cantly and a concomitant raise of plasma membrane fluidity towards normal occurred.The resultssuggested that SMB could suppress the lipid peroxidation in bepatocytes,thereby normal membranefluidity might be retained.

Protective effect and possible mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

Objective:To explore the protective effect and potential mechanisms of danshen root(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,S.miltiorrhiza) and its extracts for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods:Preclinical studies of S.miltiorrhiza and its extracts on DN were systematically searched in nine databases.The primary outcomes were blood glucose,kidney function,proteinuria,and renal histopathology.The secondary outcomes included the related mechanisms.The methodological quality of animal studies was assessed based on the risk of bias tool of the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation(SYRCLE) for animal studies.Meta-analysis was performed using R software(version 4.1.2).Results:Twenty-nine animal experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this study.Compared to the control group,S.miltiorrhiza reduced the serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,24-h urine protein,24-h urine albumin,blood glucose,and kidney index(kidney weight/body weight),and alleviated renal pathological damage.In terms of the mechanism of action,compared to the control group,S.miltiorrhiza reduced the levels of transforming growth factor β1,collagen Ⅳ,malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin-6,and monocyte/macrophage(ED-1),and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,nuclear factor E2-related factor 2,and heme oxygenase-1.Conclusion:The existing evidence shows that S.miltiorrhiza has beneficial effects on the animal model of DN,and its mechanism is mainly related to improving kidney fibrosis,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response.

Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis by Regulating Th17 Cell Differentiation: An Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Validation

Objective: To identify the core targets of Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,(Dahuang-Danshen, DH-DS) and the mechanism underlying its therapeutic efficacy in acute pancreatitis(AP)using a network pharmacology approach and validate the findings in animal experiments. Methods: Network pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DH-DS in AP. The reliability of the results was verified by molecular docking simulation and molecular dynamics simulation.Finally, the results of network pharmacology enrichment analysis were verified by immunohistochemistry,Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Results: Sixty-seven common targets of DH-DS in AP were identified and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), Janus kinase 2(JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), protein c-Fos(FOS) were identified as core targets in the protein interaction(PPI) network analysis. Gene ontology analysis showed that cellular response to organic substance was the main functions of DH-DS in AP, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the main pathway included Th17 cell differentiation. Molecular docking simulation confirmed that DH-DS binds with strong affinity to MAPK3, STAT3 and FOS. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that FOS-isotanshinone Ⅱ and STAT3-dan-shexinkum d had good binding capacity. Animal experiments indicated that compared with the AP model group, DH-DS treatment effectively alleviated AP by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and blocking the activation of Th17 cell differentiation(P<0.01). Conclusion: DH-DS could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and protect pancreatic tissues,which would be functioned by regulating Th17 cell differentiation-related m RNA and protein expressions.

PRIMARY STUDY ON MECHANISM OF COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION IN CULTURED HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES PRETREATED BY SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE

Objective The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (SMB) on collagen synthesis in the human fetal hepatocytes culture were studied. Methods The collagen synthesis of hepatocytes were stimulated by the addition of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) to the culture medium, the concentration of type procollagen (PC) in the culture medium and the hydroxyproline (Hyp) in hepatocytes were determined, as well as the activity of se dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se GSH Px) and the concentration of malondiadehyde (MDA) in the culture medium. Results A significant decrease in PC, Hyp and MDA production, and the significant increase in Se GSH Px activity were observed in the cultures pretreated with 1 g L -1 SMB for 4 hours compared with the untreated cultures. Analysis of the Se GSH Px/MDA ratio in SMB pretreated group showed more marked increase compared to that of the untreated group ( P <0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the ratio of Se GSH Px/MDA and the concentration of PC in SMB pretreated group ( r=-0.9017, P <0.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that SMB may suppress the collagen synthesis of cultured human fetal hepatocytes stimulated by CCl 4 , and its mechanism may be related to the increase in Se GSH Px/MDA ratio and the enhancement of hepatocytes antioxidation capability.

Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene (SmTAT) Revealed Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Cultivated Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) Populations

Chinese traditional medicine Danshen is the radix of the perennial herbs of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is traditionally and extensively applied clinically to treat cardiovascular disorders. In this research, the genomic genes for tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) of 38 cultivated populations of Danshen in China were cloned and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to reveal its genetic diversity and phylogeny. The full-length SmTAT was 2296 - 2444 bp including 6 exons (encoding 411 amino acids) and 5 introns. Overall, the SmTAT genes in cultivated Danshen populations are highly conserved with a relative low level of genetic diversity. The spliced exons (1236 bp) had 23 SNP variations with a rate of 1.86%, of which 22 occurred in the white flower S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba population (W-SCHY-W-1) and led to 5 amino acid variations. The entire 290 SNP variations with a rate of 24% in the 5 introns occurred exclusively in W-SCHY-W-1. Phylogenetic trees based on the full-length, combined introns, the spliced exons, and the deduced amino acid sequences of SmTAT all showed a two-clade basic structure with W-SCHY-W-1 uniquely standing alone. The SmTAT gene of the white flower population (W-SCHY-W-1) is unique and especially rich in variations. The first time clarified genomic SmTAT gene structure and genetic diversity in cultivated Danshen populations laid an excellent foundation for further studies on the biosynthesis of bioactives and the molecular breeding of Danshen as well as in plant tyrosine metabolism.

不同垄作方式和种植密度对丹参产量与主要成分含量的影响

为探究不同栽培方式和生长时期对丹参根与地上部产量和主要活性成分含量的影响,本研究以紫花丹参为试验材料,采用小垄单行[三种密度:H1(8万株·hm^(-2))、H2(10万株·hm^(-2))、H3(13.3万株·hm^(-2))]与大垄双行[三种密度:H4(8万株·hm^(-2))、H5(10万株·hm^(-2))、H6(13.3万株·hm^(-2))]两种垄作方式,动态取样,测定并分析不同垄作方式、种植密度和生长时期的单株重、产量、主要活性成分含量及积累规律。结果表明,大垄双行丹参单株干重、产量、根的主要活性成分含量平均值均高于小垄单行。根的单株干重和产量的最佳处理分别为H5(48.09 g)、H4(5986.69 kg·hm^(-2)),均在11月19日最高;地上部单株干重和产量的最佳处理均为H4(50.34 g、6712.75 kg·hm^(-2)),均在10月14日最高。根中主要活性成分总含量(总丹参酮+总黄酮+总酚酸)在两种垄作方式下均呈“升-降-升”的变化趋势,最佳处理为H4(295.4 mg·g^(-1)),在9月7日最高;叶、茎中(总黄酮+总酚酸)总含量的最佳处理分别为H4(238.42 mg·g^(-1))、H6(122.43 mg·g^(-1)),均在10月14日最高;丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮和丹酚酸B四种活性成分总含量的最佳处理为H6(63.23 mg·g^(-1))。综上,大垄双行栽培方式优于小垄单行。本研究结果为丹参的合理种植及根与地上部综合开发利用提供了理论依据。

丹参酚酸类化合物的合成生物学研究进展

丹参酚酸类化合物是丹参发挥保护心血管系统、抗肿瘤与抗纤维化等多种药理作用的一类关键物质基础。以合成丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸等丹参酚酸类化合物为目标的微生物细胞工厂的构建,可以实现丹参酚酸类化合物异源高效合成,缓解临床对丹参药材的用药压力。本文就丹参酚酸类化合物的合成生物学、生物合成关键催化酶及其代谢调控等研究现状进行了归纳分析,以期为丹参酚酸类化合物的高效合成与资源应用提供科学依据。

基于网络药理学探讨丹参-葛根药对治疗心肌纤维化的作用机制

目的采用网络药理学探讨丹参-葛根药对治疗心肌纤维化的活性成分及作用机制。方法从中药系统药理学分析平台获取丹参-葛根药对活性成分和作用靶点,通过GeneCards数据库获取心肌纤维化的相关靶点,使用Venny 2.1软件获取两者共同靶点;运用STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建共同靶点的蛋白-蛋白互作(PPI)网络并进行拓扑学分析;采用ClusterProfiler R功能包对共同靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能和KEGG通路富集分析;最后使用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建“活性成分-靶点-通路”网络并分析。结果筛选得到丹参-葛根药对候选活性成分30个,活性成分和心肌纤维化共同靶点41个。共同靶点PPI网络的平均点度值为19.7,平均介数为19.1,度值和介数均超过平均值的靶点共有14个。KEGG显著富集到73条通路,其中与心肌纤维化相关的通路有6条。“活性成分-靶点-通路”网络显示,丹参中的木犀草素、丹参酮IIA和葛根中的葛根素、β-谷甾醇等活性成分通过共同调控脂质与动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE、血流剪切力与动脉粥样硬化、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介数-17(IL-17)等信号通路起到抗心肌纤维化的功效。结论揭示了丹参-葛根药对多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗心肌纤维化的作用特点,为进一步研究丹参-葛根药对治疗心肌纤维化的作用机制提供理论依据和新的思路。

丹参-三七药对治疗冠心病的药效和机制研究进展

近些年来,丹参和三七在临床上常被用来治疗冠心病如心肌缺血、动脉粥样硬化,以及与冠心病等危的糖尿病和高血压等。因此,丹参-三七药对及其组分配伍治疗冠心病的潜在机制受到广泛关注。大量文献表明丹参-三七及其组分配伍在治疗冠心病中具有调节脂质代谢和能量代谢、抗炎、抗血小板聚集、改善内皮细胞功能作用。总结了丹参-三七药对及其组分配伍在治疗冠心病中的药效和机制,以期为其后续研究提供更全面的理论依据。

以丹参茎叶总酚酸为底物的丹酚酸A化学转化研究及其抗氧化活性

目的:优选丹参茎叶总酚酸为底物转化丹酚酸A的工艺参数,并进一步评价其转化前后的抗氧化活性。方法:以丹酚酸A转化率为指标,考察不同酸、pH值、反应时间、反应温度、底物浓度(以丹酚酸B计)等因素对转化率的影响,结合正交试验结果,优选丹参茎叶酚酸部位化学转化工艺,对转化前后总酚酸的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果:优选的转化工艺为:盐酸调节pH值为3,底物浓度(以丹酚酸B计)15 mg/mL,反应温度135℃,反应时间2 h,转化率可达89%,转化后其化学构成发生改变,丹酚酸A、丹参素、原儿茶醛含量显著提高。丹参茎叶总酚酸转化后对DPPH·和ABTS自由基的IC_(50)值分别为(3.00±0.16)mg/mL、(16.88±0.32)mg/mL,FRAP法为(1.15±0.03)mmol FeSO_(4),较转化前表现出更优的抗氧化能力。结论:采用化学转化方法可有效实现丹参茎叶总酚酸高效转化为高附加值的丹酚酸A,提升其资源利用价值。

不同施硒量接种AM真菌对丹参幼苗期生理指标的影响

为分析不同施硒量条件下接种AM真菌菌种对丹参幼苗期生理指标的影响,本文使用盆栽法种植单身作物,并将施硒量(Na_(2)SeO_(3))设定为四个浓度水平,将试验植物分为接种组和对照组。结果发现,接种AM真菌的组别的丹参幼苗的生理质量要显著优于未接种组别并促进其对硒元素的吸收。当硒浓度水平为20µg·mL^(-1)和40µg·mL^(-1)时,其生长指标和生理指标表现优异。同一浓度水平下,接种AM真菌丹参幼苗组别绿素含量和蛋白质含量呈现显著优势,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均保持在较低水平,表明接种AM真菌能提升植物的抗逆性。同时还发现,接种AM真菌对丹参幼苗的可溶性糖水平不具备直接影响。

剪花序对丹参生物量分配、花器官生长和药材品质的影响

以一年生丹参为试材,采用对盛花期丹参进行1/3花序长度剪花(CI1/3)、1/2花序长度剪花(CI1/2)和完整花序长度剪花(CITotal)处理,以未剪花序正常生长植株为对照,研究了不同处理对丹参植株生物量的变化、物质分配格局规律及花序生长状况的影响,以期为生产上合理采用疏花措施提供参考依据。结果表明:1/3花序长度剪花处理(CI1/3)显著增加了丹参植株生物量,1/2花序长度剪花处理(CI1/2)和完整花序剪花处理植株生物量无显著变化,不同花序长度剪花处理对植株各器官生物量分配的影响主要表现在处理后28 d内,随着处理后时间的延长,CI1/3根系生物量的累积优势得到体现。剪花处理抑制了丹参花序生长,完整花序剪花处理在14 d后再生花序数持续增多,56 d后于CI1/2的花序数无明显差异。剪花序促进了丹参药材产量增加,对丹参酮类化合物、丹酚酸B含量无显著影响。综上,适度剪花处理可有效控制丹参植株花序再生,利于根系干物质积累,促进增产。

丹参资源的遗传多样性及其保护利用

丹参是我国重要的中草药之一,作为治疗心、脑血管病常用的重要原料,市场需求量在不断增加。为了进一步推动丹参生产标准化、规范化种植,为丹参的保护和开发利用提供参考。通过查阅相关文献,对丹参的分布、丹参的有效成分及功效、丹参的性状鉴定及遗传多样性、丹参的种质改良及创新等方面进行了综述,并在此基础上对丹参种质资源保护和标准化种植技术等方面进行了展望。