Study on Tanshinone Extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Dregs

[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on neuronal regeneration following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

BACKGROUND： Subsequent to cerebral ischemic injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated, but ischemia-induced neuronal loss is not compensated by ischemic injury-induced neural regeneration. Salvia （S.） miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba （Baihua Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine） could enhance learning and memory functions, as well as promote neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on recovery from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the influence on neuronal regeneration and differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiments were performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Neurobiology Laboratory of Taishan Medical College in September of 2006. MATERIALS： S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba was provided by Taishan Medical College Botanic Garden, Taian, China; dl-3n-butylphthalide （NBP） soft capsule was purchased from NBP Pharmaceutical, Shijiazhuang, China; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody, rabbit anti-NF200 antibody, and bromodeoxyuridine were purchased from Sigma, Louis, MO, USA; Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI apoptosis kit was purchased from Nanjing Comissariado Biological Technology Development, Nanjing, China. METHODS： Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, model （cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, without administration）, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, and NBP groups. Following establishment of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba or NBP （1 mL/100 g） was respectively perfused at 30 minutes following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Alterations in cerebral blood flow before and after ischemia/reperfusion, NF200- and bromodeoxyuridine-double positive cells in striatum of affected tissues, as well as neuronal apoptosis rate at days 5 and 7 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS： Subsequent to cerebral ischemia reperfusion, cerebral blood flow was reduced. Following treatment with S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, cerebral blood flow significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. NBP treatment was inferior to S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba with regard to stabilization of cerebral blood flow （P 〈 0.05）. S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased the number of newly formed neurons in rats following cerebral ischemia （P 〈 0.05） and significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis （P 〈 0.05）, with no significant difference compared with NBP treatment （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neuronal regeneration in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impairment.

Visualizing the spatial distribution and alteration of metabolites in continuously cropped Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge using MALDI-MSI

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed.Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants,resulting in poor growth and low yield.In this study,we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDIMSI).Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones,salvianolic acids,polyamines,phenolic acids,amino acids,and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared.The expressions of dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅱ A,dehydromiltirone,miltirone,dehydrotanshinone ⅡA,spermine,salvianolic acid B/E,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots.There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots.Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem,phloem,and cambium of continuously cropped SMB.The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.

Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and the Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive pla- cebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg·d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-α expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circum- ferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-α expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-α may be involved in the reversal mecha- nism of LVH by SMB.

Molecular Identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Its Adulterants Based on ITS2 Sequences

[ Objectives] The study was conducted to investigate the molecular identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants by DNA barcoding andspecific primer PCR. [ Methods] With ITS2 sequenceas DNA barcode, the materials were amplified by PCR and sequenced, and the NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed. The secondary structure of ITS2 was predicted by database and its website established by Koetschan et al. , and the self-designed primers were used to carry out specific primer PCR identification. [Results] ITS2 sequence length was around 470 bp. The results of cluster analysis showed that S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants were clustered on different branches and showed monophyly. The comparison of secondary structure showed that S. miltiorrhiza Bge. had little differences from S. przewalskii, while there were significant differences from A. lappa in the number, size and location of stem-loop and the rotation angle of the spiral arm from the central ring. The specific primers could distinguish the S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its counterfeits by PCR technique. [Conclusions] DNA barcoding and specific primer PCR are effective in distinguishing S. miltiorrhiza Bge. and its adulterants, and it has an important application foreground in the identification of Chinese herbal medicines.

Effects of salvia miltiorrhiza bge on myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive rats

Objective: To study the effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on myocardial fibrosis in hypertension in rats. Methods: Normal Wistar kyoto rats served as negative control (group A) . The rats with hypertension were divided into 2 groups: the hypertension group (group B) which served as the positive control and the SMB-treated hypertension group (group C). The effects of SMB on the systolic pressure, the myocardial content of aldosterone (ALD) and nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the myocardium were detected. Results: The systolic pressure of the rats of group C showed no marked change after the administration of SMB and showed no difference from that of the rats of group B. The content of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the left ventricle, the collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ ratio and the content-of ALD were lower in group C than in group B and higher in group C than in group A. The content of NO and the activity of SOD in the myocardium were higher in group C than in group B and lower in group C than in group A. Conclusion: It was concluded that SMB was able to prevent or reverse the progress of myocardial fibrosis resulting from hypertension. The mechanism of this effect of SMB might be due to the fact that SMB can decrease the collagen synthesis and ALD content and increase collagen decomposition, NO content and SOD activity in the myocardium.

Protective effect and possible mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

Objective:To explore the protective effect and potential mechanisms of danshen root(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,S.miltiorrhiza) and its extracts for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods:Preclinical studies of S.miltiorrhiza and its extracts on DN were systematically searched in nine databases.The primary outcomes were blood glucose,kidney function,proteinuria,and renal histopathology.The secondary outcomes included the related mechanisms.The methodological quality of animal studies was assessed based on the risk of bias tool of the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation(SYRCLE) for animal studies.Meta-analysis was performed using R software(version 4.1.2).Results:Twenty-nine animal experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this study.Compared to the control group,S.miltiorrhiza reduced the serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,24-h urine protein,24-h urine albumin,blood glucose,and kidney index(kidney weight/body weight),and alleviated renal pathological damage.In terms of the mechanism of action,compared to the control group,S.miltiorrhiza reduced the levels of transforming growth factor β1,collagen Ⅳ,malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin-6,and monocyte/macrophage(ED-1),and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,nuclear factor E2-related factor 2,and heme oxygenase-1.Conclusion:The existing evidence shows that S.miltiorrhiza has beneficial effects on the animal model of DN,and its mechanism is mainly related to improving kidney fibrosis,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response.

Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene (SmTAT) Revealed Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Cultivated Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) Populations

Chinese traditional medicine Danshen is the radix of the perennial herbs of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is traditionally and extensively applied clinically to treat cardiovascular disorders. In this research, the genomic genes for tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) of 38 cultivated populations of Danshen in China were cloned and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to reveal its genetic diversity and phylogeny. The full-length SmTAT was 2296 - 2444 bp including 6 exons (encoding 411 amino acids) and 5 introns. Overall, the SmTAT genes in cultivated Danshen populations are highly conserved with a relative low level of genetic diversity. The spliced exons (1236 bp) had 23 SNP variations with a rate of 1.86%, of which 22 occurred in the white flower S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba population (W-SCHY-W-1) and led to 5 amino acid variations. The entire 290 SNP variations with a rate of 24% in the 5 introns occurred exclusively in W-SCHY-W-1. Phylogenetic trees based on the full-length, combined introns, the spliced exons, and the deduced amino acid sequences of SmTAT all showed a two-clade basic structure with W-SCHY-W-1 uniquely standing alone. The SmTAT gene of the white flower population (W-SCHY-W-1) is unique and especially rich in variations. The first time clarified genomic SmTAT gene structure and genetic diversity in cultivated Danshen populations laid an excellent foundation for further studies on the biosynthesis of bioactives and the molecular breeding of Danshen as well as in plant tyrosine metabolism.

Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis by Regulating Th17 Cell Differentiation: An Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Validation

Objective: To identify the core targets of Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,(Dahuang-Danshen, DH-DS) and the mechanism underlying its therapeutic efficacy in acute pancreatitis(AP)using a network pharmacology approach and validate the findings in animal experiments. Methods: Network pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DH-DS in AP. The reliability of the results was verified by molecular docking simulation and molecular dynamics simulation.Finally, the results of network pharmacology enrichment analysis were verified by immunohistochemistry,Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Results: Sixty-seven common targets of DH-DS in AP were identified and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), Janus kinase 2(JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), protein c-Fos(FOS) were identified as core targets in the protein interaction(PPI) network analysis. Gene ontology analysis showed that cellular response to organic substance was the main functions of DH-DS in AP, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the main pathway included Th17 cell differentiation. Molecular docking simulation confirmed that DH-DS binds with strong affinity to MAPK3, STAT3 and FOS. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that FOS-isotanshinone Ⅱ and STAT3-dan-shexinkum d had good binding capacity. Animal experiments indicated that compared with the AP model group, DH-DS treatment effectively alleviated AP by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and blocking the activation of Th17 cell differentiation(P<0.01). Conclusion: DH-DS could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and protect pancreatic tissues,which would be functioned by regulating Th17 cell differentiation-related m RNA and protein expressions.

不同垄作方式和种植密度对丹参产量与主要成分含量的影响

为探究不同栽培方式和生长时期对丹参根与地上部产量和主要活性成分含量的影响,本研究以紫花丹参为试验材料,采用小垄单行[三种密度:H1(8万株·hm^(-2))、H2(10万株·hm^(-2))、H3(13.3万株·hm^(-2))]与大垄双行[三种密度:H4(8万株·hm^(-2))、H5(10万株·hm^(-2))、H6(13.3万株·hm^(-2))]两种垄作方式,动态取样,测定并分析不同垄作方式、种植密度和生长时期的单株重、产量、主要活性成分含量及积累规律。结果表明,大垄双行丹参单株干重、产量、根的主要活性成分含量平均值均高于小垄单行。根的单株干重和产量的最佳处理分别为H5(48.09 g)、H4(5986.69 kg·hm^(-2)),均在11月19日最高;地上部单株干重和产量的最佳处理均为H4(50.34 g、6712.75 kg·hm^(-2)),均在10月14日最高。根中主要活性成分总含量(总丹参酮+总黄酮+总酚酸)在两种垄作方式下均呈“升-降-升”的变化趋势,最佳处理为H4(295.4 mg·g^(-1)),在9月7日最高;叶、茎中(总黄酮+总酚酸)总含量的最佳处理分别为H4(238.42 mg·g^(-1))、H6(122.43 mg·g^(-1)),均在10月14日最高;丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮和丹酚酸B四种活性成分总含量的最佳处理为H6(63.23 mg·g^(-1))。综上,大垄双行栽培方式优于小垄单行。本研究结果为丹参的合理种植及根与地上部综合开发利用提供了理论依据。

铬胁迫对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

为了明确重金属铬胁迫对丹参种子萌发、幼苗生长与生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)处理丹参种子,测定种子发芽率和幼苗根长、苗鲜质量、叶绿素含量及抗逆酶活性等指标。结果表明,丹参种子发芽率及幼苗根长、苗鲜质量、叶绿素含量均随着Cr^(6+)浓度增加而下降;随着Cr^(6+)浓度增加,丹参幼苗POD活性显著升高,CAT活性先升高后降低,SOD活性逐渐下降,Pro和MDA含量增加。研究表明,Cr^(6+)对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长有显著的胁迫和毒害作用,幼苗根的生长受Cr^(6+)胁迫最为严重。

丹参酚酸类化合物的合成生物学研究进展

丹参酚酸类化合物是丹参发挥保护心血管系统、抗肿瘤与抗纤维化等多种药理作用的一类关键物质基础。以合成丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸等丹参酚酸类化合物为目标的微生物细胞工厂的构建,可以实现丹参酚酸类化合物异源高效合成,缓解临床对丹参药材的用药压力。本文就丹参酚酸类化合物的合成生物学、生物合成关键催化酶及其代谢调控等研究现状进行了归纳分析,以期为丹参酚酸类化合物的高效合成与资源应用提供科学依据。

基于网络药理学探讨丹参-葛根药对治疗心肌纤维化的作用机制

目的采用网络药理学探讨丹参-葛根药对治疗心肌纤维化的活性成分及作用机制。方法从中药系统药理学分析平台获取丹参-葛根药对活性成分和作用靶点,通过GeneCards数据库获取心肌纤维化的相关靶点,使用Venny 2.1软件获取两者共同靶点;运用STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建共同靶点的蛋白-蛋白互作(PPI)网络并进行拓扑学分析;采用ClusterProfiler R功能包对共同靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能和KEGG通路富集分析;最后使用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建“活性成分-靶点-通路”网络并分析。结果筛选得到丹参-葛根药对候选活性成分30个,活性成分和心肌纤维化共同靶点41个。共同靶点PPI网络的平均点度值为19.7,平均介数为19.1,度值和介数均超过平均值的靶点共有14个。KEGG显著富集到73条通路,其中与心肌纤维化相关的通路有6条。“活性成分-靶点-通路”网络显示,丹参中的木犀草素、丹参酮IIA和葛根中的葛根素、β-谷甾醇等活性成分通过共同调控脂质与动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE、血流剪切力与动脉粥样硬化、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介数-17(IL-17)等信号通路起到抗心肌纤维化的功效。结论揭示了丹参-葛根药对多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗心肌纤维化的作用特点,为进一步研究丹参-葛根药对治疗心肌纤维化的作用机制提供理论依据和新的思路。

丹参-三七药对治疗冠心病的药效和机制研究进展

近些年来,丹参和三七在临床上常被用来治疗冠心病如心肌缺血、动脉粥样硬化,以及与冠心病等危的糖尿病和高血压等。因此,丹参-三七药对及其组分配伍治疗冠心病的潜在机制受到广泛关注。大量文献表明丹参-三七及其组分配伍在治疗冠心病中具有调节脂质代谢和能量代谢、抗炎、抗血小板聚集、改善内皮细胞功能作用。总结了丹参-三七药对及其组分配伍在治疗冠心病中的药效和机制,以期为其后续研究提供更全面的理论依据。

丹参中丹参素、原儿茶醛来源的初步研究

目的:考察丹参药材中丹参素和原儿茶醛的来源。方法:以丹参素、原儿茶醛为指标成分,用高效液相色谱法测定其含量;采用液相色谱与多级质谱联用法鉴定丹酚酸。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛并非丹参固有成分,随煎煮时间增加而增加,而丹酚酸B随煎煮时间增加而减少。结论:丹参素、原儿茶醛是丹酚酸B的降解产物。

丹参主要居群的遗传关系及药材道地性的初步研究

目的 研究丹参主要居群的遗传关系及药材的道地性问题。方法 选择丹参主要产地样本 4 4个 (包括 9个居群样本 ) ,进行 RAPD分析 ,得到的扩增条带用 NTSYS- pc和 AMOVA软件进行数据处理。结果 (1)从 10 0多个引物中选择出 11个多态性强和重复性好的引物 ,扩增得到 12 9条带 ;(2 )不同居群内多态位点比率为2 0 .9%～ 5 5 .0 % ;(3)用 U PGMA法得到所有样本的聚类图 ,可分为 6个主要分支组和 3个组外个体 ,其中四川中江居群的 5个样本聚为一组 ,并与其他样本遗传距离较大 ;(4)按产地分组 ,遗传差异的 80 .4 4 %存在于居群内 ,8.2 9%来自于组内居群间 ,11.2 7%的遗传差异来自于组间。结论 (1)丹参居群内遗传多样性十分丰富 ;(2 )山东和河南的栽培居群栽培种源来自于当地野生居群 ,尚没有进行人工选择 ,丹参酮 A 等成分的减少的原因主要是栽培条件不理想 ;(3)地区间居群的遗传分化不均衡 ,四川中江和河北承德居群与其他居群距离较远 ;(4)丹参的道地性的确定应当依据现代的优质药材评价系统 ,山东和河南产的丹参也可认为是丹参的道地药材。

丹参品种资源特性的研究

目的 从生态型出发 ,研究国产著名道地药材川丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza大叶型、小叶型和野生型品种资源特性。方法 采用道地主产区专题调研法和系统选择法 ,在无公害的适宜丘陵生态区 ,应用系统分离纯化种源和规范化种植 (SOP)技术 ,3× 5随机区组排列 ,连续 3年品比试验及其专题实验研究 ,t检验比较。结果 丹参大叶型、小叶型、野生型品种间的生物学性状及生产力、抗病性、商品产量特性具有极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,生态适应性、植株特征、花粉粒、染色体、同功酶和品质特性均有显著差别 ,综述了丹参品种资源特性。结论 首次确立了川丹参的品种资源类型 ,建立了丹参品种资源分型研究的性状和生产力特性指标体系 ,小叶型丹参为川丹参的优质商高产新品种 ,利用具有繁殖能力的川野丹参品种资源填补了栽培川丹参不能有性繁殖生产的研究空白 ,传统主流大叶型丹参应十分注重复壮研究。本研究为丹参品种资源的合理开发利用和实施丹参的 GAP生产提供了重要的科学依据。

丹参对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的逆转作用及其机制研究

为探讨丹参对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)心肌纤维化的作用及其可能机制 ,以 WKY大鼠为阴性对照 ,SHR大鼠为 SHR阳性对照 ,观察丹参对 SHR收缩压、胶原含量及心脏左心室醛固酮 (AL D)、 NO、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量影响。结果显示 :丹参组除收缩压 (SBP)明显高于 WKY组与 SHR组无明显区别外 ,左室 I、 型胶原及AL D含量明显低于 SHR组 ,而明显高于 WKY组 ;NO、 SOD含量则明显高于 SHR组 ,但仍明显低于 WKY组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结果提示 :丹参具有预防和逆转自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化作用 ,其机制可能与抑制胶原合成 ,促进心脏局部胶原分解、抑制心肌局部醛固酮生成、改善心肌血液供应、调节氧自由基代谢等多方面的作用有关。

放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响

探讨生防放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响。以常规移栽处理为对照,研究小区试验中放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾不同配施比例下对丹参生长、产量及抗根结线虫侵染的影响;并采用稀释平皿涂抹法测定丹参根区土壤、根表土壤、根外土壤及根系中细菌(B)、真菌(F)与放线菌(A)的数量,同时对优势细菌、真菌和放线菌进行了分子生物学鉴定,研究放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理下丹参根域微生态变化。研究结果表明:1配施能增强菌剂对丹参的促生效果。菌剂与腐植酸钾配施T20处理丹参出苗率较对照提高8.7%,收获时的死亡率较对照减少39.0%;茎叶鲜质量、根鲜质量、单株根鲜质量、根干质量以及单株根干质量分别较对照增加6.1%、28.6%、11.1%、36.3%以及9.0%。2可以调整丹参植株根域土壤微生态平衡,降低有害微生物数量,增加有益微生物数量,改善微生物区系。在丹参根表土壤中,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理B/A值较对照降低78.4%,A/F值较对照增加95.0%。在丹参根系内,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理细菌数量较对照增加195.0%,未检测到真菌和放线菌存在。3在放线菌处理丹参根区、根表土壤中,有6株优势菌可能对丹参生长及抗病有益:3株优势细菌分别为硝基愈疮木胶节杆菌(Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus)、放射型根瘤菌(Rhizobium radiobacter)和弗雷德里克斯堡假单胞菌(Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis);3株优势放线菌分别为淀粉酶产色链霉菌(Streptomyces diastatochromogenes)、砖红链霉菌(S.lateritius)和卡伍尔链霉菌(S.cavourensis)。有2株优势菌疑为有害微生物:优势细菌为耐寒短杆菌(Brevibacterium frigoritolerans),优势放线菌为肿痂链霉菌(S.turgidiscabies)。这2种菌对其他作物的有害作用已有报道。4对丹参根结线虫侵染有强烈抑制作用,可使田间根结线虫侵染率降低49.3%。生防放线菌与腐植酸钾配施处理后能明显促进丹参生长,提高丹参产量及抗病虫能力,调节丹参根域微生态平衡。

氮、磷对丹参根系生长及总丹参酮累积的影响

通过盆栽和大田试验,对丹参生育期、器官发生与生长、干物质积累、养分含量及总丹参酮累积等进行了研究.结果表明,氮磷养分施入量为1∶1时产量最高,对试验盆栽该配比处理的产量是对照的1.8倍,对大田试验该配比高肥区产量高出低肥区2.5倍,高出中肥区2.25倍.移栽时用做基肥的氮肥不能过多,否则会影响产量.氮磷养分施入量最佳配比为1∶1.