Sand production along with the oil/gas detrimentally affects the oil production rate,downhole&subsurface facilities.Mechanical equipment and various chemicals like epoxy resin,furan resin,phenolic resin,etc.are us...Sand production along with the oil/gas detrimentally affects the oil production rate,downhole&subsurface facilities.Mechanical equipment and various chemicals like epoxy resin,furan resin,phenolic resin,etc.are used in the industry to reduce or eliminate this problem.In the present study,a blend of organic and inorganic silicates are used to consolidate loose sand in the presence and absence of crude oil using a core flooding apparatus.The effects of chemical concentration,pH,curing temperature and time,and the presence of residual oil on the consolidation treatment results such as compressive strength and permeability retention,were investigated and optimized.FT-IR and FE-SEM characterization techniques were employed to investigate the interaction between the chemical molecules and the sand grains.The current binding agent exhibited a viscosity of less than 6 cP at room temperature,which facilitates efficient pumping of binding agent into the desired formation through the well bore.The developed mixture demonstrated consolidation properties across all pH conditions.Furthermore,during the experimental investigation,the curing time and temperature was carefully optimized at 12 h and 423.15K,respectively to achieve the highest compressive strength of 2021 psi while achieving the permeability retention of 64%.The current chemical system exhibited improved consolidation capacity and can be effectively utilized for sand consolidation treatment in high-temperature formations.展开更多
One of the most effective methods for sand control is the chemical consolidation of sandstone structures.In this paper,the impacts of crude oil and brine in the static state and the impact of the flow rates of the flu...One of the most effective methods for sand control is the chemical consolidation of sandstone structures.In this paper,the impacts of crude oil and brine in the static state and the impact of the flow rates of the fluids in the dynamic state have been assessed at the reservoir conditions.The analyses in this research were Young’s modulus,compressive strength,porosity,and permeability which were done on core samples after and before fluid contact.Samples made with two different resins showed good resistance to crude oil in both states.No considerable change was seen in the analyses even at high crude oil injection rates in the dynamic state.Conversely,brine caused a noticeable change in the analyses in both states.In the presence of brine at the static state,Young’s modulus and compressive strength respectively decreased by 37.5%and 34.5%for epoxy cores,whereas these parameters respectively reduced by 30%and 41%for furan cores.In brine presence at the dynamic state,compressive strength reduction was 10.28 MPa for furan and 6.28 MPa for epoxy samples and their compressive strength reached 16.75 MPa and 26.54 MPa respectively which are higher than the critical point to be known as weak sandstone core.Moreover,Young’s modulus decrease values for furan and epoxy samples were respectively 0.37 GPa and 0.44 GPa.Therefore,brine had a more destructive effect on the mechanical characteristics of samples in the static state than the dynamic one for two resins.In addition,brine injection increased permeability by about 13.6%for furan and 34.8%for epoxy.Also,porosity raised by about 21.8%for furan,and 19%for epoxy by brine injection.The results showed that the chemical sand consolidation weakens in the face of brine production along with crude oil which can lead to increasing cost of oil production and treating wellbore again.展开更多
文摘Sand production along with the oil/gas detrimentally affects the oil production rate,downhole&subsurface facilities.Mechanical equipment and various chemicals like epoxy resin,furan resin,phenolic resin,etc.are used in the industry to reduce or eliminate this problem.In the present study,a blend of organic and inorganic silicates are used to consolidate loose sand in the presence and absence of crude oil using a core flooding apparatus.The effects of chemical concentration,pH,curing temperature and time,and the presence of residual oil on the consolidation treatment results such as compressive strength and permeability retention,were investigated and optimized.FT-IR and FE-SEM characterization techniques were employed to investigate the interaction between the chemical molecules and the sand grains.The current binding agent exhibited a viscosity of less than 6 cP at room temperature,which facilitates efficient pumping of binding agent into the desired formation through the well bore.The developed mixture demonstrated consolidation properties across all pH conditions.Furthermore,during the experimental investigation,the curing time and temperature was carefully optimized at 12 h and 423.15K,respectively to achieve the highest compressive strength of 2021 psi while achieving the permeability retention of 64%.The current chemical system exhibited improved consolidation capacity and can be effectively utilized for sand consolidation treatment in high-temperature formations.
文摘One of the most effective methods for sand control is the chemical consolidation of sandstone structures.In this paper,the impacts of crude oil and brine in the static state and the impact of the flow rates of the fluids in the dynamic state have been assessed at the reservoir conditions.The analyses in this research were Young’s modulus,compressive strength,porosity,and permeability which were done on core samples after and before fluid contact.Samples made with two different resins showed good resistance to crude oil in both states.No considerable change was seen in the analyses even at high crude oil injection rates in the dynamic state.Conversely,brine caused a noticeable change in the analyses in both states.In the presence of brine at the static state,Young’s modulus and compressive strength respectively decreased by 37.5%and 34.5%for epoxy cores,whereas these parameters respectively reduced by 30%and 41%for furan cores.In brine presence at the dynamic state,compressive strength reduction was 10.28 MPa for furan and 6.28 MPa for epoxy samples and their compressive strength reached 16.75 MPa and 26.54 MPa respectively which are higher than the critical point to be known as weak sandstone core.Moreover,Young’s modulus decrease values for furan and epoxy samples were respectively 0.37 GPa and 0.44 GPa.Therefore,brine had a more destructive effect on the mechanical characteristics of samples in the static state than the dynamic one for two resins.In addition,brine injection increased permeability by about 13.6%for furan and 34.8%for epoxy.Also,porosity raised by about 21.8%for furan,and 19%for epoxy by brine injection.The results showed that the chemical sand consolidation weakens in the face of brine production along with crude oil which can lead to increasing cost of oil production and treating wellbore again.
