Regarding the Regulatory Sandbox Route and Mechanism for Governance of Artificial Intelligence

The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.

Sandbox法求沥青混合料空隙分形维数

将沥青混合料横向剖切面图像用Matlab软件处理,分割出空隙的二值化图像并计算空隙分维数。在求沥青混合料空隙分维数时大多采用计盒维数法,然而此方法在网格划分的过程中对图像的尺寸有严格要求,并且背景区域对沥青混合料横向剖切面图像的计算结果有一定的影响。为此提出采用Sandbox法求空隙分维数,不用考虑网格划分及背景区域对分维数的影响,且能真实的表达出沥青混合料横向剖切面空隙分维数的实际意义。通过Matlab编程运算,用Sandbox法求沥青混合料横向剖切面的空隙分维数为1.146,其结果符合多数文献中给出的范围,其求解过程更加简单方便,值得研究和推广运用。

Sandbox modeling of fault formation and evolution in the Weixinan Sag, Beibuwan Basin, China

Fault formation and evolution in the presence of multiple pre-existing weaknesses has not been investigated extensively in rift basins. The fault systems of Weixinan Sag, Beibuwan Basin of China, which is fully covered with high-precision 3-D seismic data and is rich in oil-gas resources, have been successfully reproduced by sandbox modeling in this study with inclusion of multiple pre-existing weaknesses in the experimental model. The basic characteristics of fault formation and evolution revealed by sandbox modeling are as follows. 1） Weakness-reactivation faults and weakness-related faults are formed much earlier than the distant-weakness faults （faults far away from and with little or no relationship to the weakness）. 2） Weakness-reactivation faults and weakness-related faults develop mainly along or parallel to a pre-existing weakness, while distant-weakness faults develop nearly perpendicular to the extension direction. A complicated fault system can be formed in a fixed direction of extension with the existence of multiple pre-existing weaknesses, and the complicated fault system in the Weixinan Sag formed gradually in a nearly N-S direction with multiple pre-existing weaknesses. 3） The increase in the length and number of faults is closely tied to the nature of pre-existing weaknesses. The sandbox model may provide a new clue to detailed fault system research for oil and gas exploration in rift basins.

Sandbox Modeling of the Fault-increment Pattern in Extensional Basins

Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major boundary faults control the formation and evolution of faults in extensional basins. In the process of extensional deformation, the increase in the number and length of faults was episodic, and every ＇episode＇ experienced three periods, strain-accumulation period, quick fault-increment period and strain-adjustment period. The more complex the shape of the boundary fault, the higher the strain increment each ＇episode＇ experienced. Different extensional modes resulted in different fault-increment patterns. The horizontal detachment extensional mode has the ＇linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern, while the extensional mode controlled by a listric fault has the ＇stepwise＇ style of fault-increment pattern, and the extensional mode controlled by a ramp-flat boundary fault has the ＇stepwise-linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern. These fault-increment patterns given above could provide a theoretical method of fault interpretation and fracture prediction in extensional basins.

Universe Sandbox^2软件在地理教学中的应用探究

Universe Sandbox^2软件可以提供各种天体的质量、天体年龄、表面温度、自转周期等各类实时运转详细数据,它的最大的特点是可以自行修改初始参数或者自定义创造天体系统。Universe Sandbox^2软件不仅是一款可以模拟近似真实宇宙环境的软件,而且还是一款可以帮助学生建立时空观、有效突破教学难点的软件。因此,它为师生教学提供了一个了解天体、了解宇宙的良好平台。

基于AR Sandbox的中学地理可视化教学及应用示范

AR Sandbox有助于学生对地理环境的手动实践操作和实时监控,是实现可视化教学的理想平台。介绍AR Sandbox平台基本原理及应用优势,并以中学地理"等高线地形图的判读"章节的教学案例作为应用示范,希望能为今后AR Sandbox在国内中学地理教学中的应用提供理论依据和科学参考。

Sandbox Experi mental Study on the Influence of Rock Strength and Gravity on Formation of Thrusts

A sandbox experiment model was designed to simulate how differences in rock strength and gravity between two blocks can influence the formation characteristics of thrusts. In the experiment the compression was from one direction with basement shortening and the initial surfaces of the model were oblique. The results show that if the initial surface was horizontal or the slope angle was smaller than 7°, the compression induced two groups of thrusts with opposite dip orientations. If the slope angle of the initial surface was greater than 7°, the compression induced only one group of thrusts with a dip orientation contrary to the original compression direction. This result is similar to the actual section of a collision zone between two continental blocks. By applying stress analysis, rock strength is shown to be an important factor in deformation. As other boundary conditions are changeless, it is the change of gravitational potential energy that leads to different deformation styles.

A User-friendly Model for Ransomware Analysis Using Sandboxing

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that blocks access to a computer by encrypting user’s files until a ransom is paid to the attacker.There have been several reported high-profile ransomware attacks including WannaCry,Petya,and Bad Rabbit resulting in losses of over a billion dollars to various individuals and businesses in the world.The analysis of ransomware is often carried out via sandbox environments;however,the initial setup and configuration of such environments is a challenging task.Also,it is difficult for an ordinary computer user to correctly interpret the complex results presented in the reports generated by such environments and analysis tools.In this research work,we aim to develop a user-friendly model to understand the taxonomy and analysis of ransomware attacks.Also,we aim to present the results of analysis in the form of summarized reports that can easily be understood by an ordinary computer user.Our model is built on top of the well-known Cuckoo sandbox environment for identification of the ransomware as well as generation of the summarized reports.In addition,for evaluating the usability and accessibility of our proposed model,we conduct a comprehensive user survey consisting of participants from various fields,e.g.,professional developers from software houses,people from academia(professors,students).Our evaluation results demonstrate a positive feedback of approximately 92%on the usability of our proposed model.

Transport of graphene oxide in the capillary fringe:Insights from sandbox experiments and numerical simulation

Studying contaminant transport in the capillary fringe(CF),a crucial part of the vadose zone,offers insights into the mechanisms controlling pollution in soils and groundwater aquifers.This paper investigated contaminant transport in the CF by continuously injecting a conservative tracer(NaCl)and graphene oxide nanoparticle(GONP),an adsorptive contaminant,into a sandbox.After entering the CF from the unsaturated zone,both NaCl and GONP underwent lateral transport.The breakthrough curves(BTCs)for NaCl and GONP were derived from water samples collected at predetermined sampling holes.Subsequently,contaminant transport in the CF was modeled using a one-dimensionaletwo-dimensional(1D-2D)coupled hydrodynamic model.This model incorporated lateral dispersivity(aL=1.198 cm)and longitudinal dispersivity(aT=0.286 cm),calculated using a point-by-point method.The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients obtained were then applied to the Brooks and Corey(BC)and the van Genuchten(VG)parametric models.The BC model more accurately simulated the NaCl migration compared to the VG model,leading to its application in simulating GONP transport in the CF.However,the simulated BTCs for GONP showed a lag behind the measured data,especially at high ionic strengths.This discrepancy was attributed to the variable adsorption partition coefficient of GONP under different ionic conditions.During the experiment,GONP adsorption onto the porous media's surface altered the capillary dynamics,notably increasing capillary rise height,decreasing seepage velocity,and reducing GONP dispersion.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the adsorption capacity of the contaminants in order to accurately assess their transport within the vadose zone.

Universe Sandbox软件在地理教学评价中的应用研究

地理教学评价在培养学生地理思维和地理素养的过程中起着不可或缺的作用,但传统的地理教学评价存在教学实施方式创新不足、教学资源整合开发不当、学生学习过程缺乏自主性以及教学评价机制略显功利化等问题。而基于评价主体多元化、评价内容全面化、评价过程全程化原则的Universe Sandbox软件应用于地理教学评价有利于解决上述问题。其中地球系统的模拟与探索、星球和行星关系模拟、动量守恒模拟等课例实践证明该评价方式够帮助学生实现知识水平的提高,完善地理学科的综合能力,提升学习效果。

金融强国视域下中国版“监管沙盒”的构建与完善——基于金融科技创新监管试点的应用研究

“监管沙盒”是适应金融科技创新发展的新监管模式。在建设金融强国视域下,系统研究中国版“监管沙盒”的构建与完善,对于深化金融科技创新监管试点,坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路具有重要意义。中国版“监管沙盒”在借鉴国际经验的基础上,贯彻适应我国金融市场特点、坚持金融服务实体经济等原则,构建了中央与地方配合的顶层设计,探索运用信息公开、产品公示、行业自律等监管机制,并落实了从“入盒”到“出盒”的完整测试流程。中国版“监管沙盒”在金融科技创新监管试点项目中的落地实施,呈现出参与主体多元、监管工具丰富、风险普遍较低等新特征,推动了数字技术与金融场景的深度融合,提升了金融科技服务实体经济能力,但在项目准入、权益保护、持续监管等方面仍有待提升,为此需要完善项目分类遴选与“入盒”标准,打造全流程多元监督闭环,优化“出盒”后的持续监管机制,全面保障金融消费者合法权益,促进金融科技守正创新,助力金融强国建设。

基于虚拟机自省的Linux恶意软件检测方案

随着物联网和云计算技术的快速发展,Linux恶意软件的数量和种类急剧增加,因此如何有效检测Linux恶意软件成为安全领域的重要研究方向之一。为了解决这一问题,文章提出一种基于虚拟机自省的Linux恶意软件检测方案。该方案利用虚拟机自省技术在沙箱外部安全获取内部运行状态,在实现全方位监控的同时,规避了恶意软件的反动态分析问题。与其他沙箱监控方案相比,文章所提方案增加了恶意软件在沙箱中的恶意行为表现的数量。针对特征之间的时序性,采用时序处理模型对沙箱获取的特征信息进行建模和训练,旨在判断Linux应用是否属于恶意软件。文章使用了3种神经网络,包括循环神经网络、长短期记忆网络和门控循环单元网络。实验结果表明,长短期记忆网络在该应用场景下检测效果更好,准确率达98.02%,同时具有较高的召回率,将虚拟机自省技术与神经网络模型结合应用于恶意软件检测,既能在虚拟机外部监控虚拟机内部,又考虑特征之间的时序性。

迈向试验性规制的人形机器人治理

人形机器人的应用可以带来巨大的效益,但也对社会秩序、法律规则及伦理价值等产生深远影响。传统的科层式规制体系似乎不再能够完全适应这一新兴技术领域的规制需求。试验性规制作为一种规制创新,将规制过程视为一种学习过程,通过不断试验、评估和修正,逐步完善规制措施,使规制更具适应性和灵活性,有助于开发循证的、迭代的人形机器人治理策略。“监管沙盒”作为一种典型的试验性规制工具,可以帮助监管机构发现规制问题,积累规制成本与效益的证据,促成人形机器人的包容审慎规制,最终实现“统筹发展与安全”的政策目标。为了推动人形机器人“监管沙盒”的制度化发展,应当通过试验性立法为“监管沙盒”授权,采用“中心辐射模式”治理“监管沙盒”,确保实施中的程序正义,并完善“后沙盒”阶段的监督机制。

我国金融科技“监管沙盒”测试企业退出预备制度研究

测试企业进入金融科技“监管沙盒”正式参与测试后,基于其主观或客观原因而存在主动或被动退出沙盒测试的可能。从沙盒测试退出的实践需求来看,测试企业退出沙盒测试的预备行为亟需统一的制度规范。在充分借鉴澳大利亚相关制度设计经验的基础上,我国应从不同等级风险预防与预警规则设置、解除合作与交易协议及终止线上线下服务规则设计、建立测试企业相关技术与数据的有效处理制度以及制定测试企业退出前的牌照申请计划和准备规则等方面,为我国测试企业退出沙盒测试的预备行为提供合理有效的制度供给。

监管沙盒模式下的非法吸收公众存款罪之轻罪定位及其治理方略

在推进国家治理现代化的战略背景下,司法领域严重暴力犯罪率急速下降,轻微犯罪率急剧上升,导致我国犯罪结构发生重大变化,伴随着《刑法修正案(十二)》的出台生效,轻罪立法活性化已是中国刑法的时代特征。在金融领域,非法吸收公众存款罪是非法集资犯罪刑事规制的核心罪名之一,但暗含着金融领域“口袋罪”的嫌疑。在监管沙盒模式下,金融科技创新项目触及的非法吸收公众存款犯罪实质上为轻罪,应将其纳入轻罪治理体系,提供多方面治理优化建议,积极探索科学治理路径,以满足金融科技创新需求,在动用刑法维护金融市场秩序的同时,防范机械性司法的积弊,高质有效地应对金融犯罪的新型挑战。

逆冲-走滑作用叠加的复合构造变形机制砂箱模拟研究:以张家口-蓬莱断裂带渤海段为例

逆冲构造体受走滑作用影响形成新的复合构造体系在自然界中较为常见。新生代以来张家口-蓬莱断裂带渤海段的左旋走滑运动,改造了渤海湾盆地内燕山期挤压运动形成的逆冲构造。北西向的张家口-蓬莱断裂带渤海段受新生代以来太平洋板块俯冲驱动,与共轭的北东向郯庐断裂带共同控制了渤海湾盆地现今的构造样式,同时又是地震多发区和油气聚集区。本文通过砂箱模拟实验,研究不同走滑速率不同基底强度条件下,逆冲推覆构造受走滑作用改造的复合构造演化机制。实验结果显示,在挤压背景下,实验模型中先产生一系列的逆冲断层,形成逆冲推覆构造和冲起构造;叠加走滑作用后,走滑断层切割先存逆冲断层,具有明显的负花状构造特征。剖面上看,走滑速率越大,则断层数量越多,断层断距更大,花状构造更为复杂。在局部塑性基底模型中,无叠加的走滑构造区可形成断陷。结合研究区构造演化过程,模拟结果与张家口-蓬莱断裂带渤海段构造演化过程具有一定相似性,尤其沙北断裂、沙东断裂内部花状构造发育最为典型。走滑断裂对构造圈闭具有一定的控制作用,本模型可对逆冲叠加走滑复合区域的构造演变及动力机制分析提供参考和借鉴。

法律金融学视野中金融科技的监管困境与系统治理

从法律金融学理论看,广义金融科技在信息技术驱动下历经金融信息技术、互联网金融与金融科技等发展阶段,其发展质量与效率快速提升,并对应形成机构监管、功能监管与双峰监管。然而,金融科技在创新发展中面临法律、金融与技术层面的系统化监管困境:金融科技的法律监管范围与时效有限;金融科技的监管体制与模式难以适应金融科技的创新;金融科技的监管技术落后,难以应对金融科技的冲击。对金融科技实施有效治理,具有明显的必要性。通过采用法律金融学方法,对域外大陆法系与海洋法系典型国家的金融科技系统治理开展比较分析,我国可以积极借鉴钱学森的系统工程理念,从单维度的政府监管上升至多维度的系统治理,从而全面勾勒出金融科技稳健发展的系统治理图景:加强金融科技的法律治理系统建设;深化金融监管体制改革,积极探索金融科技监管新模式;强化金融科技的监管技术建设,提升数字化监管的技术水平。

基于第三方库隔离的Python沙箱逃逸防御机制

PaaS平台由于可提供Python服务成为目前较受欢迎的云服务。PaaS平台应用Python沙箱解决安全问题,同时允许用户使用Python C化模块以降低Python对性能的影响。然而,攻击者能够利用Python沙箱策略的漏洞进行逃逸,导致危害底层系统。现有的Python沙箱大多在代码层进行防御,缺乏对Python C化模块的监管和防护。文章分析了Python C化模块的底层原理和Python沙箱逃逸的特点,针对沙箱逃逸后需要执行特定危险函数发起攻击的特征,提出一种基于第三方库隔离的Python沙箱逃逸防御机制,并实现了原型系统。该机制的原型系统利用GOT Hook技术对Python的C化模块导入行为和危险函数调用行为进行接管,在Python导入C化模块时,提前对该C化模块进行安全检查和隔离。另外,在Python调用危险函数时,对该函数的参数进行检查。实验结果表明,文章所提机制能够有效防御攻击者利用自定义的C化模块逃逸Python沙箱以及使用恶意参数调用危险函数。在正常使用时,文章所提机制的时间开销较低,平均时间开销小于5%。

发展与安全并重:生成式人工智能风险的包容审慎监管

生成式人工智能伴随着难以预知的各种风险和复杂挑战。对生成式人工智能进行监管,不仅有助于推动生成式人工智能的规范应用和健康发展,而且有助于保护个人合法权益、维护社会公共利益以及捍卫国家安全稳定。生成式人工智能的既有监管模式面临着监管概念失准、监管规则滞后、监管信息困境、监管技术短板等问题,而包容审慎监管能够在很大程度上消解这些难题。包容审慎监管以推动生成式人工智能的创新发展为逻辑起点,以防范生成式人工智能的各种风险为框架核心,以确保生成式人工智能的安全可靠为实现路径。为了实现包容审慎监管,促进生成式人工智能造福于人类,应当通过风险管理机制防控生成式人工智能安全风险,依靠试验机制推动生成式人工智能的可靠可信,建立容错机制激励生成式人工智能的创新发展,完善参与机制提升生成式人工智能的监管理性,强化监督机制确保生成式人工智能的规范监管。

东营凹陷张性断层发育的生命演化阶段特征及其控藏作用

断层从无到有的形成过程具有隐性、显性等多个演化阶段,而断层由隐性阶段的胚胎期到显性阶段末期的老年期等各个成长阶段的判别难度很大。针对这一问题,以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷为研究对象,应用物理模拟、数值模拟等方法重现控盆边界断层-陈南断层胚胎期到老年期的全生命阶段演化过程及各阶段的固有特征;在此基础上,定性、定量判识东营凹陷主要断层的相对年龄(Relative Age,RA)以及各年龄阶段的断层活动方式,建立其控藏模式。研究结果表明:东营凹陷张扭性断层可以划分为胚胎期(0<RA≤1,微裂缝或诱导裂缝带)、幼年期(1<RA≤2,断层核形成、裂面断续相连)、青年期(2<RA≤3,板状主断面贯通、清晰断距)、壮年期(3<RA≤4,断层核两侧破碎带形成、板状-铲式断面)、老年期(4<RA≤5,坡坪式断面、派生构造复杂)和消亡期(5<RA≤6,断层停止活动或者发生反转)6个阶段;断层的活动方式与断层年龄的持续时间和活动强度有着密切的关系,稳定、持续、高强度的断层活动方式有利于断层向老年期发展。断层控藏作用研究表明:胚胎期、幼年期断层主要控制油气圈闭,青年期断层主要控制砂体和储层分布,壮年期、老年期断层控制着烃源岩的总体展布范围以及油气的运移、聚集和逸散等过程。结合优势控藏要素、油气富集程度和油气聚集规模等因素进行断层控藏能力评价,陈南断层控藏能力等级为“强”。从断层生命发育演化阶段重新认识断层的控藏能力,将有力地推动和提升断层控藏的理论研究与成熟探区的勘探水平。