Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequenc...Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis has been employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracts or monomers.However,owing to the limited number of samples in standard RNA-seq,few studies have systematically compared the effects of PG and PN spanning multiple conditions at the transcriptomic level.Here,we developed an approach that simultaneously profiles transcriptome changes for multiplexed samples using RNA-seq(TCM-seq),a high-throughput,low-cost workflow to molecularly evaluate CM perturbations.A species-mixing experiment was conducted to illustrate the accuracy of sample multiplexing in TCM-seq.Transcriptomes from repeated samples were used to verify the robustness of TCM-seq.We then focused on the primary active components,Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)and Panax ginseng saponins(PGS)extracted from PN and PG,respectively.We also characterized the transcriptome changes of 10 cell lines,treated with four different doses of PNS and PGS,using TCM-seq to compare the differences in their perturbing effects on genes,functional pathways,gene modules,and molecular networks.The results of transcriptional data analysis showed that the transcriptional patterns of various cell lines were significantly distinct.PGS exhibited a stronger regulatory effect on genes involved in cardiovascular disease,whereas PNS resulted in a greater coagulation effect on vascular endothelial cells.This study proposes a paradigm to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanisms of action between CMs based on transcriptome readouts.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of primary graft dysfunction and renders an al- lograft more immunogenic in orthotopic liver transplanta- tion (OLT). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has...BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of primary graft dysfunction and renders an al- lograft more immunogenic in orthotopic liver transplanta- tion (OLT). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has been re- ported to exert protective effects against I/R injury to vari- ous organs. The objective of this study is to investigate whether PNS preconditioning protects rat liver grafts from I/R injury via an antiapoptotic pathway. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT) and were divided into PNS preconditioning group (group P) and normal saline control group (group N) randomly according to whether PNS (50 mg/kg) was injected intra- venously 1 hour before liver grafts harvesting, and sham group (group S). The animals were separately killed 2, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. Plasma samples were collect- ed for test of alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Liver tissues were collected to de- tect histological changes, apoptosis and the expression of TNF-α, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA. RESULTS: The serum levels of ALT and AST and the apop- tosis index (AI) of liver tissue in group P were lower than in group N significantly 2, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. Compared with group N, the expression of TNF-a and Caspase-3 mRNA was reduced significantly in group P 2 and 6 hours after reperfusion and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was enhanced significantly in group P 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: PNS preconditioning protects liver grafts from I/R injury effectively in rat OLT via an antiapoptotic pathway. The antiapoptotic mechanisms of PNS may in- clude inhibiting the expression of TNF-a and Caspase-3 and enhancing the expression of Bcl-2.展开更多
Notoginsenoside R10, a novel hexanordammarane glycoside was isolated from the roots of Panax nototginseng, as a minor constituent. Its structure was determined as 6-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)-3?,6?,12?-trihydroxy-22,23,24...Notoginsenoside R10, a novel hexanordammarane glycoside was isolated from the roots of Panax nototginseng, as a minor constituent. Its structure was determined as 6-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)-3?,6?,12?-trihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammaran-20-one(1), by means of spectroscopic methods.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng(PN) on microvascular injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-or iodoacetamide(IA)-induced rat c...AIM To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng(PN) on microvascular injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-or iodoacetamide(IA)-induced rat colitis models were used to evaluate and investigate the effects of ethanol extract of PN on microvascular injuries and their related mechanisms. PN administration was initiated at 3 and 7 d after the model was established at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg for 7 d. The severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index(DAI). The pathological lesions were observed under a microscope. Microvessel density(MVD) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Vascular permeability was evaluated using the Evans blue method. The serum concentrations of cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)A121, VEGFA165, interleukin(IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Myeloperoxidase(MPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α protein was detected by western blotting.RESULTS Obvious colonic inflammation and injuries of mucosa and microvessels were observed in DSS-and IA-induced colitis groups. DAI scores, serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon were significantly higher while serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 and MVD in colon were significantly lower in the colitis model groups than in the normal control group. PN promoted repair of injuries of colonic mucosa and microvessels, attenuated inflammation, and decreased DAI scores in rats with colitis. PN also decreased the serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon, and increased the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the concentration of SOD in the colon. The efficacy of PN was dosage dependent. In addition, DAI scores in the group administered PN on day 3 were significantly lower than in the group administered PN on day 7.CONCLUSION PN repairs vascular injury in experimental colitis via attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa. Efficacy is related to initial administration time and dose.展开更多
Panax notoginseng(Araliaceae)is an important ginseng herb with various health benefits and a history of cultivation in southwestern China over 400 years.In recent years?.notoginseng has faced serious continuous-croppi...Panax notoginseng(Araliaceae)is an important ginseng herb with various health benefits and a history of cultivation in southwestern China over 400 years.In recent years?.notoginseng has faced serious continuous-cropping obstacles due to its large-scale cultivation.In this study,we aim to explore the allelochemicals of P.notoginseng and their interactions with various plants and rhizosphere microor-ganisms.The chemical constituents of the soil cultivated with 3-year-old P.notoginseng were studied by column chromatography,spectroscopic and GC-MS analyses.We identified 13 volatile components and isolated six triterpenes(1-4,6-7)and one anthraquinone(5).Compounds 1-7 were tested for their effects on seed germination and root elongation in P.notoginseng,corn,wheat,turnip,water spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana.We also examined the effect of compounds 1-7on the growth of ten rhizosphere microorganisms of P.notoginseng.At a concentration of 1.0 ug mL',compounds 3 and 5-7 caused the death of P.notoginseng root cells and compounds 2,6 and 7 induced the death of root cells of A.thaliana.Compounds 1-5and 7 inhibited elongation of A.thaliana root tip cells at a concentration of 10.0μg mL^-1.Moreover,at a concentration of 0.1 mg mL^-1,compounds 3,4,6 and 7 inhibited the growth of probiotics and promoted the growth of pathogens of P.notoginseng.These results suggest that these isolated ursane-type triterpenoid acids and anthraquinone are potential allelochemicals that contribute to continuous-cropping obstacles of P.notoginseng.展开更多
Two new dammarane glycosides named notoginsenoside T1 and T2 were isolated from the mild acid hydrolysis products of the root saponins of Panax notoginseng. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, their structures we...Two new dammarane glycosides named notoginsenoside T1 and T2 were isolated from the mild acid hydrolysis products of the root saponins of Panax notoginseng. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, their structures were elucidated to be 6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-24(25)-epoxy-3?,6?,12?,23ξ-tetrahydroxydammar-20(22)(E)-ene 1 and 6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-24(25)-epoxy-23ξ-methoxyl-3?,6?,12?-trihydroxydamm-ar-20(22)(E)-ene 2, respectively.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbit...Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were isolated and cultured by the density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method.The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups:normal control,H2O2 treatment(100μmol/L),and PNS pretreatment(0.1g/L).Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels as the index of oxidative stress were measured by using 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of BMSCs by staining with annexinV-FITC/PI.The protein expression of Bax in BMSCs was analyzed by Western blotting.Activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry.Results Pretreatment with PNS significantly decreased intracellular ROS level induced by H2O2(P<0.01).PNS markedly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis rate from 38.68% to 19.24%(P<0.01).PNS reversed H2O2-induced augmentation of Bax expression.Furthermore,PNS markedly reduced the altered in activity of caspase-3 enzyme induced by H2O2(P<0.01).Conclusion PNS has a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by scavenging ROS and decreasing Bax expression and caspase-3 activity.展开更多
This study established a method for the simultaneous determination of 74 pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng by QuEChERS pretreatment method coupled with GC-MS/MS,and carried out pesticide residue analysis on 20 b...This study established a method for the simultaneous determination of 74 pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng by QuEChERS pretreatment method coupled with GC-MS/MS,and carried out pesticide residue analysis on 20 batches of market samples in China.The samples were extracted with acetonitrile,cleaned up with primary secondary amine(PSA)and octadecylsilane(C18)and determined by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.Matrix-matched calibration was recommended to combat the matrix effect.A good linearity was observed in the range of 10−500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients≥0.9950.The mean recoveries for most of the pesticides were in the range of 70%−120%with RSD<20%.The limits of detection ranged 0.28–2.00μg/kg,while the limits of quantification were 0.94–6.65μg/kg.Following the application of“top-down”approach,the expanded measurement uncertainty for all the analytes was<30%.The proposed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in 20 market samples in China,where 9 pesticides were detected and quintozene exceeded the criteria domestically and abroad.展开更多
[Objective] This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng on the properties of rhizosphere soil. [Method] A total of 12 rhizospheres oil samples were collected in the fie...[Objective] This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng on the properties of rhizosphere soil. [Method] A total of 12 rhizospheres oil samples were collected in the fields continuously cropped with P. notoginseng for different years and the soil properties including pH value, contents of available N, available K, available P,total N, total K, total P and organic matter were determined. [Result] With the increase in the number of years of continuous cropping, seven soli indices: soil pH value, organic matter content, total N, total P, total K, available P and available K gradually increased, while available N showed a gradual downward trend. The contents of organic matter content, total N, total P, total K,available P, available K and available N after three years of continuous cropping were increased by 74.93%, 65.85%, 123.82%,18.78%, 341.67%, 120.16% and-32.16%, respectively, indicating that continuous cropping of P. notoginseng resulted in nutrient enrichment in rhizosphere soils. The pH value and available N in IBC(soil inside the border check) and UBC(soil under the border check) were higher than that in BBC(soil beside the border check), suggesting that the soil was gradually alkalized due to the continuous cropping of P. notoginseng. [Conclusion] These results suggest that pH change and nutrient imbalance may be the obstacles to the continuous cropping of P. notoginseng.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng.Methods:The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex ...Objective:To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng.Methods:The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex against human lung cancer NCI-H460 and breast cancer cell lines BT474 was examined using MTS assay.For in vivo evaluation of antitumor potential,saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex were administered orally in rats induced mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene,for 30 days.Results:Our data showed that saponin–phospholipid complex had stronger anticancer effect compared to saponin extract.The IC50 values of saponin–phospholipid complex and saponin extract for NCI-H460 cell lines were 28.47 mg/m L and 47.97 mg/mL,respectively and these values for BT474 cells were 53.18 mg/mL and 86.24 mg/mL,respectively.In vivo experiments,administration of saponin,saponin–phospholipid complex and paclitaxel(positive control) effectively suppressed 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced breast cancer evidenced by a decrease in tumor volume,the reduction of lipid peroxidation level and increase in the body weight,and elevated the enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase in rat breast tissue.Conclusions:Our study suggests that saponin extract from Panax notoginseng and saponin–phospholipid complex have potential to prevent cancer,especially breast cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many c...BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many complications.AIM To explore the protective effects of panax notoginseng saponin(PNS) against dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury through phosphoinositide-3-kinase protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway inhibition in rats.METHODS Colitis rat models were generated via DSS induction, and rats were divided into control(no modeling), DSS, DSS + PNS 50 mg/k, and DSS + PNS 100 mg/kg groups. Then, the intestinal injury, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory indices, tight junction proteins, apoptosis, macrophage polarization, and TLR4/AKT signaling pathway in colon tissues from rats in each of the groups were detected. The PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in the colon tissue of rats was blocked using the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor, LY294002.RESULTS Compared with rats in the control group, rats in the DSS group showed significantly shortened colon lengths, and significantly increased disease activity indices, oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory indices, as well as significantly decreased expression of tight junction-associated proteins. In addition, the DSS group showed significantly increased apoptotic cell numbers,and showed significantly increased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues.They also showed significantly decreased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(all P < 0.05). Compared with rats in the DSS group, rats in the DSS + PNS group showed significantly lengthened colon lengths, decreased disease activity indices, and significantly alleviated oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory responses. In addition, this group showed significantly increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins, significantly decreased apoptotic cell numbers, and significantly decreased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues. This group further showed significantly increased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, and significantly suppressed activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as well as a dose dependency(all P < 0.05). When the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of colon tissue cells in the DSS + LY294002 group was significantly lower than that of the DSS group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION PNS can protect rats against DSS-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and therefore may be potentially used in the future as a drug for colitis.展开更多
Ginsenosides Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re are major constituents of Panax notoginseng,a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has both stimulative and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS).The mo...Ginsenosides Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re are major constituents of Panax notoginseng,a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has both stimulative and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS).The monoamine hypothesis proposes that depression is a result of the depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in addition to the activation of monoamine oxidase in the CNS.The purpose of this study was to determine whether P.notoginseng Saponin (PNS) has an antidepressant activity.We investigated the antidepressant-like activities of Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re in mice,using two animal models of depression.In addition,we analyzed the neurochemicals by the chronic unpredictable mild stress test.Our results showed that Rb 1,Rd,and Re treatment at 10 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.Rb 1,Rd,and Re increases in 5HT and NE levels at 10 mg kg-1 in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus.Dopamine levels increased in the hippocampus and the striatum.Moreover,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were found increased in the hippocampus.These findings suggest that the antidepressant effects of Rb 1,Rd,and Re may be related to the increase in 5-HT and NE in the CNS,and through the alterations in the synthesis or metabolism of dopamine.展开更多
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of adult disability in industrial countries [1]. It is charicaterized by hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, mouth askew and sever sequelae. It is considere...Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of adult disability in industrial countries [1]. It is charicaterized by hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, mouth askew and sever sequelae. It is considered that an ischemic disease without any specific treatment method and few effective drugs such as tPA (human tissue-type plasminogen activator) and Edarovone with specific therapeutic window will cause a lot of disadvantages if being used inaccurate. Root of Panax notoginseng (PN) which is one of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), was first found in “Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica” around 200 AD. Panax notogineng saponins(PNS) is a multi-components mixture containing ginseng and saponins as the most important bioactive components which are commonly used in clinical treatment. Also, ginseng and saponins form the main components of many herbal medicines in the market, e.g., Xueshuantong injection [2], Xuesaitong injection [3], Xuesaitong soft capsule [4] and so on. The main monomers of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are Ginsenoside-Rb1, Gensenoside-Rg1, Gensenoside-Re, Gensenoside-Rd and Panax notoginseng saponins-R1 [5]. In this review, we found some important points as well as shortcomings that require special consideration. We therefore highlighted the advances in neuro-protection of PNS and its main monomers in the area of experimental research.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81973701 and 81903767)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202002)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.:LZ20H290002).
文摘Panax ginseng(PG)and Panax notoginseng(PN)are highly valuable Chinese medicines(CM).Although both CMs have similar active constituents,their clinical applications are clearly different.Over the past decade,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis has been employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracts or monomers.However,owing to the limited number of samples in standard RNA-seq,few studies have systematically compared the effects of PG and PN spanning multiple conditions at the transcriptomic level.Here,we developed an approach that simultaneously profiles transcriptome changes for multiplexed samples using RNA-seq(TCM-seq),a high-throughput,low-cost workflow to molecularly evaluate CM perturbations.A species-mixing experiment was conducted to illustrate the accuracy of sample multiplexing in TCM-seq.Transcriptomes from repeated samples were used to verify the robustness of TCM-seq.We then focused on the primary active components,Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)and Panax ginseng saponins(PGS)extracted from PN and PG,respectively.We also characterized the transcriptome changes of 10 cell lines,treated with four different doses of PNS and PGS,using TCM-seq to compare the differences in their perturbing effects on genes,functional pathways,gene modules,and molecular networks.The results of transcriptional data analysis showed that the transcriptional patterns of various cell lines were significantly distinct.PGS exhibited a stronger regulatory effect on genes involved in cardiovascular disease,whereas PNS resulted in a greater coagulation effect on vascular endothelial cells.This study proposes a paradigm to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanisms of action between CMs based on transcriptome readouts.
文摘BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of primary graft dysfunction and renders an al- lograft more immunogenic in orthotopic liver transplanta- tion (OLT). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has been re- ported to exert protective effects against I/R injury to vari- ous organs. The objective of this study is to investigate whether PNS preconditioning protects rat liver grafts from I/R injury via an antiapoptotic pathway. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT) and were divided into PNS preconditioning group (group P) and normal saline control group (group N) randomly according to whether PNS (50 mg/kg) was injected intra- venously 1 hour before liver grafts harvesting, and sham group (group S). The animals were separately killed 2, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. Plasma samples were collect- ed for test of alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Liver tissues were collected to de- tect histological changes, apoptosis and the expression of TNF-α, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA. RESULTS: The serum levels of ALT and AST and the apop- tosis index (AI) of liver tissue in group P were lower than in group N significantly 2, 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. Compared with group N, the expression of TNF-a and Caspase-3 mRNA was reduced significantly in group P 2 and 6 hours after reperfusion and the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was enhanced significantly in group P 6 and 24 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: PNS preconditioning protects liver grafts from I/R injury effectively in rat OLT via an antiapoptotic pathway. The antiapoptotic mechanisms of PNS may in- clude inhibiting the expression of TNF-a and Caspase-3 and enhancing the expression of Bcl-2.
文摘Notoginsenoside R10, a novel hexanordammarane glycoside was isolated from the roots of Panax nototginseng, as a minor constituent. Its structure was determined as 6-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)-3?,6?,12?-trihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammaran-20-one(1), by means of spectroscopic methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373616
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng(PN) on microvascular injury in colitis, its mechanisms, initial administration time and dosage.METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-or iodoacetamide(IA)-induced rat colitis models were used to evaluate and investigate the effects of ethanol extract of PN on microvascular injuries and their related mechanisms. PN administration was initiated at 3 and 7 d after the model was established at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg for 7 d. The severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index(DAI). The pathological lesions were observed under a microscope. Microvessel density(MVD) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Vascular permeability was evaluated using the Evans blue method. The serum concentrations of cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)A121, VEGFA165, interleukin(IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Myeloperoxidase(MPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α protein was detected by western blotting.RESULTS Obvious colonic inflammation and injuries of mucosa and microvessels were observed in DSS-and IA-induced colitis groups. DAI scores, serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon were significantly higher while serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 and MVD in colon were significantly lower in the colitis model groups than in the normal control group. PN promoted repair of injuries of colonic mucosa and microvessels, attenuated inflammation, and decreased DAI scores in rats with colitis. PN also decreased the serum concentrations of VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA165/VEGFA121, IL-6 and TNF-α, and concentrations of MPO and HIF-1α in the colon, and increased the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the concentration of SOD in the colon. The efficacy of PN was dosage dependent. In addition, DAI scores in the group administered PN on day 3 were significantly lower than in the group administered PN on day 7.CONCLUSION PN repairs vascular injury in experimental colitis via attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa. Efficacy is related to initial administration time and dose.
基金Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the members of the Analytical Group in State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany,for measuring all the spectra.We also appreciate Prof.Wei-Qi Li,Dr.Yan-Xia Jia and Dr.Xing Huang for providing materials and technical support on plant bioassays.This work is supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project(2013FC008)the Major Science and Technique Programs(2016ZF001-001)Yunnan Province,China,and Yung-Chi Cheng academician workstation of Yunnan provincial academy of science and technology(2015IC017).
文摘Panax notoginseng(Araliaceae)is an important ginseng herb with various health benefits and a history of cultivation in southwestern China over 400 years.In recent years?.notoginseng has faced serious continuous-cropping obstacles due to its large-scale cultivation.In this study,we aim to explore the allelochemicals of P.notoginseng and their interactions with various plants and rhizosphere microor-ganisms.The chemical constituents of the soil cultivated with 3-year-old P.notoginseng were studied by column chromatography,spectroscopic and GC-MS analyses.We identified 13 volatile components and isolated six triterpenes(1-4,6-7)and one anthraquinone(5).Compounds 1-7 were tested for their effects on seed germination and root elongation in P.notoginseng,corn,wheat,turnip,water spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana.We also examined the effect of compounds 1-7on the growth of ten rhizosphere microorganisms of P.notoginseng.At a concentration of 1.0 ug mL',compounds 3 and 5-7 caused the death of P.notoginseng root cells and compounds 2,6 and 7 induced the death of root cells of A.thaliana.Compounds 1-5and 7 inhibited elongation of A.thaliana root tip cells at a concentration of 10.0μg mL^-1.Moreover,at a concentration of 0.1 mg mL^-1,compounds 3,4,6 and 7 inhibited the growth of probiotics and promoted the growth of pathogens of P.notoginseng.These results suggest that these isolated ursane-type triterpenoid acids and anthraquinone are potential allelochemicals that contribute to continuous-cropping obstacles of P.notoginseng.
基金the members of analytic group of Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Two new dammarane glycosides named notoginsenoside T1 and T2 were isolated from the mild acid hydrolysis products of the root saponins of Panax notoginseng. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, their structures were elucidated to be 6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-24(25)-epoxy-3?,6?,12?,23ξ-tetrahydroxydammar-20(22)(E)-ene 1 and 6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-24(25)-epoxy-23ξ-methoxyl-3?,6?,12?-trihydroxydamm-ar-20(22)(E)-ene 2, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30600624)
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were isolated and cultured by the density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method.The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups:normal control,H2O2 treatment(100μmol/L),and PNS pretreatment(0.1g/L).Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels as the index of oxidative stress were measured by using 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of BMSCs by staining with annexinV-FITC/PI.The protein expression of Bax in BMSCs was analyzed by Western blotting.Activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry.Results Pretreatment with PNS significantly decreased intracellular ROS level induced by H2O2(P<0.01).PNS markedly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis rate from 38.68% to 19.24%(P<0.01).PNS reversed H2O2-induced augmentation of Bax expression.Furthermore,PNS markedly reduced the altered in activity of caspase-3 enzyme induced by H2O2(P<0.01).Conclusion PNS has a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by scavenging ROS and decreasing Bax expression and caspase-3 activity.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC1702500).
文摘This study established a method for the simultaneous determination of 74 pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng by QuEChERS pretreatment method coupled with GC-MS/MS,and carried out pesticide residue analysis on 20 batches of market samples in China.The samples were extracted with acetonitrile,cleaned up with primary secondary amine(PSA)and octadecylsilane(C18)and determined by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.Matrix-matched calibration was recommended to combat the matrix effect.A good linearity was observed in the range of 10−500 ng/mL with correlation coefficients≥0.9950.The mean recoveries for most of the pesticides were in the range of 70%−120%with RSD<20%.The limits of detection ranged 0.28–2.00μg/kg,while the limits of quantification were 0.94–6.65μg/kg.Following the application of“top-down”approach,the expanded measurement uncertainty for all the analytes was<30%.The proposed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in 20 market samples in China,where 9 pesticides were detected and quintozene exceeded the criteria domestically and abroad.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81102751)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2006BAI09B03)
文摘[Objective] This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng on the properties of rhizosphere soil. [Method] A total of 12 rhizospheres oil samples were collected in the fields continuously cropped with P. notoginseng for different years and the soil properties including pH value, contents of available N, available K, available P,total N, total K, total P and organic matter were determined. [Result] With the increase in the number of years of continuous cropping, seven soli indices: soil pH value, organic matter content, total N, total P, total K, available P and available K gradually increased, while available N showed a gradual downward trend. The contents of organic matter content, total N, total P, total K,available P, available K and available N after three years of continuous cropping were increased by 74.93%, 65.85%, 123.82%,18.78%, 341.67%, 120.16% and-32.16%, respectively, indicating that continuous cropping of P. notoginseng resulted in nutrient enrichment in rhizosphere soils. The pH value and available N in IBC(soil inside the border check) and UBC(soil under the border check) were higher than that in BBC(soil beside the border check), suggesting that the soil was gradually alkalized due to the continuous cropping of P. notoginseng. [Conclusion] These results suggest that pH change and nutrient imbalance may be the obstacles to the continuous cropping of P. notoginseng.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng.Methods:The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex against human lung cancer NCI-H460 and breast cancer cell lines BT474 was examined using MTS assay.For in vivo evaluation of antitumor potential,saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex were administered orally in rats induced mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene,for 30 days.Results:Our data showed that saponin–phospholipid complex had stronger anticancer effect compared to saponin extract.The IC50 values of saponin–phospholipid complex and saponin extract for NCI-H460 cell lines were 28.47 mg/m L and 47.97 mg/mL,respectively and these values for BT474 cells were 53.18 mg/mL and 86.24 mg/mL,respectively.In vivo experiments,administration of saponin,saponin–phospholipid complex and paclitaxel(positive control) effectively suppressed 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced breast cancer evidenced by a decrease in tumor volume,the reduction of lipid peroxidation level and increase in the body weight,and elevated the enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase in rat breast tissue.Conclusions:Our study suggests that saponin extract from Panax notoginseng and saponin–phospholipid complex have potential to prevent cancer,especially breast cancer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81704059Scientific Research Project of Hebei Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration,No.2017130。
文摘BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive tract disease, which is usually treated with hormone medicines. Hormone medicines are effective to some extent, but long-term use of them may bring about many complications.AIM To explore the protective effects of panax notoginseng saponin(PNS) against dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury through phosphoinositide-3-kinase protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway inhibition in rats.METHODS Colitis rat models were generated via DSS induction, and rats were divided into control(no modeling), DSS, DSS + PNS 50 mg/k, and DSS + PNS 100 mg/kg groups. Then, the intestinal injury, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory indices, tight junction proteins, apoptosis, macrophage polarization, and TLR4/AKT signaling pathway in colon tissues from rats in each of the groups were detected. The PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in the colon tissue of rats was blocked using the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor, LY294002.RESULTS Compared with rats in the control group, rats in the DSS group showed significantly shortened colon lengths, and significantly increased disease activity indices, oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory indices, as well as significantly decreased expression of tight junction-associated proteins. In addition, the DSS group showed significantly increased apoptotic cell numbers,and showed significantly increased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues.They also showed significantly decreased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway(all P < 0.05). Compared with rats in the DSS group, rats in the DSS + PNS group showed significantly lengthened colon lengths, decreased disease activity indices, and significantly alleviated oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory responses. In addition, this group showed significantly increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins, significantly decreased apoptotic cell numbers, and significantly decreased M1 macrophages in spleen and colon tissues. This group further showed significantly increased M2 macrophages in colon tissues, and significantly suppressed activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as well as a dose dependency(all P < 0.05). When the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of colon tissue cells in the DSS + LY294002 group was significantly lower than that of the DSS group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION PNS can protect rats against DSS-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and therefore may be potentially used in the future as a drug for colitis.
基金supported by the Talent Fund to Dr.Ren Guixing,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China
文摘Ginsenosides Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re are major constituents of Panax notoginseng,a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has both stimulative and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS).The monoamine hypothesis proposes that depression is a result of the depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in addition to the activation of monoamine oxidase in the CNS.The purpose of this study was to determine whether P.notoginseng Saponin (PNS) has an antidepressant activity.We investigated the antidepressant-like activities of Rg 1,Rb 1,R 1,Rd,and Re in mice,using two animal models of depression.In addition,we analyzed the neurochemicals by the chronic unpredictable mild stress test.Our results showed that Rb 1,Rd,and Re treatment at 10 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the duration of immobility in both the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.Rb 1,Rd,and Re increases in 5HT and NE levels at 10 mg kg-1 in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus.Dopamine levels increased in the hippocampus and the striatum.Moreover,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were found increased in the hippocampus.These findings suggest that the antidepressant effects of Rb 1,Rd,and Re may be related to the increase in 5-HT and NE in the CNS,and through the alterations in the synthesis or metabolism of dopamine.
文摘Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of adult disability in industrial countries [1]. It is charicaterized by hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, mouth askew and sever sequelae. It is considered that an ischemic disease without any specific treatment method and few effective drugs such as tPA (human tissue-type plasminogen activator) and Edarovone with specific therapeutic window will cause a lot of disadvantages if being used inaccurate. Root of Panax notoginseng (PN) which is one of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), was first found in “Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica” around 200 AD. Panax notogineng saponins(PNS) is a multi-components mixture containing ginseng and saponins as the most important bioactive components which are commonly used in clinical treatment. Also, ginseng and saponins form the main components of many herbal medicines in the market, e.g., Xueshuantong injection [2], Xuesaitong injection [3], Xuesaitong soft capsule [4] and so on. The main monomers of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are Ginsenoside-Rb1, Gensenoside-Rg1, Gensenoside-Re, Gensenoside-Rd and Panax notoginseng saponins-R1 [5]. In this review, we found some important points as well as shortcomings that require special consideration. We therefore highlighted the advances in neuro-protection of PNS and its main monomers in the area of experimental research.