Santalum album （Indian Sandalwood） is found in the mountainous regions of the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Few studies have been conducted on sandalwood ecology in this region, and ours is the first recorded stud...Santalum album （Indian Sandalwood） is found in the mountainous regions of the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Few studies have been conducted on sandalwood ecology in this region, and ours is the first recorded study of essential oil content and chemical composition of heartwood. We harvested two trees with State permission and took cross-sections for analysis. We demonstrated a difference in the heartwood formation and oil yield of the trees. The composition of the oil was found to be consistent between trees and along the trunk of the tree. Main aromatic compounds were santalols and other compounds are recorded in lesser quantities. Results of this study comply with the other published work on sandalwood elsewhere. This initial study on S. album in Sri Lanka provided promising results for the future of sandalwood agroforestry.展开更多
We studied the effects of different culture media on the growth of India sandalwood （Santalum album L.） seedlings in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province in southern China. Five different growth substrates, lateritic subso...We studied the effects of different culture media on the growth of India sandalwood （Santalum album L.） seedlings in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province in southern China. Five different growth substrates, lateritic subsoil, burnt soil, agricultural soil, peaty soil and coconut dust, were used as the basic culture materials and seven different treatments of composition were used as potting media. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent. was used as a primary host plant for all treatments. Statistically significant differences were found between treatments in respects of survival rate （p 〈 0.001）, height （p 〈 0.001）, ground diameter （p 〈 0.001） and biomass （p = 0.002）, as well as for quality index （p 〈 0.001） of S. album seedlings after 6-month growth in containers with different culture media. Among all treatments, the treatment combining burnt soil, peat and coconut dust in a weight ratio of 1：1：1 plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as basal manure achieved the best performance for most of the seedling growth parameters, including survival rate （98%）, height （35.81 cm）, ground diameter （0.56 cm）, biomass （4.46 g） and quality index （0.65）, followed by the treatment using only burnt soil plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as the culture medium （survival rate 86%, height 29.23 cm, ground diameter 0.48 cm, biomass 3.36 g and quality index 0.52）, while the treatment using only lateritic subsoil plus the basal manure as the medium obtained the poorest results in survival rate （38%）, height （12.04 cm）, ground diameter （0.19 cm）, biomass （0.26 g） and quality index （0.043）. Increasing the proportion of lateritic subsoil in the medium when mixed with peat and coconut dust did not show statistically significant differences in survival, height, ground diameter, biomass nor in quality index. In consideration of cost, using burnt soil plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as basal manure may be the optimum culture medium for large-scale production of Indian sandal- wood seedlings in Guangdong, southern China.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the v...[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the volatile components of S.album Linn.The aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative contents were calculated using the area normalization method.[Results]In a dry state at room temperature,39 chemical components were identified from S.album Linn,mainly olefins(91.15%),alkanes(3.00%),alcohols(2.56%),esters(2.19%),ketones(0.55%),aldehydes(0.41%)and heterocyclics(0.14%).[Conclusions]This method has the advantages of low sample consumption,easy operation,rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity,and can effectively separate and determine volatile components in S.album Linn,realizing the rapid identification of different S.album Linn varieties and providing technical support for further research on Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
Flowering, fruit set, embryological development, and pollination trials were Investigated In Santslum album L. Each ovary may have three to four ovules. Mlcrosporogenesls and megasporogenesls In the same flower were s...Flowering, fruit set, embryological development, and pollination trials were Investigated In Santslum album L. Each ovary may have three to four ovules. Mlcrosporogenesls and megasporogenesls In the same flower were synchronized at the earlier stages of flower development. However, at anthesls, when pollen was mature, the magaspore had developed only to the stage of a one- to two-nucleus embryo sac. As the eight-nucleus embryo sac developed, some mamelon cells began to undergo programmed cell death, forming holes Into which the eight-nucleus embryo sacs extended, becoming ＂N＂ or ＂S＂ shaped. The development from a two-nucleus embryo sac to a matured eight-nucleus embryo sac lasted up to 10 d. Fruit-set from open pollination was less than 2%. The endosperm develops prior to division of the zygotic embryo and one to three embryos and endosperms were formed In the same fruit. A mature seed usually germinates to produce one seedling; however, two and three seedlings from one seed were also observed, albeit at a low frequency. Pollination trials showed that no seed sets when Inflorescences were covered with s bag; however, artificial pollination could Improve fruit set. Our pollinaUon trials and embryological studies proved that the flower of S. album Is dlchogamous and fruit set has high heterozygosity.展开更多
在不同寄主植物繁殖的基础上,研究了檀香(Santalum album L.)幼苗对寄主植物的半寄生性。檀香种子发芽及幼苗生长初期,并不需要寄主植物的参与,但随后的生长其根系必须寄生于适宜的寄主植物的根上。不同寄主植物对檀香幼苗的生长和吸器...在不同寄主植物繁殖的基础上,研究了檀香(Santalum album L.)幼苗对寄主植物的半寄生性。檀香种子发芽及幼苗生长初期,并不需要寄主植物的参与,但随后的生长其根系必须寄生于适宜的寄主植物的根上。不同寄主植物对檀香幼苗的生长和吸器的发育影响不同,表现在根寄生吸器的数量、大小和结合的程度上。初步筛选了扶桑(H ibiscusrosa-sinensis)、烂头钵(Phyllanthus reticulatus)等优良的檀香幼苗寄主植物。檀香幼苗根系极不发达,细根缺乏根毛,但其导管非常发达,有利于从寄主根吸收养分和水分。此外还观察了檀香和寄主植物扶桑建立半寄生吸器的过程。展开更多
The effects of pot host(Kuhnia rosmarinifolia) configuration on the growth of Indian sandalwood(Santalum album L.) seedlings were studied by container culture experiment using split plot design.ANOVA results showed th...The effects of pot host(Kuhnia rosmarinifolia) configuration on the growth of Indian sandalwood(Santalum album L.) seedlings were studied by container culture experiment using split plot design.ANOVA results showed that the configuration time of pot host affected the height(p<0.001),ground diameter(p=0.038),biomass(p=0.039) as well as haustoria amount(p=0.016) of S.album seedlings significantly after 5 months’ growth,while statistically differences were not found for the quality index(p=0.120).The amount of K.rosmarinifolia as well as the interaction between amount and configuration time did not show significant differences on the above indices.Earlier configuration of the pot host was good for the growth of S.album,and it was the best when disposing the pot host in the same time with the transplantation of S.album seedlings from seed bed to containers.In consideration of nursery practices,the ideal pot host amount was 2 or 3,under such a configuration model,the growth of S.album seedlings achieved the best performance for most indices,including an average height of 29.43 cm,an average ground diameter of 0.41cm,an average biomass of 3.06 g,an average haustoria number of 151,and an average quality index of 0.402 after 5 months growth.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by Sadaharitha Plantations Ltdservices provided by Wescorp Sandalwood Ltd
文摘Santalum album （Indian Sandalwood） is found in the mountainous regions of the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Few studies have been conducted on sandalwood ecology in this region, and ours is the first recorded study of essential oil content and chemical composition of heartwood. We harvested two trees with State permission and took cross-sections for analysis. We demonstrated a difference in the heartwood formation and oil yield of the trees. The composition of the oil was found to be consistent between trees and along the trunk of the tree. Main aromatic compounds were santalols and other compounds are recorded in lesser quantities. Results of this study comply with the other published work on sandalwood elsewhere. This initial study on S. album in Sri Lanka provided promising results for the future of sandalwood agroforestry.
基金sponsored by the National Science and Technology Support Project "High efficient cultivation techniques of sandalwood plantation in south China (2006BAD24B0903)" a "Special construction project for improved variety experiment orchard (4400-32990190)".
文摘We studied the effects of different culture media on the growth of India sandalwood （Santalum album L.） seedlings in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province in southern China. Five different growth substrates, lateritic subsoil, burnt soil, agricultural soil, peaty soil and coconut dust, were used as the basic culture materials and seven different treatments of composition were used as potting media. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent. was used as a primary host plant for all treatments. Statistically significant differences were found between treatments in respects of survival rate （p 〈 0.001）, height （p 〈 0.001）, ground diameter （p 〈 0.001） and biomass （p = 0.002）, as well as for quality index （p 〈 0.001） of S. album seedlings after 6-month growth in containers with different culture media. Among all treatments, the treatment combining burnt soil, peat and coconut dust in a weight ratio of 1：1：1 plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as basal manure achieved the best performance for most of the seedling growth parameters, including survival rate （98%）, height （35.81 cm）, ground diameter （0.56 cm）, biomass （4.46 g） and quality index （0.65）, followed by the treatment using only burnt soil plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as the culture medium （survival rate 86%, height 29.23 cm, ground diameter 0.48 cm, biomass 3.36 g and quality index 0.52）, while the treatment using only lateritic subsoil plus the basal manure as the medium obtained the poorest results in survival rate （38%）, height （12.04 cm）, ground diameter （0.19 cm）, biomass （0.26 g） and quality index （0.043）. Increasing the proportion of lateritic subsoil in the medium when mixed with peat and coconut dust did not show statistically significant differences in survival, height, ground diameter, biomass nor in quality index. In consideration of cost, using burnt soil plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as basal manure may be the optimum culture medium for large-scale production of Indian sandal- wood seedlings in Guangdong, southern China.
基金Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(KY2019056).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the volatile components of S.album Linn.The aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative contents were calculated using the area normalization method.[Results]In a dry state at room temperature,39 chemical components were identified from S.album Linn,mainly olefins(91.15%),alkanes(3.00%),alcohols(2.56%),esters(2.19%),ketones(0.55%),aldehydes(0.41%)and heterocyclics(0.14%).[Conclusions]This method has the advantages of low sample consumption,easy operation,rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity,and can effectively separate and determine volatile components in S.album Linn,realizing the rapid identification of different S.album Linn varieties and providing technical support for further research on Chinese medicinal materials.
文摘Flowering, fruit set, embryological development, and pollination trials were Investigated In Santslum album L. Each ovary may have three to four ovules. Mlcrosporogenesls and megasporogenesls In the same flower were synchronized at the earlier stages of flower development. However, at anthesls, when pollen was mature, the magaspore had developed only to the stage of a one- to two-nucleus embryo sac. As the eight-nucleus embryo sac developed, some mamelon cells began to undergo programmed cell death, forming holes Into which the eight-nucleus embryo sacs extended, becoming ＂N＂ or ＂S＂ shaped. The development from a two-nucleus embryo sac to a matured eight-nucleus embryo sac lasted up to 10 d. Fruit-set from open pollination was less than 2%. The endosperm develops prior to division of the zygotic embryo and one to three embryos and endosperms were formed In the same fruit. A mature seed usually germinates to produce one seedling; however, two and three seedlings from one seed were also observed, albeit at a low frequency. Pollination trials showed that no seed sets when Inflorescences were covered with s bag; however, artificial pollination could Improve fruit set. Our pollinaUon trials and embryological studies proved that the flower of S. album Is dlchogamous and fruit set has high heterozygosity.
文摘在不同寄主植物繁殖的基础上,研究了檀香(Santalum album L.)幼苗对寄主植物的半寄生性。檀香种子发芽及幼苗生长初期,并不需要寄主植物的参与,但随后的生长其根系必须寄生于适宜的寄主植物的根上。不同寄主植物对檀香幼苗的生长和吸器的发育影响不同,表现在根寄生吸器的数量、大小和结合的程度上。初步筛选了扶桑(H ibiscusrosa-sinensis)、烂头钵(Phyllanthus reticulatus)等优良的檀香幼苗寄主植物。檀香幼苗根系极不发达,细根缺乏根毛,但其导管非常发达,有利于从寄主根吸收养分和水分。此外还观察了檀香和寄主植物扶桑建立半寄生吸器的过程。
文摘The effects of pot host(Kuhnia rosmarinifolia) configuration on the growth of Indian sandalwood(Santalum album L.) seedlings were studied by container culture experiment using split plot design.ANOVA results showed that the configuration time of pot host affected the height(p<0.001),ground diameter(p=0.038),biomass(p=0.039) as well as haustoria amount(p=0.016) of S.album seedlings significantly after 5 months’ growth,while statistically differences were not found for the quality index(p=0.120).The amount of K.rosmarinifolia as well as the interaction between amount and configuration time did not show significant differences on the above indices.Earlier configuration of the pot host was good for the growth of S.album,and it was the best when disposing the pot host in the same time with the transplantation of S.album seedlings from seed bed to containers.In consideration of nursery practices,the ideal pot host amount was 2 or 3,under such a configuration model,the growth of S.album seedlings achieved the best performance for most indices,including an average height of 29.43 cm,an average ground diameter of 0.41cm,an average biomass of 3.06 g,an average haustoria number of 151,and an average quality index of 0.402 after 5 months growth.
