【目的】为研究无患子科SMXL家族的生物学特性提供理论参考,深入探究该基因家族在无患子科植物非生物胁迫响应中的调控机制。【方法】基于模式植物拟南芥SMXL家族的氨基酸序列,利用TBtools对龙眼、红毛丹、无患子和荔枝的SMXL家族成员...【目的】为研究无患子科SMXL家族的生物学特性提供理论参考,深入探究该基因家族在无患子科植物非生物胁迫响应中的调控机制。【方法】基于模式植物拟南芥SMXL家族的氨基酸序列,利用TBtools对龙眼、红毛丹、无患子和荔枝的SMXL家族成员进行全基因组鉴定,Expasy、MEGA11等软件用于4种无患子科植物的进化和功能分析,同时利用龙眼转录组数据进行体胚发生早期阶段的表达分析。【结果】4种无患子科植物共鉴定出48个SMXL家族成员,其中龙眼11个、红毛丹11个、无患子9个以及荔枝17个。依据拟南芥SMXL家族成员的分类,将4种无患子科SMXL家族成员分为5个亚族且亚细胞定位于叶绿体、细胞核、细胞质或线粒体。蛋白互作分析表明,无患子科SMXL家族成员可能与多种蛋白存在互作关系,主要分为两类:一种是与受到非生物胁迫时大量表达的热休克蛋白(HSPs)或CLPs互作;另一种是与独角金内酯受体蛋白D14、karrikins受体蛋白KAI2和调控SL信号传导途径的蛋白MAX2进行互作。启动子顺式作用元件分析表明,4种无患子科植物SMXL家族成员存在较多的光响应元件、抗氧化反应元件(ARE)和脱落酸响应元件(ABRE)等,推测该基因家族广泛参与非生物胁迫响应。此外,DlSMXL家族成员在龙眼体胚发生早期存在5种不同的表达模式,其中DlSMXL4基因家族成员在胚性愈伤组织(EC)、不完全胚性紧实结构(ICpEC)和球形胚(GE)阶段相较其他成员呈现较高表达。基于5-氮胞苷、PEG、SL、光、温度和各种激素处理龙眼EC时期转录组数据分析可知,龙眼DlSMXL5在干旱、GR24、黑暗和高温处理下表达量均明显增加,推测该成员能够通过响应植物激素和应激胁迫维持胚性愈伤组织形态。其次DlSMXL8在5-氮胞苷处理时表达上调,推测其可能参与DNA甲基化在龙眼体胚发生过程中发挥作用。【结论】4种无患子科植物SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-LIKE(SMXL)家族除了在植物生长发育过程种发挥重要的作用,同时还广泛参与植物非生物胁迫调控过程。本研究结果为无患子科植物中SMXL的分类和生物学功能提供了理论依据,并为SMXL在龙眼早期体细胞胚胎发生中的功能验证提供了更好的认识。展开更多
The floral organogenesis and development of Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. （Sapindaceae） were studied trader scanning electron microscope and light microscope to determine its systematic position within Sapindaceae. Flo...The floral organogenesis and development of Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. （Sapindaceae） were studied trader scanning electron microscope and light microscope to determine its systematic position within Sapindaceae. Flowers arise in terminal thyrses. The sepal primordia initiate in a spiral （2/5） sequence, which are not synchronous. The five petal primordia initiate almost synchronously and alternate with sepal primordia. Eight stamens initiate almost simultaneously and their differentiation precedes that of the petals. The last formed petal and one stamen initiate from a common primordium. Mature stamens curve inwards and cover the ovary in bud. The gynoecium begins as a hemispheric primordium on which two carpellary lobes arise simultaneously. Later in development a single gynocium is formed with two locules and two ovules per locule. Floral morphology suggests a closer affinity with Sapindaceae, although certain features of floral ontogenesis are similar to those observed in certain members of the former Hippocastanaceae, such as Handeliodendron.展开更多
Two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, Sapimukoside A (1) and Sapimukoside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, their structur...Two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, Sapimukoside A (1) and Sapimukoside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (1) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (2).展开更多
文摘【目的】为研究无患子科SMXL家族的生物学特性提供理论参考,深入探究该基因家族在无患子科植物非生物胁迫响应中的调控机制。【方法】基于模式植物拟南芥SMXL家族的氨基酸序列,利用TBtools对龙眼、红毛丹、无患子和荔枝的SMXL家族成员进行全基因组鉴定,Expasy、MEGA11等软件用于4种无患子科植物的进化和功能分析,同时利用龙眼转录组数据进行体胚发生早期阶段的表达分析。【结果】4种无患子科植物共鉴定出48个SMXL家族成员,其中龙眼11个、红毛丹11个、无患子9个以及荔枝17个。依据拟南芥SMXL家族成员的分类,将4种无患子科SMXL家族成员分为5个亚族且亚细胞定位于叶绿体、细胞核、细胞质或线粒体。蛋白互作分析表明,无患子科SMXL家族成员可能与多种蛋白存在互作关系,主要分为两类:一种是与受到非生物胁迫时大量表达的热休克蛋白(HSPs)或CLPs互作;另一种是与独角金内酯受体蛋白D14、karrikins受体蛋白KAI2和调控SL信号传导途径的蛋白MAX2进行互作。启动子顺式作用元件分析表明,4种无患子科植物SMXL家族成员存在较多的光响应元件、抗氧化反应元件(ARE)和脱落酸响应元件(ABRE)等,推测该基因家族广泛参与非生物胁迫响应。此外,DlSMXL家族成员在龙眼体胚发生早期存在5种不同的表达模式,其中DlSMXL4基因家族成员在胚性愈伤组织(EC)、不完全胚性紧实结构(ICpEC)和球形胚(GE)阶段相较其他成员呈现较高表达。基于5-氮胞苷、PEG、SL、光、温度和各种激素处理龙眼EC时期转录组数据分析可知,龙眼DlSMXL5在干旱、GR24、黑暗和高温处理下表达量均明显增加,推测该成员能够通过响应植物激素和应激胁迫维持胚性愈伤组织形态。其次DlSMXL8在5-氮胞苷处理时表达上调,推测其可能参与DNA甲基化在龙眼体胚发生过程中发挥作用。【结论】4种无患子科植物SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-LIKE(SMXL)家族除了在植物生长发育过程种发挥重要的作用,同时还广泛参与植物非生物胁迫调控过程。本研究结果为无患子科植物中SMXL的分类和生物学功能提供了理论依据,并为SMXL在龙眼早期体细胞胚胎发生中的功能验证提供了更好的认识。
基金supported by South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The floral organogenesis and development of Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. （Sapindaceae） were studied trader scanning electron microscope and light microscope to determine its systematic position within Sapindaceae. Flowers arise in terminal thyrses. The sepal primordia initiate in a spiral （2/5） sequence, which are not synchronous. The five petal primordia initiate almost synchronously and alternate with sepal primordia. Eight stamens initiate almost simultaneously and their differentiation precedes that of the petals. The last formed petal and one stamen initiate from a common primordium. Mature stamens curve inwards and cover the ovary in bud. The gynoecium begins as a hemispheric primordium on which two carpellary lobes arise simultaneously. Later in development a single gynocium is formed with two locules and two ovules per locule. Floral morphology suggests a closer affinity with Sapindaceae, although certain features of floral ontogenesis are similar to those observed in certain members of the former Hippocastanaceae, such as Handeliodendron.
文摘Two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, Sapimukoside A (1) and Sapimukoside B (2), were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, their structures were elucidated to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (1) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3beta, 21-diol (2).
