Anticancer effects of saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng grown in Vietnam

Objective:To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng.Methods:The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex against human lung cancer NCI-H460 and breast cancer cell lines BT474 was examined using MTS assay.For in vivo evaluation of antitumor potential,saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex were administered orally in rats induced mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene,for 30 days.Results:Our data showed that saponin–phospholipid complex had stronger anticancer effect compared to saponin extract.The IC50 values of saponin–phospholipid complex and saponin extract for NCI-H460 cell lines were 28.47 mg/m L and 47.97 mg/mL,respectively and these values for BT474 cells were 53.18 mg/mL and 86.24 mg/mL,respectively.In vivo experiments,administration of saponin,saponin–phospholipid complex and paclitaxel(positive control) effectively suppressed 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced breast cancer evidenced by a decrease in tumor volume,the reduction of lipid peroxidation level and increase in the body weight,and elevated the enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase in rat breast tissue.Conclusions:Our study suggests that saponin extract from Panax notoginseng and saponin–phospholipid complex have potential to prevent cancer,especially breast cancer.

Preparation, characterization and evaluation of kaempferol phospholipid complex: Improvement of its solubility and biological eff ect

Kaempferol(KA),as one of the flavonoids,has extensive pharmacological properties.However,the poor solubility of KA severely limits its clinical application.In our study,the kaempferol phospholipid complex(KA-PC)has been prepared by solvent evaporation for the enhancement of the bioavailability of KA.KA-PC was verified by scanning electron microscope characterization methods.Drug loading,solubility and long-term stability were measured.The characterization results showed that KA-PC was formed through the intermolecular interaction between KA and phospholipids.The solubility of KA-PC in water was 189 times higher than that of KA,and the solubility in n-octanol was also significantly improved.Besides,pharmacodynamic studies showed that KA-PC can significantly reduce the level of serum uric acid in mice without causing renal injury.This study expanded the clinical application of KA by preparing KA-PC.

PnMYB4 negatively modulates saponin biosynthesis in Panax notoginseng through interplay with PnMYB1

Saponins are the main triterpenoid ingredients from Panax notoginseng,a well-known Chinese medicine,and are important sources for producing drugs to prevent and treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.However,the transcriptional regulatory network of saponin biosynthesis in P.notoginseng is largely unknown.In the present study we demonstrated that one R2R3-MYB transcription factor,designated PnMYB4,acts as a repressor of saponin accumulation.Suppression of PnMYB4 in P.notoginseng calli significantly increased the saponin content and the expression level of saponin biosynthetic genes.PnMYB4 directly bound to the promoters of key saponin biosynthetic genes,including PnSS,PnSE,and PnDS,to repress saponin accumulation.PnMYB4 and the activator PnMYB1 could inter-acted with PnbHLH,which is a positive regulator of saponin biosynthesis,to modulate the biosynthesis of saponin.PnMYB4 competed with PnMYB1 for binding to PnbHLH,repressing activation of the promoters of saponin structural genes induced by the PnMYB1-PnbHLH complex.Our study reveals that a complex regulatory module of saponin biosynthesis is associated with positive and negative MYB transcriptional regulators and provides a theoretical basis for improving the content of saponins and efficacy of P.notoginseng.

Antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of saponin extracts from walnut(Juglans regia L.) leaves

Objective:To investigate the relationship between triterpenoid saponin content and antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 70%ethanolic,butanolic,aqueous,supernate and precipitate extracts of Juglans regia leaves.Methods:Triterpenoid saponins of different Juglans regia leaf extracts were measured by the vanillin method.Antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH and ABTS free radicals.We also assessed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was evaluated to determine the correlation between the saponin content and biological activities.Results:The butanolic extract was most effective against DPPH with an IC50of 6.63μg/mL,while the aqueous extract showed the highest scavenging activity against ABTS free radical with an IC50of 42.27μg/mL.Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a strong negative correlation (r=-0.956) between DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) and the saponin content in the samples examined.In addition,the aqueous extract showed the best α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared with other extracts.All the extracts had fair antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella pneumoniae except for the aqueous extract.Conclusions:Juglans regia extracts show potent antioxidant,antimicrobial,and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.There is a correlation between saponin levels in Juglans regia leaf extracts and the studied activities.However,additional research is required to establish these relationships by identifying the specific saponin molecules responsible for these activities and elucidating their mechanisms of action.

Rhizoma paridis saponins protected against liver injury in diethylnitrosamine-induced mice

Background:Diethylnitrosamine,one of food additives,possessed a strong carcinogenic effect in human.Rhizoma paridis saponins,as the main active components of Paris polyphylla,have a good anti-cancer effect in our previous research.To verify their inhibitory effect on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer,we carried out this study.Methods:We established diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse hepatocarcinoma models to evaluate antitumor of Rhizoma paridis saponins.Subsequently,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the metabolites in the urine and serum samples.Results:Rhizoma paridis saponins alleviated diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.On the one hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins down-regulated the levels of liver function markers,such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase and alpha fetoprotein.On the other hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins reduced metabolic disorders by increasing fructose and mannose metabolism,and decreasing pentose and glucuronate interconversion,inositol phosphate metabolism,and the process of saturated fatty acids transforming to unsaturated fatty acids,which based on the regulating mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4,lactate dehydrogenase A,fatty acid synthetas,acetyl-CoA carboxylase and apolipoprotein A-I.Conclusion:Rhizoma paridis saponins has the potential application to inhibit chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the future.

Effects of Tribulus terrestris saponins on proliferation and invasion of A549 cells

Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells were divided into normal control and experimental groups(Tribulus terrestris saponin 250μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 200μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 150μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 100μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 50μg/mL group).The proliferation viability of the cells in each group was detected by CCK8,the invasion of tumor cells was detected by Transwell model.The mRNA expression of MMP9 and caspase-3 in each group of cells was detected by RT-PCR.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in each group of cells.Results:Compared with the normal control group,tribulus terrestris saponin significantly inhibited the proliferation activity and invasion ability of A549 cells,which was statistically significant(P<0.01).In the invasion assay,compared with the control group,MMP9 expression was significantly reduced and caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in the tribulus terrestris saponin group,and both were concentration-dependent,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).By cellular immunofluorescence staining experiments,it was found that the fluorescence expression of caspase-3 was enhanced in the experimental group compared with the normal control group,in which the high concentration saponin group was significantly higher than the low concentration group.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestris saponin can inhibit the invasive ability of A549 cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP9,and induce irreversible apoptosis by up-regulating the activation of caspase-3 expression to form caspase-3.

Effects of Addition of Amino Acids or Soybean Phospholipid in Diet on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Pigs

[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Physiology and Saponin Synthesis of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis at Different Nitrogen Levels

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are important members of the plant microbiome and affect the uptake and transfer of mineral elements by forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.Nitrogen(N),as an important min­eral element,can directly affect plant growth and development at different N levels.It has been confirmed that inoc­ulation with AMF can improve the efficiency of N utilization by plants.However,there are still fewer reports on the dynamic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal and plant secondary metabolites at different nitrogen levels.In this experiment,the physiological indexes and genes related to saponin synthesis were determined by applying differ­ent concentration gradients of nitrogen to the medicinal plant P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis infested by AMF as the test material.It was found that nitrogen addition increased the biomass,chlorophyll content,and nutrient content of above-and below-ground plant parts and increased the content of saponin content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis to some extent,but AMF inoculation increased the saponin content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis more significantly.AMF inoculation also promoted the expression of genes related to the saponin synthesis pathway,including 3-hy­droxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase(HMGS),squalene epoxidase 1(SE1),and cycloartenol synthase(CAS),which is in according with the accumulation of saponin in plants.It also may increase the saponin content of AMF plants by altering the expression of P450s and UGTs related to saponin synthesis.

磷脂分子调控畜禽肉品质研究进展

磷脂是一类结构复杂、功能多元的极性脂质分子,包括甘油磷脂和鞘磷脂2类。作为细胞膜的重要组成部分,磷脂分子参与生命体细胞信号传导、脂滴形成、细胞凋亡等多种生理活动,磷脂分子的代谢、水解及氧化赋予肉类食品独特的质地、风味和营养品质。磷脂分子的功能特性因其连接的极性基团和sn-1/sn-2位点脂肪酸种类不同而有所差异,脂质组学为磷脂分子结构确证与表征提供了强大技术支撑。本文介绍了肌内磷脂分子的结构与功能、检测及分析方法,重点综述了磷脂分子参与畜禽肉肌内脂肪沉积、调控宰后生鲜肉品质及加工肉制品品质的研究进展,以期为精准调控畜禽肉品质提供参考借鉴。

无患子皂苷对自发性高血压大鼠血管内皮功能和NLRP3炎性小体的影响

目的探讨无患子皂苷对自发性高血压大鼠血管内皮功能和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体的影响。方法将6只WKY大鼠设为对照组,18只自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)分为模型组、无患子皂苷组和替米沙坦组,每组6只。对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃生理盐水,无患子皂苷组和替米沙坦组分别灌胃无患子皂苷(162 mg/kg)和替米沙坦(10 mg/kg),连续灌胃35 d。给药结束后测量各组大鼠尾动脉收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP),免疫组化法检测胸主动脉内膜中血管性假血友病因子(vWF)表达,HE染色观察大鼠胸主动脉组织病理变化,ELISA法检测血清中半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶1(caspase-1)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)水平,RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测主动脉组织中p38、NLRP3、caspase-1 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠尾动脉SBP和DBP、血清中caspase-1和IL-1β水平、胸主动脉中p38、NLRP3、caspase-1 mRNA和蛋白表达均升高(P<0.01),胸主动脉内膜中vWF阳性表达增多(P<0.01),主动脉内膜和外膜脱落严重,中膜增厚;与模型组比较,无患子皂苷组和替米沙坦组大鼠尾动脉SBP和DBP、血清中caspase-1和IL-1β水平、胸主动脉中p38、NLRP3、caspase-1 mRNA和蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05),胸主动脉内膜中vWF阳性表达减少(P<0.05),主动脉内外膜损伤减轻,中膜厚度也有所降低。结论无患子皂苷能够有效降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压,改善血管内皮功能障碍,抑制炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制NLRP3炎症通路的激活有关。

南极磷虾磷脂的组成及其抗氧化活性

为研究南极磷虾磷脂的组成及抗氧化活性,采用硅胶柱层析法分离制备南极磷虾磷脂,对其磷脂组成和磷脂脂肪酸组成进行分析,通过测定自由基清除能力和还原能力系统评价南极磷虾磷脂的抗氧化活性。结果表明,纯化获得的南极磷虾磷脂的磷脂含量为(93.78±3.18)g/100 g;南极磷虾磷脂主要为磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺,分别占比(90.60±1.03)%和(5.08±1.10)%;南极磷虾磷脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,且主要为二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA),分别占总脂肪酸含量的(31.75±0.24)%和(19.35±0.10)%。南极磷虾磷脂具有良好的自由基清除能力和还原能力,其清除ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值分别为15.78 mg/mL和14.87 mg/mL,且其还原能力呈浓度依赖效应。南极磷虾磷脂的抗氧化能力明显优于大豆磷脂和卵黄磷脂。

玉竹的化学成分、药理作用及其食品开发研究进展

玉竹不仅富含糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质等营养成分,还含较高的多糖、甾体皂苷、黄酮等生物活性成分,具有抗氧化、调节糖脂代谢、增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗微生物、抗疲劳、抗衰老、护肝、调节胃肠道菌群、减肥等药理作用,已广泛用于普通食品和健康食品的开发利用。本文对其营养功能成分、生物活性及其在食品加工领域中的应用进展进行系统总结,以为其深入开发提供参考和支持。

茶皂素和博落回生物碱复配对4种病原菌的联合毒力

为了明确博落回生物碱与茶皂素混配对棉花立枯病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌和柑橘炭疽病菌的联合毒力,采用生长速率法测定了博落回生物碱、茶皂素及其不同配比混剂对4种病菌的毒力,通过交互测定法测定了茶皂素和博落回生物碱的毒性比例和增效系数。结果表明:博落回生物碱与茶皂素复配对棉花枯萎病的联合毒力主要为拮抗或相加作用,博落回生物碱与茶皂素复配对苹果轮纹病的联合毒力主要为相加作用,博落回生物碱与茶皂素质量比为1∶48.7的混剂对棉花立枯病表现为增效作用,增效系数为1.536;博落回生物碱与茶皂素质量比为1∶20.2的混剂对柑橘炭疽病菌表现出较好的增效作用,增效系数为1.537。

β-七叶皂苷通过抑制NF-κB、NLRP3信号通路改善大鼠创伤性脊髓损伤

目的研究β-七叶皂苷对大鼠创伤性脊髓损伤(tSCI)的作用及其机制。方法将72只SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组、tSCI组、低剂量皂苷组和高剂量皂苷组。BV-2小胶质细胞分为对照组、模型组、低、中、高浓度皂苷组。采用旷场实验评估各组大鼠运动功能;HE染色观察各组大鼠脊髓组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测脊髓组织及BV-2细胞中炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达。免疫荧光法检测BV-2细胞中核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达;Western blotting检测BV-2细胞中NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、IL-1β和Caspase-1蛋白表达。结果β-七叶皂苷能减轻tSCI大鼠脊髓组织病理损害程度,促进大鼠运动功能的恢复。与tSCI组或模型组比较,不同剂量或浓度皂苷组大鼠脊髓组织或BV-2细胞中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达水平均降低,且呈剂量或浓度依赖性降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,不同浓度皂苷组BV-2细胞中NF-κB、NLRP3、ASC、IL-1β和Caspase-1蛋白表达均降低,且呈浓度依赖性降低(P<0.05)。结论β-七叶皂苷对大鼠创伤性脊髓损伤具有一定的保护作用,该作用可能与抑制NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路有关。

氮磷钾配方施肥提高林下七叶一枝花产量和重楼皂苷含量

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾不同组合用量对林下栽培七叶一枝花产量及重楼皂苷含量的影响,为七叶一枝花人工栽培合理施肥提供参考。【方法】采用“3414”试验设计,利用福建南平杉竹混交林下4年生七叶一枝花(Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis (Franch.) Hara)进行田间试验,将氮、磷、钾肥当地适宜水平定为“2”,分别为N 270 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5) 375 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 300 kg/hm^(2),不足“1”和过量“3”水平分别为适宜水平的0.5、1.5倍。在七叶一枝花收获时期,测定其植株形态、根茎产量、4种重楼皂苷含量等指标,并计算生产效益。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥用量均显著影响七叶一枝花的植株形态、根茎产量和重楼皂苷含量,对七叶一枝花根茎产量的提升率分别为59.75%、27.54%、63.15%,以钾肥的贡献率最高,其次为氮肥,磷肥较低。N1水平下,增加磷、钾水平显著降低七叶一枝花的株高、茎粗和叶长,N3水平七叶一枝花的株高、叶长均达到最高,但茎粗低于N1和N2水平,表明适宜氮肥用量对七叶一枝花的生长至关重要。七叶一枝花的根茎产量和总重楼皂苷含量还受肥料交互效应的影响。当N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O用量分别为270、375、450 kg/hm^(2) (N_(2)P_(2)K_3)和270、375、300 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))时,根茎产量达到最高,分别为2804、2648 kg/hm^(2)。N_(2)P_(2)K_3的总重楼皂苷含量也最大,达到1.62%,显著高于其他处理。施氮磷钾肥净增收效益在N_(2)P_(2)K_3处理下最高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理次之。【结论】适量的氮、磷肥配合较高的钾肥可显著提升七叶一枝花根茎产量和总重楼皂苷含量,提高七叶一枝花的经济效益。因此,在供试地区,推荐N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O用量分别为270、375、450 kg/hm^(2)。

辽东楤木叶总皂苷提取工艺研究

以总皂苷提取率、两种质量标志性皂苷成分的提取率为指标探索辽东楤木叶药材中皂苷的提取工艺。分别考察药材浸泡达饱和的时间、回流提取时乙醇溶液用量、提取时间、提取次数以及乙醇溶液浓度对辽东楤木叶皂苷提取率的影响,并采用正交实验法对辽东楤木叶总皂苷的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,药材经乙醇水溶液浸泡3h以上达到吸收饱和;加8倍量的70%乙醇水溶液回流提取3次,每次2.5h,所得的辽东楤木叶总皂苷提取率及两种指标性皂苷提取率均较高。

油茶籽粕发酵菌株的筛选鉴定及发酵产物特性分析

油茶行业的迅速发展导致油茶籽粕废弃物的大量产生,其落后的处理方式造成了严重的资源浪费,制约了我国油茶行业的可持续发展。油茶籽粕中富含有机质,利用微生物发酵法降解其中的纤维素、木质素及茶皂素等生物大分子来制备有机肥是实现油茶籽粕合理资源化利用的有效途径。通过筛选获得3株针对油茶籽粕中纤维素和木质素的高效降解菌,包括1株真菌X1-1,属于Pleurostomarichardsiae,以及2株细菌M4-2和M5-2,分别为蒙氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas monteilii)和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp)属,可有效降低发酵产物中茶皂素的含量,实现油茶籽粕的无害化处理。实验结果显示,经菌株X1-1、M4-2和M5-2发酵处理28 d后,油茶籽粕中纤维素含量的降解率分别为29.74%、19.65%和13.19%,木质素含量的降解率分别为12.84%、17.85%和26.39%,茶皂素含量的降解率分别为34.06%、45.05%和46.15%;且发酵后的油茶籽粕腐熟度、有机质含量和养分含量等指标均符合有机肥标准。研究结果拓展了油茶籽粕的资源化利用途径,同时为木质素和纤维素的高效降解提供了良好的菌种资源。

博落回生物碱和茶皂素对4种蔬菜病原菌的室内联合毒力

为明确博落回生物碱与茶皂素混配对辣椒疫霉病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌、番茄晚疫病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的联合毒力,以期为博落回生物碱与茶皂素复配型植物源农药的开发提供依据,采用生长速率法测定博落回生物碱和茶皂素单剂及其混剂对上述4种病原菌的EC_(50)、毒力比率以及最佳配比的联合毒力。结果表明,博落回生物碱对辣椒疫霉病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌、番茄晚疫病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的EC_(50)值分别为29.3、89.0、24.8、29.6μg/mL;茶皂素对4种病原菌的EC_(50)值分别为90.0、90.3、55.2、83.0μg/mL。毒力比率筛选结果表明,博落回生物碱和茶皂素EC_(50)剂量百分比为90∶10、80∶20、70∶30、60∶40、50∶50和40∶60时,对辣椒疫霉病菌的毒力比率分别为1.30、1.38、1.45、1.33、1.29和1.28,表现为增效作用;EC_(50)剂量百分比为40∶60和10∶90时,对瓜果腐霉病菌的毒力比率分别为1.26和1.28,表现为增效作用;EC_(50)剂量百分比为80∶20和50∶50时,对番茄晚疫病菌的毒力比率分别为1.27和1.25,表现为增效作用;博落回生物碱和茶皂素复配对番茄灰霉病菌表现为相加作用。最佳配比的联合毒力筛选结果表明,博落回生物碱与茶皂素质量比为1.0∶3.1和1.0∶4.6的混剂对辣椒疫霉病菌表现为增效作用,增效系数分别为2.30和1.54;质量比为1.0∶1.5和1.0∶9.1的混剂对瓜果腐霉病菌表现出较好的增效作用,增效系数分别为1.67和2.12;博落回生物碱与茶皂素混剂对番茄灰霉病菌的联合毒力主要表现为相加作用;博落回生物碱与茶皂素质量比为1.8∶1.0的混剂对番茄晚疫病菌表现出较好的增效作用,增效系数为1.52。综上,博落回生物碱与茶皂素复配对辣椒疫霉病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌和番茄晚疫病菌具有明显的协同增效作用,对番茄灰霉病菌表现为相加作用。

商陆提取物药理作用研究进展

商陆是我国传统峻下逐水中药,收载于历版《中华人民共和国药典》,入药部位为根部,具有利尿泻下、抗炎、抗肿瘤、祛痰镇咳平喘等药理活性。临床多用于治疗肾炎、肝硬化腹水、乳腺增生、银屑病等疾病。通过对商陆提取物和化学成分药理作用进行总结,为今后商陆深入研究及合理开发利用提供支持和参考依据。

三七总皂苷通过激活PPARα/Nrf2减轻内皮细胞屏障和功能损伤

目的研究三七总皂苷(PNS)对氧糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)诱导的内皮细胞屏障和功能损伤的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法使用OGD/R诱导bEnd.3细胞以建立缺血再灌注损伤模型,同时设立对照组(Control)、模型组(OGD/R)、PNS高剂量组(OGD/R+PNS 400μg/mL)、PPARα抑制剂组(OGD/R+PNS 400μg/mL+PPARαinhibitor)和Nrf2抑制剂组(OGD/R+PNS 400μg/mL+Nrf2 inhibitor)。采用CCK-8检测bEnd.3细胞活性损伤,LDH试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)表达,蛋白印迹法检测ZO-1、claudin-5、occludin表达;采用细胞划痕和细胞侵袭实验检测bEnd.3细胞侵袭和迁移的水平;借助小管形成实验检测bEnd.3细胞小管形成能力。结果PNS通过激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α/核因子E2相关因子2(PPARα/Nrf2)信号减轻OGD/R诱导的bEnd.3细胞活性损伤和内皮屏障损伤,抑制细胞迁移和侵袭能力,改善血管生成损伤。结论PNS通过激活PPARα/Nrf2信号减轻OGD/R诱导的内皮细胞屏障和功能损伤。