Improvement Detecting Method of Optical Axes Parallelism of Shipboard Photoelectrical Theodolite Based on Image Processing

An improvement detecting method was proposed according to the disadvantages of testing method of optical axes parallelism of shipboard photoelectrical theodolite (short for theodolite) based on image processing. Pointolite replaced 0.2'' collimator to reduce the errors of crosshair images processing and improve the quality of image. What’s more, the high quality images could help to optimize the image processing method and the testing accuracy. The errors between the trial results interpreted by software and the results tested in dock were less than 10'', which indicated the improve method had some actual application values.

Damage Detection of Composite Material Intelligent Structure with a New Photoelectric System

A kind of photoelectric system that is suitable to measuring and to testing the damage of the composite material intelligent structure was presented. It can measure the degree of damage of the composite intelligent structure and it also can tell us the damage position in the structure. This system consists of two parts ： software and hardware. Experiments of the damage detection and the analysis of the composite material structure with the photoelectric system were performed, and a series of damage detection experiments was conducted. The results prove that the performance of the system is well and the effects of the measure and test are evident. Through all the experiments, the damage detection technology and test system are approved to be real-time, effective and reliable in the damage detection of the composite intelligent structure.

Photoelectric detection technology of laser seeker signals

The measurement of the rolling angle of the projectile is one of the key technologies for the terminal correction projectile.To improve the resolution accuracy of the rolling angle in the laser seeker weapon system, the imaging model of the detector, calculation model of the position and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) model of the circuit are built to derive both the correlation between the resolution error of the rolling angle and the spot position, and the relation between the position resolution error and the SNR. Then the influence of each parameter on the SNR is analyzed at large,and the parameters of the circuit are determined. Meanwhile, the SNR and noise voltage of the circuit are calculated according to the SNR model and the decay model of the laser energy. Finally,the actual photoelectric detection circuit is built, whose SNR is measured to be up to 53 d B. It can fully meet the requirement of0.5° for the resolution error of the rolling angle, thereby realizing the analysis of critical technology for photoelectric detection of laser seeker signals.

Performance evaluation and optimization design of photoelectric pyrometer detection optical system

The measurement and control of high temperature play very important roles in national defense,military,scientific experiments,industrial and agricultural production.Photoelectric pyrometer is one of the important radiation thermometers for non-contact temperature measurement.It has an important application in the field of high temperature measurement,and its performance directly affects the accuracy of temperature measurement.By improving the design of the detection optical system of the photoelectric pyrometer,the imaging performance of the photoelectric pyrometer can be improved effectively,and the temperature measurement accuracy can be improved.In this paper,the temperature measurement principle of photoelectric pyrometer,the wo rking principle of the detection optical system and the composition of the system are introduced.The optical components that affect the imaging of the optical system of the photoelectric pyrometer are analyzed.The optical pyrometer detection optical system is simulated by ZEMAX software,based on the analysis results,the Modulation Transfer Function(MTF)and the spot Diagram are used as the main evaluation criteria to optimize the design of the objective lens of the photoelectric pyrometer detection optical system.The imaging performance of the photoelectric pyrometer detection optical system and the accuracy of temperature measurement of the photoelectric pyrometer are improved by optimization design of the detection optical system.

Bubble counter based on photoelectric technique for leakage detection of cryogenic valves

In order to overcome the inconvenience of manual bubble counting, a bubble counter based on photoelectric technique aiming for automatically detecting and measuring minute gas leakage of cryogenic valves is proposed. Experiments have been conducted on a self-built apparatus, testing the performance with different gas inlet strategies (bottom gas-inlet strategy and side gas-inlet strategy) and the influence of gas pipe length (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 m) and leakage rate (around 10, 20, 30, 40 bubbles/min) on first bubble time and bubble rate. A buffer of 110 cm3 is inserted between leakage source and gas pipe to simulate the down- stream cavum adjacent to the valve clack. Based on analyzing the experimental data, experiential parameters have also been summarized to guide leakage detection and measurement for engineering applications. A practical system has already been suc- cessfully applied in a cryogenic testing apparatus for cryogenic valves.

Multi-area detection sensitivity calculation model and detection blind areas influence analysis of photoelectric detection target

Multi-element array photoelectric detector is the core devices to form a photoelectric detection target with a large field of view.This photoelectric detection target brings about the problem of uneven detection sensitivity distribution in the detection screen.To improve the uneven detection sensitivity of this photoelectric detection target,this paper analyzes the distribution law of the uneven detection sensitivity of the photoelectric detection target using the multi-element array photoelectric detector,dissects the main factors affecting the detection sensitivity according to the photoelectric detection principle,establishes the calculation model of detection sensitivity of the photoelectric detection target in the different detection areas and proposes a method to improve the detection sensitivity by compensating the gain of each unit photoelectric detector.The analysis of simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method of photoelectric detection target can effectively improve the output signal amplitude of the projectile under the certain detection distance,in particular,the output signal amplitude of the projectile is significantly increased when the projectile passes through the detection blind area.The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results,which verify the effectiveness of the proposed improvement method.

Three-dimensional coordinates test method with uncertain projectile proximity explosion position based on dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen

To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established.According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values,the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.

Application of Vacuum Photoelectric Detection Technology in Super-Resolution System

Due to the wave characteristics of light, diffraction occurs when the light passes through the optical system, so that the resolution of the ordinary far-field optical system is limited by the size of the Airy disk diameter. There are various factors that cause image quality degradation during system detection and imaging, such as optical system aberrations, atmospheric inter-ference, defocusing, system noise and so on. Super-resolution optical imaging technology is the most innovative breakthrough in the optical imaging and detection field in this century. It goes beyond the resolution limit of ordinary optical systems or detectors, and can get more details and information of the structure, providing unprecedented tools for various fields. Compared with ordinary optical systems, super-resolution systems have very high requirements on the signals to be detected, which cannot be met by ordinary detection techniques. Vacuum photoelectric detection and imaging technology is equipped with the characteristics of high sensitivity and fast response. It is widely used in super-resolution systems and has played a great role in super-resolution systems. In this paper, the principles and structure of the image-converter streak camera super-resolution system, scanning electron microscopy super-resolution system and laser scanning confocal super-resolution system will be sorted out separately, and the essential role of the vacuum photoelectric detection technology in the ultra-microscopic sys-tem will be analyzed.

A line laser detection screen design and projectile echo power calculation in detection screen area

A line laser with high power as the background light source for the design of a new photoelectric detection target is proposed in this paper, aiming to improve the detection ability of the traditional photoelectric detection target under low background illumination. The laser emitted pulse waveform function and the laser echo pulse response function were used to establish the mathematical model of the reflected echo power of projectile in the detection area and derive the calculation function of minimum detectable echo power in the line laser detection screen, according to information of the line laser emitted power, incident angle of projectile, duration time and detection distance of projectile passing through the line laser detection screen. Calculations and experimental results showed that the design method of line laser detection screen and calculation model of laser echo power are reasonable, and the detection ability of line laser detection screen is obviously higher than that of traditional photoelectric detection screen, especially in low background illumination;at the same time, the designed line laser detection screen was used to combine a six line laser detection screen intersection test system, based on live ammunition for shooting. The test system is stable and able to obtain the dynamic parameters of the flying projectile, verifying that the design of the line laser detection screen in new photoelectric detection target can be suitable for shooting range test applications.

基于以太网技术的光电信号检测系统

针对光信号检测传输速率低、传输距离短及检测成本高等问题,结合EP4CE115F29C7N型芯片,设计基于以太网的光电信号检测系统。该系统将光电信号采集模块采集到的信号通过AD7606采样并进行预处理后存储到片外SDRAM,同时在UDP/IP协议基础上设计以太网通信模块,将数据通过数据包的方式发送到上位机,并基于LabVIEW设计光信号采集监控系统,实现对上传数据的滤波和实时检测。通过对比输入信号和LabVIEW监控系统显示信号的一致性,验证了系统的正确性。实验结果表明:该系统可以减少光检测信号远距离传输的数据损耗,提高光电信号的检测效率,有较好的实时性和可读性,且程序移植灵活,节约并缩短了光电检测成本和系统开发时间。

水环境检测中的光电化学传感技术研究进展

本文综述了光电化学传感器技术的工作原理、结构与组成,并且还讨论了光电化学传感技术的特点和优势,以及光电化学传感器在水环境检测中的应用,包括重金属检测、全氟化合物检测等方面。通过综合分析现有的研究,总结光电化学传感技术在水环境检测中的挑战与未来发展趋势以及其技术在检测中的应用前景。

细长竹木圆棒双激光对射自动检测系统设计

针对细长竹木圆棒胚体存在的表面凹坑、开裂等外观缺陷,设计了一种双激光对射式自动检测系统。机械结构采用载物链条使细长竹木圆棒整体平移并在弹性压板下滚动,由对称布置的双激光斜入射至压板和圆棒贴合部位,实现对竹木圆棒表面的双螺旋扫描和空隙检测;控制部分以西门子S7-200 Smart PLC为主体,设计了与实体链条同步的数字链条进行并行控制。测试结果表明,系统相对于人工检测漏检率为0,具有成本低、效率高、可靠性高、易于使用等特点,可有效解决细长竹木圆棒胚体表面质量初筛问题。

黑磷半导体光物理及应用研究进展

与其他二维材料相比,二维黑磷具有较高的载流子迁移率、宽可调带隙和面内各向异性等特点,在晶体管、光子学、光电子学、传感器、电池和催化等领域引起科学家的广泛关注.然而,黑磷在自然环境条件下的不稳定性以及大面积、高质量半导体黑磷纳米材料制备的局限性严重滞缓了其在纳米器件、催化以及生物光子学领域的快速发展.本工作总结了近年来高稳定性黑磷纳米材料的可控制备和光学性质,重点突出其在光电探测器、非线性和线性光学、光催化和生物光子学等光学应用方面的研究进展,并对黑磷在未来光电子器件、光催化以及生物光子的挑战及机遇做出相应展望.

桁架式自动插装机器人控制系统设计

为了解决人工插装电子元件存在的效率及合格率低等问题,面向中小型3C企业的低成本桁架式线路板插装机器的控制系统开发,以电容插装为例,完成系统的上料、拾取、检测和插件等控制过程的设计,利用数据库完成插装关键信息的存储。系统采用通讯方式完成桁架式机器人的运动控制,具有控制灵活、成本低的优点;利用光电检测技术完成电容引脚距离检测、利用扭矩检测完成电容插入状态的判断,具有时间短、效率高的优点。系统经过实验测试,各项指标均满足设计要求。

微分散液滴的光纤检测研究

微分散是微化工技术的重要组成部分,传统利用显微摄像分析和统计微分散液滴的方法成本高,不易推广。提出了一种基于光纤传感的微分散液滴在线检测技术,该方法基于漫反射光纤、光纤传感器、数据采集卡和LabVIEW程序实现了微通道内液滴生成频率和长度的在线检测,满足0.21 mm以上直径液滴的检测,检测频率上限为500 Hz,当液滴通过光纤时间超过15 ms时,还可检测液滴长度。研究结果表明光纤直径和光纤传感器响应时间是影响该方法检测性能的主要因素,与相似平台对比,以较低的成本实现了较高检测性能。

TDLAS气体激光遥测高灵敏光电探测电路设计

针对气体激光遥测光信号微弱、环境因素干扰强等特点,结合波长调制技术,设计和研究了用于TDLAS激光遥测的高灵敏度光电探测电路(Highly Sensitive Photoelectric Detection Circuit,HSPDC)。基于波长调制技术,确定了TDLAS信号噪声抑制方法;采用光电二极管理想模型,分析了光电探测电路的线性响应特性并确定了光电二极管的关键参数;基于级联放大原理设计、仿真并对HSPDC进行测试。结果表明:所设计HSPDC的光功率检测下限为0.11 nW,信号衰减仅为0.79 dB(f=10 kHz),截止频率较现有108 V/A跨阻放大电路高一个数量级,可用于高速调制微弱光信号的探测。搭建了气体激光遥测系统,当调制频率为3 kHz时,激光遥测系统获得了良好的检测性能,检测灵敏度达到88.66 mV/ppm,检测限优于0.565 ppm,线性拟合度R2为0.9996。研究表明,研制的HSPDC光电探测电路具有响应速度快、检测灵敏度高等优点,可集成化,能满足气体激光遥测应用需求。

旋转机构零位姿态传感器设计及测量方法

面向新型旋转成像载荷姿态角测量需求,针对现有传感器无法同时测量无接触旋转机构零位三轴姿态角的问题,提出了一种基于光电传感的旋转载荷零位姿态测量方法,并研制了零位姿态传感器,使用光电传感器获取过零波形,采用最小二乘法得到过零时的时间信息,通过时间和转速获得精确的旋转角和定转子相对位移。在此基础上,通过坐标变换求解出零位时的三轴姿态信息。分析平台舱和旋转舱平动、转动对传感器的测量精度的影响,建立传感器测量误差与光源组件轴安装误差、采样误差、传感器安装误差等的理论模型,仿真分析各因素对零位测量误差的影响。搭建了磁悬浮旋转支撑机构测试平台,对比所设计零位姿态传感器测量结果与电涡流位移传感器和旋变传感测量结果,分析所设计传感器的测量精度。结果表明,所设计传感器位移测量误差均值不大于2.4μm,转动角度测量误差均值不大于3.7"。所设计传感器能够准确检测出定转子间隙变化时的零位姿态信息,可为高精度的载荷舱姿态控制提供参考。

基于卡尔曼算法的激光告警自适应控制系统

针对二维激光告警系统在极端环境下成像质量差的问题,设计了一种基于卡尔曼算法的自适应控制系统。采用两个InGaAs焦平面阵列探测器分别对来袭激光的角度进行精测和粗测,对卡尔曼算法进行推导优化和仿真验证,同时,基于改进后的卡尔曼算法,通过FPGA实现两个探测器的自适应积分控制,达到系统输出自适应控制的目的。结果显示,精测的卡尔曼预测平均误差为0.56%,粗测的卡尔曼预测平均误差为0.78%,在532 nm的模拟光源照射下,自适应控制系统在极端光强下减少了欠曝和过曝的干扰,在不同光强下光斑大小稳定在55个像素左右。实验表明,自适应控制系统提高了激光告警系统在不同光强下的成像稳定性,对激光告警系统在恶劣环境下工作具有重要意义。

基于PbS量子点光电探测器的脉搏检测系统研究

脉搏蕴含人体丰富的血流信息,检测脉搏并推导出人体心血管系统健康状态正成为研究的热点。本文利用热注射法合成得到尺寸为3 nm的PbS量子点,在金叉指电极表面通过旋涂的方法构筑PbS量子点光电探测器。基于已制备的PbS量子点光电探测器研制了数据可视化的脉搏检测系统。运用光电容积脉搏波描记法,对同一测试者不同运动状态以及不同测试者同一运动状态进行测量,经过电路处理将测得的数据显示在电子显示屏上。结果表明,探测器在15.2μW·cm^(-2)光强度照射下,其响应度(R)和探测率(D^(*))在-3 V偏压下分别为0.33 A/W和1.33×10^(12) Jones。将其应用于测量脉搏电路中,系统能够有效接收并测得人体脉搏信号。上述结果表明基于PbS量子点光电探测器的脉搏检测系统在灵敏度、稳定性以及可靠性均满足应用要求。

小型光电编码器误差自动检测系统

为了提高小型光电编码器误差检测的精度和效率,拓展编码器误差检测的应用,设计了一种误差检测系统。通过对编码器误差来源分析,以步进电机为动力,DSP芯片为数据采集与电机驱动核心,21位高精度编码器为角度基准,搭建了可进行编码器动态误差与静态误差自动检测的系统。并通过对误差的分析与拟合,实现了对编码器的误差补偿,提高了被检编码器测量精度。经实际检测验证,所设计编码器误差检测系统达到设计要求。