Optimization of Finishing Process and Energy Savings in Denim Textile Facility

Denim is widely accepted among exported textile products due to its aesthetics, appearance, and fashion. Practitioners employed several physical or chemical treatments to improve denim qualities in denim finishing operations. So, several treatment processes, including enzymatic, bleaching, singeing, heat set, and ozone finish, are used, which made this processing more energy consumption and time-consuming. Therefore, it is significant to investigate how changing the chemicals and raw ingredients could improve the finishing process, which is environmentally and economically beneficial for sustainable production practices in the denim finishing process. This study’s research design comprises an experimental investigation in a denim plant in Bangladesh. Two different fabrics were chosen to analyze, determining the potential savings of finishing on the denim fabrics’ performance characteristics. By deducting singeing and heat-set processes, the researchers ran an experimental process by maintaining the same length of fabric. Then, the impacts of finishing process optimization on the mechanical, thermal, and comfort parameters of drape, stiffness, and tear strength were examined. The study’s findings demonstrated that this experiment increased productivity and reduced the finishing unit’s energy consumption without compromising the denim fabrics’ quality. This study significantly impacts environmental sustainability by preserving limited energy resources and manufacturing denim finishing processes.

Minimization of Air Consumption and Potential Savings of Textile Denim Fabric Manufacturing Process

One of the most important aspects of Bangladesh’s textile industry is denim. Bangladesh now has a new opportunity thanks to the global demand for denim among fashion industry professionals. Entrepreneurs from Bangladesh provide denim products to well-known international merchants all over the world. The worldwide denim market is predicted to expand by roughly 8% through the year 2020. We must raise the standard of denim if we are to keep up with the expanding industry. In contrast to projectile and rapier systems, air-jet weaving machines nowadays can weave practically all types of yarns without any issues and at higher rates. Due to this, air-jet looms are an excellent substitute for other weft insertion techniques. This kind of device still has one significant flaw, though, and that is the enormous power consumption brought on by the creation of compressed air. Researchers and manufacturers of air-jet looms have therefore worked very hard to find a solution to this issue and achieve a huge reduction in air consumption without compromising loom performance or fabric quality. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to look into ways to decrease air consumption and reduce auxiliary selvedge waste without any decrease in loom performance and fabric quality on existing air-jet weaving looms which reduce the manufacturing costs with process improvement. Just updating the air pressure allowed a weaving mill to reduce air usage by 11 cfm. So, with just almost no cost, a company with 100 looms could save $0.15 M each year, on compressed air. Two new methods for decreasing process costs on air jet looms have also been developed by this project work.

Thermodynamic Analysis,Simulation and Optimization on Energy Savings of Ideal Internal Thermally Coupled Distillation Columns

Internal thermally coupled distillation columns (ITCDIC) are the frontier of distillation energy saving research. In this paper, a novel energy saving model of ideal ITCDIC and a simulation algorithm are presented,upon which a series of comparative studies on energy savings with conventional distillation columns are carried out. Furthermore, we present an optimization model of ideal ITCDIC, which can be used to achieve the maximum energy saving and find the optimal design parameters directly. The binary system of benzene-toluene is adopted for the illustrative example of simulation and optimization. The results show that the maximum energy saving of ITCDIC is 52.25% (compared with energy consumption of conventional distillation under the minimum reflux ratio operation); the optimal design parameters are obtained, where the rectifying section pressure and the feed thermal condition are Pr=0.3006 MPa and q=0.5107 respectively.

Analysis of Power Matching on Energy Savings of a Pneumatic Rotary Actuator Servo-Control System

When saving energy in a pneumatic system,the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply pressure.The power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic system,and the energy-saving effect is verified by experiments.First,the experimental platform of a pneumatic rotary actuator servo-control system is built,and the mechanism of the valve-controlled cylinder system is analyzed.Then,the output power characteristics and load characteristics of the system are derived,and their characteristic curves are drawn.The employed air compressor is considered as a constant-pressure source of a quantitative pump,and the power characteristic of the system is matched.The power source characteristic curve should envelope the output characteristic curve and load characteristic curve.The minimum gas supply pressure obtained by power matching represents the optimal gas supply pressure.The comparative experiments under two different gas supply pressure conditions show that the system under the optimal gas supply pressure can greatly reduce energy losses.

Savings,investment,and growth in Nepal:an empirical analysis

This study analyzes the relationship between savings,investment,and economic growth in Nepal over 1975–2016.The structural breaks in the variables have been accounted for using the(Zivot and Andrews’s,J Bus Econ Stat 10:251–2701992)unit root test along with(Gregory and Hansen’s,Oxf Bull Econ Stat 58:555–560,1996)cointegration approach.The ARDL approach to cointegration in the presence of structural breaks has also been utilized to analyze the long-and short-run dynamics of savings,investment,and growth in Nepal.The results show structural breaks in the real GDP per capita during 2001 when the Royal Massacre and a state of emergency have taken place in Nepal.After allowing for this structural break,evidence of a cointegration relationship amongst savings,investment,and economic growth was identified.The estimates of the ARDL approach suggest that investment has a significant and positive impact on economic growth.However,gross domestic savings have a negative impact on growth in the long run.These results clearly show weaknesses of the economy in mobilizing savings into productive sectors.

City Size,Commuting Cost and Household Savings Rate:Evidence from China

Economics literature has long overlooked an important economic phenomenon:Residents in large cities tend to save a smaller percentage of their disposable income than their peers in small and medium-sized cities.As an explanation for this phenomenon,this paper puts forth the hypothesis that:Residents in large cities purchase more services to increase their leisure time,which is reduced by longer commuting time than in small and medium-sized cities,thus lowering their household savings rate.We conducted an empirical study using panel data of China’s prefecture-level cities and urban household survey data,and employed an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity problem.The result confirmed the accuracy of the above hypothesis.In identifying the economic phenomenon and putting forth the hypothesis,this paper(i)creates a theoretical link between city size and household savings rate,which helps unravel the determinants of the urban household savings rate;(2)provides important implications for China’s policy-making on domestic consumption,urban populations,and industrial development.Priority should be given to developing large and medium-sized cities given the positive effects on domestic consumption and service sector development,and migrant labor shall not be barred from entering large and medium-sized cities to provide services to local residents.

Runtime Energy Savings Based on Machine Learning Models for Multicore Applications

To improve the power consumption of parallel applications at the runtime, modern processors provide frequency scaling and power limiting capabilities. In this work, a runtime strategy is proposed to maximize energy savings under a given performance degradation. Machine learning techniques were utilized to develop performance models which would provide accurate performance prediction with change in operating core-uncore frequency. Experiments, performed on a node (28 cores) of a modern computing platform showed significant energy savings of as much as 26% with performance degradation of as low as 5% under the proposed strategy compared with the execution in the unlimited power case.

Process Adaption of a Small WWTP Operated at Low Loading Conditions for Substantial Energy Savings

The very long tradition of the activated sludge treatment model within the water industry has demonstrated very versatile possibilities to adopt the operation mode for different enhancements. By looking into other treatment models within the activated sludge family it is possible to find alternatives for the operation. This paper concentrates on the possibilities to improve even small WWTP with respect to energy savings. The small plant in Northern Sweden, called Rosvik WWTP, is given as an example. Some important findings related to the intermittent aeration mode may be summarized as follows: 1) An energy savings for the operation of the small WWTP with respect to aeration needs that resulted in a decrease of the energy power supply by more than 35%, as compared with the previous operation based on continuous aeration;2) The up to date effluent levels with respect to the main pollutants have remained at very good levels in 2020, P-level averages 0.16 mg P/l versus consent level < 0.5 mg P/l;COD-level 40 versus < 70 mg/l and BOD7 9 versus < 15 mg/l;3) Sometimes, also improved sludge settling characteristics have been observed, thus providing improved discharge figures;4) The potential to develop an enhanced biological phosphorus removal. There are however some needed conditions to accomplish these improvements: 1) Reliable on-line probes for both oxygen control, SS-concentration control and optionally also for nitrogen control;2) A flexible automation system that allows the needed process modifications to take place;3) And finally, very important dedicated and competent plant operators, with the needed curiosity for operation improvements.

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Examining Potential Travel Time Savings Benefits Due to Toll Rates That Vary by Lane

By assigning different toll rates to different lanes during peak traffic hours, the demand for each lane of a road can be optimized. Lanes with lower travel times charge higher toll rates which are paid by those drivers who have higher values of travel time (VTT) and who want to avoid congestion in the other lanes. Conversely, travel time for those drivers with lower values of travel times will increase as they select the lower priced and slower lanes. This research examines toll rates that minimize the total value of travel time spent on the road under such a scenario. The optimum toll rates are dependent on the total road volume and distribution of VTT. The results show that total saved value of travel time can easily reach 11% of the total value of time spent traveling on the lanes when compared to a toll road with a uniform toll rate for all lanes. These savings vary based on many factors including the number of travelers on urgent trips.

The Optical Properties of Black Coatings and Their Estimated Cooling Effect and Cooling Energy Savings Potential

The optical properties of coatings pigmented with different black colorants were systematically investigated and their surface temperatures and cooling energy savings were estimated. The black coatings pigmented with chromite iron nickel black and manganese ferrite black spinel colorants are not cool enough to be energy efficient cool black coatings. The cool black coatings pigmented with NIR-transmitting perylene black and dioxazine purple colorants possess a green shade and a violet shade, respectively. The estimated surface temperature reduction values and annual cooling energy savings in Beijing range from 3.0&deg;C and 1.21 kWhm-2yr-1 for the black coating pigmented with chromite iron nickel colorant to 13.8&deg;C and 5.52 kWhm-2yr-1 for the black coating pigmented with dioxazine purple colorant, respectively.

China’s High Savings Rate Puzzle:Role of Precautionary Saving

Academics have yet to agree on the effectiveness of the precautionary saving theory in explaining Chinese households’saving behavior.With the Wenchuan megaearthquake of 2008 as an uncertain event to overcome the endogeneity problem of income volatility,this paper puts forward a brand-new hypothesis that"an earthquake influences household saving rate through its effects on expected income and the variance of expected income."Then,we employ propensity score matching-difference-in-differences(PSMDID)method,the systematic GMM methods,the synthetic control method,together with instrumental variable method,for an analysis of Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)and inter-provincial data at the micro and macro levels,respectively.We find that the Wenchuan mega-earthquake was followed by an increase in the variance of household expected income in Sichuan and a significant rise in the household saving rate.Second,social protection is negatively correlated with expected income,and has a significant substitutive relationship with saving rate.This finding indirectly proves that the earthquake’s impact on the household saving rate is subject to the variance of expected income,shedding light on how the precautionary saving motivation works in the real world.

Effects of Contractual Savings Scheme on Slovak National Economy

Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.

The Public Savings’ Relation With Borrowing Requirement and Financial Balances After Global Crisis in Turkey

In this study, we aim to determine public savings’ structural location in the analysis of effect levels that are related to public borrowing requirement to cope with the deviation of financial balances, especially after 2009 global crisis in Turkey. Public savings as a financial option take up an important place in the scope of expressed government budget balances related to public borrowing requirements which are increasingly located together with budget deficits. This fact especially is pertaining to investments and capital’s transfers that are subject to the public decision making process towards economic growth in the future in developing countries like Turkey. Therefore, increasing public savings’ limits appear on these countries as an inevitable financial phenomenon concerning the desired investments. Turkey, as a developing country, has faced two financial phenomenons that increase borrowing requirement terms that lead to intend financial balances that have generally deviated after 2009 financial crisis. Firstly, it’s increasing foreign debt burden and the public savings’ levels that have not been enough to cover all the proportion of foreign debt payments since 2009. Secondly, the effect level of global crisis on the exchange rates directly causes the deviation of national currency values as a meaningful important negative impact on budget balances that are aimed at together with the macroeconomic financial balances.

Analytic Hierarchy Process in Service of Customized Offer in Banking： Savings and Investment

Today＇s banking institutions spread their product and service line on a daily basis. This effort to increase competitiveness is also creating an overstocked supply for existing and new clients. Not every product is meant for every client and aggressive sales strategies tend to repel clients which can cause serious problems in long-term client-bank relations. This paper will analyze savings and investments products along with their adaptation and modulation regarding client needs. Accordingly, banks will be able to offer particular products to clients with specific needs and wishes. The analytic hierarchy process, or simply AHP method, represents a process which will be able to transform client＇s demands and affinities into a customized offer. It is an easy-to-implement method used in any step of the decision-making process; the process must have multiple alternatives and each of them carries specific characteristics. The decision maker ranks all the characteristics and simultaneously all the alternatives, according to his affinities forming a final decision. This paper will explain how banks will be able to adapt to client needs and wishes in the future using the AHP method.

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China’s Rising Labor Remuneration and Evolving National Savings Rate

Cash flow statements suggest that China’s rising labor remuneration has had a major impact on its national savings rate since 2008.Accordingly,this paper proposes labor remuneration hypotheses to explain the evolving trend of China’s national savings rate.We hypothesize that:(1)The certainty and predictability of household labor remuneration have led to excess sensitivity to consumption,with a corresponding decrease in the household savings rate;(2)rising household labor remuneration means a greater share of labor remuneration is paid by firms,resulting in a smaller corporate savings rate;(3)the increase in the payment of labor remuneration by firms as a share of national disposable income has resulted in the government spending more on social welfare and public services resulting in the government having a declining share of disposable income,less propensity to save,and a falling government savings rate.Using China’s provincial panel data of 2008-2016,we performed an empirical test with the minimum wage standard as the instrumental variable to verify the above hypothesis.To cope with economic growth pressures,China needs to shift from an investment-driven to a consumption-driven growth model and prioritize investment efficiency over quantity.

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Daylight Savings Calculation Technique for Smart Buildings

This publication presents a technique of quantifying energy savings due to daylight. The technique is designated to be used in smart buildings or similar applications where daylight harvesting is welcomed. The technique is divided into three stages. In the first stage an optical sensor is evaluated for its P (power)-E (illumination) response characteristics. In the second stage the calibration of room properties is carried out. In the final stage photometric calculations are performed, and energy savings are calculated. The major advantage of the proposed approach is to determine energy savings during the design stage of a building, not after the building construction or retrofitting. The information obtained from the calculations is useful for investors, future tenants and environmentalists.