Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Multi-Parameters Optimization of Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Applied to Rapid Analysis of Soil Cr Content of Pearl River Delta

Using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression, the rapid reagent-free analysis model for chromium (Cr) content in tideland reclamation soil in the Pearl River Delta, China was established. Based on Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing and PLS regression, a multi-parameters optimization platform (SG-PLS) covering 264 modes was constructed to select the appropriately spectral preprocessing mode. The optimal SG-PLS model was determined according to the prediction effect. The selected optimal parameters d, p, m and LV were 2, 6, 23 and 8, respectively. Using the validation samples that were not involved in modeling, the root mean square error (SEPV), relative root mean square error (R-SEPV) and correlation coefficients (RP, V) of prediction were 11.66 mg·kg-1, 10.7% and 0.722, respectively. The results indicated that the feasibility of using Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with SG-PLS method to analyze soil Cr content. The constructed multi-parameters optimization platform with SG-PLS is expected to be applied to a wider field of analysis. The rapid detection method has important application values to large-scale agricultural production.

THE ANALYTIC SMOOTHING EFFECT OF LINEAR LANDAU EQUATION WITH SOFT POTENTIALS

In this work,we study the linearized Landau equation with soft potentials and show that the smooth solution to the Cauchy problem with initial datum in L^(2)(ℝ^(3))enjoys an analytic regularization effect,and that the evolution of the analytic radius is the same as the heat equations.

Savitzky-Golay平滑结合多元散射校正应用于甲醛固定的深静脉血栓红外光谱数据预处理

为探究甲醛固定血栓样品红外光谱数据的最优预处理方案,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,采集经甲醛固定的大鼠深静脉血栓组织红外光谱数据,选择偏最小二乘回归法建立红外光谱分析机器学习模型,测试Savitzky-Golay(S-G)平滑、基线校正、多元散射校正、标准正态变化、矢量标准化等常用的光谱预处理方式对光谱数据的处理效能。结果显示,大鼠深静脉血栓组织红外光谱的最优预处理方案为先采用S-G平滑,再进行多元散射校正,其中S-G平滑最佳参数组合是阶数为2、项数为3、点数为17。预处理后预测决定系数(R_(p)^(2))为0.948,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.486 d,模型预测能力较原始光谱显著提升。

自适应加权Savitzky-Golay滤波的轴承早期故障特征提取

轴承早期故障特征通常不明显,且受复杂工况和外源振动等因素影响,易被外部噪声干扰。Savitzky-Golay滤波器的高计算效率和固有特征保留能力,非常适用于低信噪比条件下的故障特征提取,但目前参数选取标准鲁棒性不高限制了其工程应用。针对轴承早期故障特征提取问题,文章提出了一种自适应加权Savitzky-Golay滤波的故障提取方法。首先,给出了S-G滤波的参数自适应选择顺序。其次,结合S-G滤波器结构特点,确定了基于窗长的进行自适应权重分配框架。最后,通过实验验证,验证了自适应参数优选和加权处理后的S-G滤波能准确高效地获取低信噪比条件下的轴承早期故障特征。

Lateral interaction by Laplacian‐based graph smoothing for deep neural networks

Lateral interaction in the biological brain is a key mechanism that underlies higher cognitive functions.Linear self‐organising map(SOM)introduces lateral interaction in a general form in which signals of any modality can be used.Some approaches directly incorporate SOM learning rules into neural networks,but incur complex operations and poor extendibility.The efficient way to implement lateral interaction in deep neural networks is not well established.The use of Laplacian Matrix‐based Smoothing(LS)regularisation is proposed for implementing lateral interaction in a concise form.The authors’derivation and experiments show that lateral interaction implemented by SOM model is a special case of LS‐regulated k‐means,and they both show the topology‐preserving capability.The authors also verify that LS‐regularisation can be used in conjunction with the end‐to‐end training paradigm in deep auto‐encoders.Additionally,the benefits of LS‐regularisation in relaxing the requirement of parameter initialisation in various models and improving the classification performance of prototype classifiers are evaluated.Furthermore,the topologically ordered structure introduced by LS‐regularisation in feature extractor can improve the generalisation performance on classification tasks.Overall,LS‐regularisation is an effective and efficient way to implement lateral interaction and can be easily extended to different models.

An Innovative Coupled Common-Node Discrete Element Method-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model Developed with LS-DYNA and Its Applications

In this study,a common-node DEM-SPH coupling model based on the shared node method is proposed,and a fluid–structure coupling method using the common-node discrete element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(DS-SPH)method is developed using LS-DYNA software.The DEM and SPH are established on the same node to create common-node DEM-SPH particles,allowing for fluid–structure interactions.Numerical simulations of various scenarios,including water entry of a rigid sphere,dam-break propagation over wet beds,impact on an ice plate floating on water and ice accumulation on offshore structures,are conducted.The interaction between DS particles and SPH fluid and the crack generation mechanism and expansion characteristics of the ice plate under the interaction of structure and fluid are also studied.The results are compared with available data to verify the proposed coupling method.Notably,the simulation results demonstrated that controlling the cutoff pressure of internal SPH particles could effectively control particle splashing during ice crushing failure.

一种基于Savitzky-Golay滤波的物理层密钥生成方法

物理层密钥生成技术使得节点能够利用无线信道的物理特性直接生成共享密钥,从而保证无线通信过程的安全性。针对当前物理层密钥生成方案普遍存在实际场景下密钥生成率低的问题,提出了一个基于Savitzky-Golay滤波的物理层密钥生成机制优化方案。该方案中,合法通信节点首先探测信道并通过Savitzky-Golay滤波消除部分由信道干扰造成的信道状态差异,然后,利用多级量化以及格雷码将信道状态转为比特序列,最终通过Cascade交互式信息协调协议以及基于2阶全域哈希函数的保密增强生成合法节点之间的共享密钥。实验结果表明,基于Savitzky-Golay滤波的优化方案能够有效提高物理层密钥生成过程的效率,提高了此类安全机制的实际可用性。

A modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics method considering residual stress for simulating failure and its application in layered rock mass

Residual strength is an indispensable factor in evaluating rock fracture,yet the current Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework rarely considers its influence when simulating fracture.An improved cracking strategy considering residual stress in the base bond SPH method was proposed to simulate failures in layered rocks and slopes and verified by experimental results and other simulation methods(i.e.,the discrete element method).Modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion was applied to distinguish the mixed failure of tensile and shear.Bond fracture markψwas introduced to improve the kernel function after tensile damage,and the calculation of residual stress after the damage was derived after shear damage.Numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate its performance under different stress and scale conditions and to verify its effectiveness in realistically reproducing crack initiation and propagation and coalescence,even fracture and separation.The results indicate that the improved cracking strategy precisely captures the fracture and failure pattern in layered rocks and rock slopes.The residual stress of brittle tock is correctly captured by the improved SPH method.The improved SPH method that considers residual strength shows an approximately 13%improvement in accuracy for the safety factor of anti-dip layered slopes compared to the method that does not consider residual strength,as validated against analytical solutions.We infer that the improved SPH method is effective and shows promise for applications to continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

A Dual Domain Robust Reversible Watermarking Algorithm for Frame Grouping Videos Using Scene Smoothness

The proposed robust reversible watermarking algorithm addresses the compatibility challenges between robustness and reversibility in existing video watermarking techniques by leveraging scene smoothness for frame grouping videos.Grounded in the H.264 video coding standard,the algorithm first employs traditional robust watermark stitching technology to embed watermark information in the low-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel.Subsequently,it utilizes histogram migration techniques in the high-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel to embed auxiliary information,enabling successful watermark extraction and lossless recovery of the original video content.Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s strong imperceptibility,with each embedded frame in the experimental videos achieving a mean peak signal-to-noise ratio of 49.3830 dB and a mean structural similarity of 0.9996.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 7.59%and 0.4%on average.At the same time,the proposed algorithm has strong robustness to both offline and online attacks:In the face of offline attacks,the average normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.9989,and the average bit error rate is 0.0089.In the face of online attacks,the normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.8840,and the mean bit error rate is 0.2269.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 1.27%and 18.16%on average,highlighting the algorithm’s robustness.Furthermore,the algorithm exhibits low computational complexity,with the mean encoding and the mean decoding time differentials during experimental video processing being 3.934 and 2.273 s,respectively,underscoring its practical utility.

Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of Ship Motion and Tank Sloshing under the Effect of Regular Waves

Predicting the response of liquefied natural gas(LNG)contained in vessels subjected to external waves is extremely important to ensure the safety of the transportation process.In this study,the coupled behavior due to ship motion and liquid tank sloshing has been simulated by the Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)method.Firstly,the sloshing flow in a rectangular tank was simulated and the related loads were analyzed to verify and validate the accuracy of the present SPH solver.Then,a three-dimensional simplified LNG carrier model,including two prismatic liquid tanks and a wave tank,was introduced.Different conditions were examined corresponding to different wave lengths,wave heights,wave heading angles,and tank loading rates.Finally,the effects of liquid tank loading rate on LNG ship motions and sloshing loading were analyzed,thereby showing that the SPH method can effectively provide useful indications for the design of liquid cargo ships.

Influence of Angiotensin II on α1-Adrenergic Receptors Function in Rat Aorta and Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main mediator of the Renin-Angiotensin-System acting on AT1 and other AT receptors. It is regarded as a pleiotropic agent that induces many actions, including functioning as a growth factor, and as a contractile hormone, among others. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of Ang II on the expression and function of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) in cultured rat aorta, and aorta-derived smooth muscle cells. Isolated Wistar rat aorta was incubated for 24 h in DMEM at 37˚C, then subjected to isometric tension and to the action of added norepinephrine, in concentration-response curves. Ang II was added (1 × 10−5 M), and in some experiments, 5-Methylurapidil (α1A-AR antagonist), AH11110A (α1B-AR antagonist), or BMY-7378 (α1D-AR antagonist), were used to identify the α1-AR involved in the response. Desensitization of the contractile response to norepinephrine was observed due to incubation time, and by the Ang II action. α1D-AR was protected from desensitization by BMY-7378;while RS-100329 and prazosin partially mitigated desensitization. In another set of experiments, isolated aorta-derived smooth muscle cells were exposed to Ang II and α1-ARs proteins were evaluated. α1D-AR increased at 30 and 60 min post Ang II exposure, the α1A-AR diminished from 1 to 4 h, while α1B-AR remained unchanged over 24 h of Ang II exposure. Ang II induced an increase of α1D-AR at short times, and BMY-7378 protected α1D-AR from desensitization.

Sizing of Energy Storage Systems for Output Smoothing of Renewable Energy Systems

光伏、风力发电等可再生能源（renewable energysources，RESs）具有随机性、间歇性等特点。为了抑制RESs输出波动对电网的不利影响，提出了用于平滑RESs发电系统功率输出的储能系统（energy storage system，ESS）容量优化确定方法。利用离散傅里叶变换（discrete Fouriertransform，DFT）对RESs输出功率进行频谱分析，基于频谱分析结果，考虑ESS充放电效率、荷电状态（stateofcharge，soc）及RESs发电系统目标功率输出波动率的约束，确定所需ESS最小容量。采用美国华盛顿州实际观测风速数据及日本东北电力公司风电场接入电网20rnin有功功率波动规范（最大波动率为10％），在一风力发电系统中对该方法进行了验证。算例结果表明采用该方法能够以较小的容量将风机输出最大波动率由61．7％降到9．9％。

基于Savitzky-Golay平滑-小波降噪处理的桥梁结构监测数据分析方法

桥梁结构健康监测源信号数据存在毛刺、噪声及异常值等复杂情况,对信号数据分析、桥梁结构状态评估结果产生巨大偏差。本文提出了解决桥梁结构监测数据处理中复杂问题的系统性方法。首先,通过对比研究Savitzky-Golay(SG)滤波与信号平滑方法,并评价各方法的适用性;然后,基于复合评价指标量化选出最优小波基函数及最佳小波分解尺度;最后,采用卡尔曼滤波对同一监测项目的4个应变计数据进行融合,并用Monte Carlo仿真进行验证。研究表明,本文提出的SG平滑-小波降噪方法,可为桥梁健康监测数据处理提供较为全面、系统的参考。

SMOOTHING NEWTON ALGORITHM FOR THE CIRCULAR CONE PROGRAMMING WITH A NONMONOTONE LINE SEARCH

In this paper, we present a nonmonotone smoothing Newton algorithm for solving the circular cone programming(CCP) problem in which a linear function is minimized or maximized over the intersection of an affine space with the circular cone. Based on the relationship between the circular cone and the second-order cone(SOC), we reformulate the CCP problem as the second-order cone problem(SOCP). By extending the nonmonotone line search for unconstrained optimization to the CCP, a nonmonotone smoothing Newton method is proposed for solving the CCP. Under suitable assumptions, the proposed algorithm is shown to be globally and locally quadratically convergent. Some preliminary numerical results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for solving the CCP.

EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF FUNCTIONAL-COEFFICIENT REGRESSION MODELS WITH DIFFERENT SMOOTHING VARIABLES

In this article,a procedure for estimating the coefficient functions on the functional-coefficient regression models with different smoothing variables in different coefficient functions is defined.First step,by the local linear technique and the averaged method,the initial estimates of the coefficient functions are given.Second step,based on the initial estimates,the efficient estimates of the coefficient functions are proposed by a one-step back-fitting procedure.The efficient estimators share the same asymptotic normalities as the local linear estimators for the functional-coefficient models with a single smoothing variable in different functions.Two simulated examples show that the procedure is effective.

An Empirical Study of Good-Turing Smoothing for Language Models on Different Size Corpora of Chinese

Data sparseness has been an inherited issue of statistical language models and smoothing method is usually used to resolve the zero count problems. In this paper, we studied empirically and analyzed the well-known smoothing methods of Good-Turing and advanced Good-Turing for language models on large sizes Chinese corpus. In the paper, ten models are generated sequentially on various size of corpus, from 30 M to 300 M Chinese words of CGW corpus. In our experiments, the smoothing methods;Good-Turing and Advanced Good-Turing smoothing are evaluated on inside testing and outside testing. Based on experiments results, we analyzed further the trends of perplexity of smoothing methods, which are useful for employing the effective smoothing methods to alleviate the issue of data sparseness on various sizes of language models. Finally, some helpful observations are described in detail.

Mesh Smoothing Method Based on Local Wave Analysis

As the mesh models usually contain noise data,it is necessary to eliminate the noises and smooth the mesh.But existed methods always lose geometric features during the smoothing process.Hence,the noise is considered as a kind of random signal with high frequency,and then the mesh model smoothing is operated with signal processing theory.Local wave analysis is used to deal with geometric signal,and then a novel mesh smoothing method based on the local wave is proposed.The proposed method includes following steps：Firstly,analyze the principle of local wave decomposition for 1D signal,and expand it to 2D signal and 3D spherical surface signal processing;Secondly,map the mesh to the spherical surface with parameterization,resample the spherical mesh and decompose the spherical signals by local wave analysis;Thirdly,propose the coordinate smoothing and radical radius smoothing methods,the former filters the mesh points＇ coordinates by local wave,and the latter filters the radical radius from their geometric center to mesh points by local wave;Finally,remove the high-frequency component of spherical signal,and obtain the smooth mesh model with inversely mapping from the spherical signal.Several mesh models with Gaussian noise are processed by local wave based method and other compared methods.The results show that local wave based method can obtain better smoothing performance,and reserve more original geometric features at the same time.

ANALYTICAL SMOOTHING EFFECT OF SOLUTION FOR THE BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS

In this article, we study the analytical smoothing effect of Cauchy problem for the incompressible Boussinesq equations. Precisely, we use the Fourier method to prove that the Sobolev H^1 -solution to the incompressible Boussinesq equations in periodic domain is analytic for any positive time. So the incompressible Boussinesq equations admit exactly same smoothing effect properties of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.

ANALYSIS ON CODE MULTIPATH MITIGATION BY PHASE-AIDED SMOOTHING

Multipath influence on code range under static condition is described firstly in this paper, and the problem that to what extent the phase-aided smoothing can mitigate multipath interference is detailed. Some problems regarding smoothing and mitigation are discussed. Suggestions based on the analysis has been made.

EXTENSION OF SMOOTHING FUNCTIONS TO SYMMETRIC CONE COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS

The paper uses Euclidean Jordan algebras as a basic tool to extend smoothing functions, which include the Chen-Mangasarian class and the Fischer-Burmeister smoothing functions, to symmetric cone complementarity problems. Computable formulas for these functions and their Jacobians are derived. In addition, it is shown that these functions are Lipschitz continuous with respect to parameter # and continuously differentiable on J × J for any μ 〉 0.