Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Multi-Parameters Optimization of Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Applied to Rapid Analysis of Soil Cr Content of Pearl River Delta

Using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression, the rapid reagent-free analysis model for chromium (Cr) content in tideland reclamation soil in the Pearl River Delta, China was established. Based on Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing and PLS regression, a multi-parameters optimization platform (SG-PLS) covering 264 modes was constructed to select the appropriately spectral preprocessing mode. The optimal SG-PLS model was determined according to the prediction effect. The selected optimal parameters d, p, m and LV were 2, 6, 23 and 8, respectively. Using the validation samples that were not involved in modeling, the root mean square error (SEPV), relative root mean square error (R-SEPV) and correlation coefficients (RP, V) of prediction were 11.66 mg·kg-1, 10.7% and 0.722, respectively. The results indicated that the feasibility of using Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with SG-PLS method to analyze soil Cr content. The constructed multi-parameters optimization platform with SG-PLS is expected to be applied to a wider field of analysis. The rapid detection method has important application values to large-scale agricultural production.

Savitzky-Golay平滑结合多元散射校正应用于甲醛固定的深静脉血栓红外光谱数据预处理

为探究甲醛固定血栓样品红外光谱数据的最优预处理方案,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,采集经甲醛固定的大鼠深静脉血栓组织红外光谱数据,选择偏最小二乘回归法建立红外光谱分析机器学习模型,测试Savitzky-Golay(S-G)平滑、基线校正、多元散射校正、标准正态变化、矢量标准化等常用的光谱预处理方式对光谱数据的处理效能。结果显示,大鼠深静脉血栓组织红外光谱的最优预处理方案为先采用S-G平滑,再进行多元散射校正,其中S-G平滑最佳参数组合是阶数为2、项数为3、点数为17。预处理后预测决定系数(R_(p)^(2))为0.948,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.486 d,模型预测能力较原始光谱显著提升。

自适应加权Savitzky-Golay滤波的轴承早期故障特征提取

轴承早期故障特征通常不明显,且受复杂工况和外源振动等因素影响,易被外部噪声干扰。Savitzky-Golay滤波器的高计算效率和固有特征保留能力,非常适用于低信噪比条件下的故障特征提取,但目前参数选取标准鲁棒性不高限制了其工程应用。针对轴承早期故障特征提取问题,文章提出了一种自适应加权Savitzky-Golay滤波的故障提取方法。首先,给出了S-G滤波的参数自适应选择顺序。其次,结合S-G滤波器结构特点,确定了基于窗长的进行自适应权重分配框架。最后,通过实验验证,验证了自适应参数优选和加权处理后的S-G滤波能准确高效地获取低信噪比条件下的轴承早期故障特征。

An Innovative Coupled Common-Node Discrete Element Method-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model Developed with LS-DYNA and Its Applications

In this study,a common-node DEM-SPH coupling model based on the shared node method is proposed,and a fluid–structure coupling method using the common-node discrete element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(DS-SPH)method is developed using LS-DYNA software.The DEM and SPH are established on the same node to create common-node DEM-SPH particles,allowing for fluid–structure interactions.Numerical simulations of various scenarios,including water entry of a rigid sphere,dam-break propagation over wet beds,impact on an ice plate floating on water and ice accumulation on offshore structures,are conducted.The interaction between DS particles and SPH fluid and the crack generation mechanism and expansion characteristics of the ice plate under the interaction of structure and fluid are also studied.The results are compared with available data to verify the proposed coupling method.Notably,the simulation results demonstrated that controlling the cutoff pressure of internal SPH particles could effectively control particle splashing during ice crushing failure.

一种基于Savitzky-Golay滤波的物理层密钥生成方法

物理层密钥生成技术使得节点能够利用无线信道的物理特性直接生成共享密钥,从而保证无线通信过程的安全性。针对当前物理层密钥生成方案普遍存在实际场景下密钥生成率低的问题,提出了一个基于Savitzky-Golay滤波的物理层密钥生成机制优化方案。该方案中,合法通信节点首先探测信道并通过Savitzky-Golay滤波消除部分由信道干扰造成的信道状态差异,然后,利用多级量化以及格雷码将信道状态转为比特序列,最终通过Cascade交互式信息协调协议以及基于2阶全域哈希函数的保密增强生成合法节点之间的共享密钥。实验结果表明,基于Savitzky-Golay滤波的优化方案能够有效提高物理层密钥生成过程的效率,提高了此类安全机制的实际可用性。

A modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics method considering residual stress for simulating failure and its application in layered rock mass

Residual strength is an indispensable factor in evaluating rock fracture,yet the current Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework rarely considers its influence when simulating fracture.An improved cracking strategy considering residual stress in the base bond SPH method was proposed to simulate failures in layered rocks and slopes and verified by experimental results and other simulation methods(i.e.,the discrete element method).Modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion was applied to distinguish the mixed failure of tensile and shear.Bond fracture markψwas introduced to improve the kernel function after tensile damage,and the calculation of residual stress after the damage was derived after shear damage.Numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate its performance under different stress and scale conditions and to verify its effectiveness in realistically reproducing crack initiation and propagation and coalescence,even fracture and separation.The results indicate that the improved cracking strategy precisely captures the fracture and failure pattern in layered rocks and rock slopes.The residual stress of brittle tock is correctly captured by the improved SPH method.The improved SPH method that considers residual strength shows an approximately 13%improvement in accuracy for the safety factor of anti-dip layered slopes compared to the method that does not consider residual strength,as validated against analytical solutions.We infer that the improved SPH method is effective and shows promise for applications to continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

A Dual Domain Robust Reversible Watermarking Algorithm for Frame Grouping Videos Using Scene Smoothness

The proposed robust reversible watermarking algorithm addresses the compatibility challenges between robustness and reversibility in existing video watermarking techniques by leveraging scene smoothness for frame grouping videos.Grounded in the H.264 video coding standard,the algorithm first employs traditional robust watermark stitching technology to embed watermark information in the low-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel.Subsequently,it utilizes histogram migration techniques in the high-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel to embed auxiliary information,enabling successful watermark extraction and lossless recovery of the original video content.Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s strong imperceptibility,with each embedded frame in the experimental videos achieving a mean peak signal-to-noise ratio of 49.3830 dB and a mean structural similarity of 0.9996.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 7.59%and 0.4%on average.At the same time,the proposed algorithm has strong robustness to both offline and online attacks:In the face of offline attacks,the average normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.9989,and the average bit error rate is 0.0089.In the face of online attacks,the normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.8840,and the mean bit error rate is 0.2269.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 1.27%and 18.16%on average,highlighting the algorithm’s robustness.Furthermore,the algorithm exhibits low computational complexity,with the mean encoding and the mean decoding time differentials during experimental video processing being 3.934 and 2.273 s,respectively,underscoring its practical utility.

Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of Ship Motion and Tank Sloshing under the Effect of Regular Waves

Predicting the response of liquefied natural gas(LNG)contained in vessels subjected to external waves is extremely important to ensure the safety of the transportation process.In this study,the coupled behavior due to ship motion and liquid tank sloshing has been simulated by the Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)method.Firstly,the sloshing flow in a rectangular tank was simulated and the related loads were analyzed to verify and validate the accuracy of the present SPH solver.Then,a three-dimensional simplified LNG carrier model,including two prismatic liquid tanks and a wave tank,was introduced.Different conditions were examined corresponding to different wave lengths,wave heights,wave heading angles,and tank loading rates.Finally,the effects of liquid tank loading rate on LNG ship motions and sloshing loading were analyzed,thereby showing that the SPH method can effectively provide useful indications for the design of liquid cargo ships.

Influence of Angiotensin II on α1-Adrenergic Receptors Function in Rat Aorta and Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main mediator of the Renin-Angiotensin-System acting on AT1 and other AT receptors. It is regarded as a pleiotropic agent that induces many actions, including functioning as a growth factor, and as a contractile hormone, among others. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of Ang II on the expression and function of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) in cultured rat aorta, and aorta-derived smooth muscle cells. Isolated Wistar rat aorta was incubated for 24 h in DMEM at 37˚C, then subjected to isometric tension and to the action of added norepinephrine, in concentration-response curves. Ang II was added (1 × 10−5 M), and in some experiments, 5-Methylurapidil (α1A-AR antagonist), AH11110A (α1B-AR antagonist), or BMY-7378 (α1D-AR antagonist), were used to identify the α1-AR involved in the response. Desensitization of the contractile response to norepinephrine was observed due to incubation time, and by the Ang II action. α1D-AR was protected from desensitization by BMY-7378;while RS-100329 and prazosin partially mitigated desensitization. In another set of experiments, isolated aorta-derived smooth muscle cells were exposed to Ang II and α1-ARs proteins were evaluated. α1D-AR increased at 30 and 60 min post Ang II exposure, the α1A-AR diminished from 1 to 4 h, while α1B-AR remained unchanged over 24 h of Ang II exposure. Ang II induced an increase of α1D-AR at short times, and BMY-7378 protected α1D-AR from desensitization.

A flexible multiscale algorithm based on an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for complex viscoelastic flows

Viscoelastic flows play an important role in numerous engineering fields,and the multiscale algorithms for simulating viscoelastic flows have received significant attention in order to deepen our understanding of the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic fluids.However,traditional grid-based multiscale methods are confined to simple viscoelastic flows with short relaxation time,and there is a lack of uniform multiscale scheme available for coupling different solvers in the simulations of viscoelastic fluids.In this paper,a universal multiscale method coupling an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)and multiscale universal interface(MUI)library is presented for viscoelastic flows.The proposed multiscale method builds on an improved SPH method and leverages the MUI library to facilitate the exchange of information among different solvers in the overlapping domain.We test the capability and flexibility of the presented multiscale method to deal with complex viscoelastic flows by solving different multiscale problems of viscoelastic flows.In the first example,the simulation of a viscoelastic Poiseuille flow is carried out by two coupled improved SPH methods with different spatial resolutions.The effects of exchanging different physical quantities on the numerical results in both the upper and lower domains are also investigated as well as the absolute errors in the overlapping domain.In the second example,the complex Wannier flow with different Weissenberg numbers is further simulated by two improved SPH methods and coupling the improved SPH method and the dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)method.The numerical results show that the physical quantities for viscoelastic flows obtained by the presented multiscale method are in consistence with those obtained by a single solver in the overlapping domain.Moreover,transferring different physical quantities has an important effect on the numerical results.

血糖近红外光谱分析的Savitzky-Golay平滑模式与偏最小二乘法因子数的联合优选

利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和光谱Savitzky-Golay(SG)平滑方法,建立血清葡萄糖近红外光谱分析的优化模型。基于最优单波数模型的预测效果,提出划分校正集和验证集的一种新方法。采用10000～5300cm-1和4920～4160cm-1的组合波段,光谱经过SG平滑处理,利用PLS方法建立定标预测模型。将平滑点数扩充为5,7,…,87(奇数),多项式次数扩充为n=2,3,4,5,6,得到包含582个平滑模式的14个平滑系数表。对所有平滑模式和PLS因子数(1～40)分别建立PLS模型。按照预测效果进行优选,得到最优SG平滑模式为1阶导数平滑,3、4次多项式类型,SG平滑点数为53,最优PLS因子数为7,最优RMSEP达到0.376mmol/L。所采用的划分校正集和验证集的方法、SG平滑模式的扩充、SG平滑模式和PLS因子数的联合大范围筛选能够有效地应用于近红外光谱分析的模型优化。

关于smooth群的两个重要结果

证明了强smooth群与smooth群是等价的,简化了smooth群理论;验证了以模糊相等作为模糊等价关系将smooth群元素分类后所得到的商集在模糊运算诱导的运算下做成群.

基于Savitzky-Golay算法的图像平滑去噪

提出了采用Savitzky-Golay算法进行图像平滑滤波的新方法。能够通过设定多项式的取值范围和阶数求出平滑滤波的优化模板进行滤波,且该模板与图像本身的数据无关。仿真结果表明,与传统平滑滤波算法相比,利用Savitzky-Golay滤波算法的平滑滤波保留了更多的图像边缘细节,使滤波效果得到了一定的改善。

半Smooth格

该文引入半Smooth格和半Smooth代数格的概念,讨论它们的一些基本性质及与半连续格的关系,证明了完备格L是半Smooth格和半连续格当且仅当L是完全分配格.

基于奇异值分解和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的信号降噪方法

为降低信号中噪声的干扰,将奇异值分解(SVD)理论和Savitzky-Golay滤波器相结合提出了一种新的降噪方法。该方法首先分析了信号负熵随信噪比变化的规律,而后通过将负熵作为降噪效果的评估参数,确定了SVD降噪过程中构造的Hankel矩阵的最优维数;其次采用Savitzky-Golay滤波器对用于重构信号的奇异值进行了平滑滤波处理,并分析了Savitzky-Golay滤波器结构对降噪效果的影响,最后通过定义误差函数确定了Savitzky-Golay滤波器的最优结构。将该方法应用于线性调频信号和多成分周期信号的降噪实验,结果表明:基于SVD和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的降噪方法能有效降低噪声干扰,是一种有效的信号降噪方法。

优化Savitzky-Golay滤波器的参数及其在傅里叶变换红外气体光谱数据平滑预处理中的应用

对傅里叶变换中红外光谱数据的平滑预处理中,通常采用Savitzky-Golay滤波器的方法进行光谱数据的平滑预处理,然而Savitzky-Golay滤波器的多项式拟合阶次和窗宽等参数的合理选则始终是一个难题,并无统一的选择依据,通常在一定数值范围内,采用多组数据进行遍历尝试,最终选择一组相对较优的数据作为Savitzky-Golay滤波器的多项式拟合阶次和窗宽参数。文中探索了Savitzky-Golay滤波器的多项式拟合阶次和窗宽等参数的优化选取这一问题,并对其主要频率指标参数与多项式拟合阶次和窗宽等参数进行了定性定量分析,得出了截至频率、阻带起始点频率、第一旁瓣峰值频率及第一旁瓣峰值幅度与窗宽和阶次之间具体的计算方程表达式。随后,根据采集的中红外气体组分的光谱数据特征,依据上述计算方程式,优化计算选取多项式拟合阶次和窗宽分别为8和11时,其Savitzky-Golay滤波器的中红外气体组分的光谱数据平滑效果最优。最后通过实际采集的0.1%,0.2%,0.5%,1%,2%,5%浓度的CH_4光谱数据进行平滑预处理,在次吸收峰区域,原始光谱的折算吸光率相对最大误差和最小误差分别为17.230 5%和0.243 0%,平滑处理后的光谱的折算吸光率相对最大误差和最小误差分别为0.088 0%和0.020 6%。可见经过Savitzky-Golay滤波器进行所探索的光谱数据预处理之后其相对误差基本稳定,并且相对较低,为后期光谱数据的准确定性和定量分析奠定了基础。

Savitzky-Golay滤波器最优参数的SPR信号分析

表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)谱因共振强度、共振位置等不同而呈现不同的幅度和峰宽,需要发展自适应的分析方法才能保证SPR共振峰的精确定位。提出了一种基于Savitzky-Golay滤波器最优参数的SPR谱滤波方法,可根据实时SPR谱的特点优化滤波器参数(拟合阶数和窗宽),使滤波后光谱的均方误差(mean squared error,MSE)的Stein’s无偏风险估计(Stein’s unbiased risk estimate,SURE)最小,采用Monte-Carlo算法实现了SURE的快速求解。经验证,在不同的噪声水平下,SURE都可以准确反映实际MSE趋势及结果。采用搭建的SPR系统,实验测量了不同浓度、不同积分时间下蔗糖溶液的SPR信号,用提出的最优参数对SPR信号进行滤波,结果表明,与固定参数相比,该方法确定的SPR共振峰位置重复性误差较小,且不随噪声的增大而增大。

Smooth正规子群

MustafaDemirci在文[2]及[3]中分别引入了smooth群与smooth子群的概念,本文在此基础上给出了smooth正规子群及其ε-商群的定义,并通过smooth同余得到smooth正规子群的一个刻画。

一种产生Fuzzy拓扑和Smooth拓扑的方法及其应用

利用邻域度给出了 1种由 fuzzy拓扑产生 smooth拓扑的方法 ;利用 smooth拓扑的自身结构给出了 smooth拓扑产生 fuzzy拓扑的方法 ,讨论了它们在映射间的联系并引入了强

Reservoir information extraction using a fractional Fourier transform and a smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution

Currently, it is difficult for people to express signal information simultaneously in the time and frequency domains when analyzing acoustic logging signals using a simple-time or frequency-domain method. It is difficult to use a single type of time-frequency analysis method, which affects the feasibility of acoustic logging signal analysis. In order to solve these problems, in this paper, a fractional Fourier transform and smooth pseudo Wigner Ville distribution （SPWD） were combined and used to analyze array acoustic logging signals. The time-frequency distribution of signals with the variation of orders of fractional Fourier transform was obtained, and the characteristics of the time-frequency distribution of different reservoirs under different orders were summarized. Because of the rotational characteristics of the fractional Fourier transform, the rotation speed of the cross terms was faster than those of primary waves, shear waves, Stoneley waves, and pseudo Rayleigh waves. By choosing different orders for different reservoirs according to the actual circumstances, the cross terms were separated from the four kinds of waves. In this manner, we could extract reservoir information by studying the characteristics of partial waves. Actual logging data showed that the method outlined in this paper greatly weakened cross-term interference and enhanced the ability to identify partial wave signals.