Scale effect removal and range migration correction for hypersonic target coherent detection

The detection of hypersonic targets usually confronts range migration(RM)issue before coherent integration(CI).The traditional methods aiming at correcting RM to obtain CI mainly considers the narrow-band radar condition.However,with the increasing requirement of far-range detection,the time bandwidth product,which is corresponding to radar’s mean power,should be promoted in actual application.Thus,the echo signal generates the scale effect(SE)at large time bandwidth product situation,influencing the intra and inter pulse integration performance.To eliminate SE and correct RM,this paper proposes an effective algorithm,i.e.,scaled location rotation transform(ScLRT).The ScLRT can remove SE to obtain the matching pulse compression(PC)as well as correct RM to complete CI via the location rotation transform,being implemented by seeking the actual rotation angle.Compared to the traditional coherent detection algorithms,Sc LRT can address the SE problem to achieve better detection/estimation capabilities.At last,this paper gives several simulations to assess the viability of ScLRT.

Performance Improvement of Kenaf/Glass Polymer Hybrid Composites by Effective Application of Fish Scale Powder as Filler:A Novel Approach

Modern technology for developing new items made from renewable resources is becoming more and more popular as a result of rising environmental concern.Recently,contemporary polymer composites have included the hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic ones,along with the inclusion of a variety of biowaste filler for developing sustainable goods.In this work,the kenaf/glass hybrid polyester composites are strengthened by the addition of fish scale(FS),which is taken from the fishs outermost layer of skin.Five different stacked-order laminates,such as KKKK,KGKG,GKKG,KGGK,and GGGG,are fabricated by using the hand lay-up method with four different weight concentrations of filler content:0%,5%,10%,and 15%.Mechanical possessions such as tensile,flexural,impact strength and micro-hardness have been evaluated through experimentation in accordance with ASTM standards.The experimental findings revealed that,the tensile strength and micro-hardness value of KGKG laminates with 15wt% of FS filler are found to be maximum of 118.72 MPa and 17.82 HV respectively which are 39.67%and 26.11%greater than that of KGKG laminates without FS filler.However,the flexural and impact strength of same laminates with 10 wt% FS filler exhibited a maximum value of 142.77 MPa and 62.08 kJ/m^(2).In order to corroborate its applicability for structural and building materials in open environment,the dimensional stability of the composite has been studied through moisture absorption test.The influences of FS filler loading on dimensional stability and resistance to moisture absorption capacity of laminates are also investigated.The experimental results reflected that the addition of FS-filler has significantly improved the dimensional stability of the laminates in moist environment by reducing the moisture absorption tendency.To further support the mode of failures,a fractography investigation of fractured surfaces was conducted.

Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

Scale dependence of forest fragmentation and its climate sensitivity in a semi-arid mountain:Comparing Landsat,Sentinel and Google Earth data

Landscape fragmentation is generally viewed as an indicator of environmental stresses or risks,but the fragmentation intensity assessment also depends on the scale of data and the definition of spatial unit.This study aimed to explore the scale-dependence of forest fragmentation intensity along a moisture gradient in Yinshan Mountain of North China,and to estimate environmental sensitivity of forest fragmentation in this semi-arid landscape.We developed an automatic classification algorithm using simple linear iterative clustering(SLIC)and Gaussian mixture model(GMM),and extracted tree canopy patches from Google Earth images(GEI),with an accuracy of 89.2%in the study area.Then we convert the tree canopy patches to forest category according to definition of forest that tree density greater than 10%,and compared it with forest categories from global land use datasets,FROM-GLC10 and GlobeLand30,with spatial resolutions of 10 m and 30 m,respectively.We found that the FROM-GLC10 and GlobeLand30 datasets underestimated the forest area in Yinshan Mountain by 16.88%and 21.06%,respectively;and the ratio of open forest(OF,10%<tree coverage<40%)to closed forest(CF,tree coverage>40%)areas in the underestimated part was 2:1.The underestimations concentrated in warmer and drier areas occupied mostly by large coverage of OFs with severely fragmented canopies.Fragmentation intensity of canopies positively correlated with spring temperature while negatively correlated with summer precipitation and terrain slope.When summer precipitation was less than 300 mm or spring temperature higher than 4℃,canopy fragmentation intensity rose drastically,while the forest area percentage kept stable.Our study suggested that the spatial configuration,e.g.,sparseness,is more sensitive to drought stress than area percentage.This highlights the importance of data resolution and proper fragmentation measurements for forest patterns and environmental interpretation,which is the base of reliable ecosystem predictions with regard to the future climate scenarios.

A sub-grid scale model for Burgers turbulence based on the artificial neural network method

The present study proposes a sub-grid scale model for the one-dimensional Burgers turbulence based on the neuralnetwork and deep learning method.The filtered data of the direct numerical simulation is used to establish thetraining data set,the validation data set,and the test data set.The artificial neural network(ANN)methodand Back Propagation method are employed to train parameters in the ANN.The developed ANN is applied toconstruct the sub-grid scale model for the large eddy simulation of the Burgers turbulence in the one-dimensionalspace.The proposed model well predicts the time correlation and the space correlation of the Burgers turbulence.

Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.

A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network with Hierarchical Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Image Classification

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in image classification tasks, but their increasing model size and computation make them challenging to implement on embedded systems with constrained hardware resources. To address this issue, the MobileNetV1 network was developed, which employs depthwise convolution to reduce network complexity. MobileNetV1 employs a stride of 2 in several convolutional layers to decrease the spatial resolution of feature maps, thereby lowering computational costs. However, this stride setting can lead to a loss of spatial information, particularly affecting the detection and representation of smaller objects or finer details in images. To maintain the trade-off between complexity and model performance, a lightweight convolutional neural network with hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion based on the MobileNetV1 network is proposed. The network consists of two main subnetworks. The first subnetwork uses a depthwise dilated separable convolution (DDSC) layer to learn imaging features with fewer parameters, which results in a lightweight and computationally inexpensive network. Furthermore, depthwise dilated convolution in DDSC layer effectively expands the field of view of filters, allowing them to incorporate a larger context. The second subnetwork is a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion (HMFF) module that uses parallel multi-resolution branches architecture to process the input feature map in order to extract the multi-scale feature information of the input image. Experimental results on the CIFAR-10, Malaria, and KvasirV1 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient, reducing the network parameters and computational cost by 65.02% and 39.78%, respectively, while maintaining the network performance compared to the MobileNetV1 baseline.

基于多尺度Scale-Unet的单样本图像翻译

随着生成对抗网络(GAN)的发展,基于单样本的无监督图像到图像翻译(UI2I)取得了重大进展。然而,以前方法无法捕获图像中的复杂纹理并保留原始内容信息。为解决这个问题,提出了一种基于尺度可变U-Net结构(Scale—Unet)的新型单样本图像翻译结构SUGAN。所提出的SUGAN使用Scale—Unet作为生成器,利用多尺度结构和渐进方法不断改进网络结构,以从粗到细地学习图像特征。同时,提出了尺度像素损失scale-pixel来更好地约束保留原始内容信息,防止信息丢失。实验表明,与SinGAN、TuiGAN、TSIT、StyTR2等公共数据集Summer■Winter、Horse■Zebra上的方法相比,该方法生成图像的SIFID值平均降低了30%。所提方法可更好地保留图像内容信息,同时生成详细逼真的高质量图像。

基于多层次特征融合的Transformer人脸识别方法

卷积神经网络中的卷积操作只能捕获局部信息,而Transformer能保留更多的空间信息且能建立图像的长距离连接.在视觉领域的应用中,Transformer缺乏灵活的图像尺寸及特征尺度适应能力,通过利用层级式网络增强不同尺度建模的灵活性,且引入多尺度特征融合模块丰富特征信息.本文提出了一种基于改进的Swin Transformer人脸模型——Swin Face模型.Swin Face以Swin Transformer为骨干网络,引入多层次特征融合模块,增强了模型对人脸的特征表达能力,并使用联合损失函数优化策略设计人脸识别分类器,实现人脸识别.实验结果表明,与多种人脸识别方法相比,Swin Face模型通过使用分级特征融合网络,在LFW、CALFW、AgeDB-30、CFP数据集上均取得最优的效果,验证了此模型具有良好的泛化性和鲁棒性.

多尺度局部特征和Transformer全局学习融合的发动机剩余寿命预测

飞机发动机剩余寿命(Remaining useful life,RUL)的准确预测对确保其安全性和可靠性至关重要.在基于多传感器检测数据预测时,需解决局部特征提取问题以全面捕捉设备在不同时间尺度下的退化趋势,并需解决时间序列中各元素之间长期依赖性的全局学习问题.因此,提出了结合多尺度局部特征增强单元(Multi-sacle local feature enhancement unit,MSLFU_BLOCK)和Transformer编码器的预测模型,称之为MS_Transformer.MSLFU_BLOCK利用堆叠的因果卷积逐层从时间序列数据中提取多尺度局部信息,同时避免了传统卷积计算中固有的未来数据泄漏问题.随后,Transformer编码器通过其自注意机制进一步捕获时间序列数据中的短期和长期依赖关系.通过将多尺度局部特征增强单元与Transformer编码器相结合,提出的MS_Transformer全面捕捉了时间序列数据中的局部和全局模式.在广泛使用的CMAPSS基准数据集上进行的消融和预测实验验证了模型的合理性和有效性.与13个先进预测模型的比较分析表明,MS_Transformer模型在操作条件更复杂的FD002和FD004数据集上的RMSE和Score指标优于其他模型,同时在四个数据集上的平均性能最优.该研究为发动机剩余寿命预测提供了更为可靠的解决方案.

Microfluidic field strategy for enhancement and scale up of liquid-liquid homogeneous chemical processes by optimization of 3D spiral baffle structure

Due to the scale effect, the uniform distribution of reagents in continuous flow reactor becomes bad when the channel is enlarged to tens of millimeters. Microfluidic field strategy was proposed to produce high mixing efficiency in large-scale channel. A 3D spiral baffle structure(3SBS) was designed and optimized to form microfluidic field disturbed by continuous secondary flow in millimeter scale Y-shaped tube mixer(YSTM). Enhancement effect of the 3SBS in liquid-liquid homogeneous chemical processes was verified and evaluated through the combination of simulation and experiment. Compared with 1 mm YSTM, 10 mm YSTM with 3SBS increased the treatment capacity by 100 times, shortened the basic complete mixing time by 0.85 times, which proves the potential of microfluidic field strategy in enhancement and scale-up of liquid-liquid homogeneous chemical process.

结合沙漏注意力与渐进式混合Transformer的图像分类方法

Transformer在图像分类任务中具有广泛应用,但在小数据集分类任务中,Transformer受到数据量较少、模型参数量过大等因素的影响,导致分类精度低、收敛速度缓慢。本文提出了一种融合沙漏注意力的渐进式混合Transformer模型。首先,通过下-上采样的沙漏自注意力建模全局特征关系,利用上采样补充下采样操作丢失的信息,同时采用可学习温度参数和负对角掩码锐化注意力的分数分布,避免因层数过多产生过度平滑的现象;其次,设计渐进式下采样模块获得细粒度多尺度特征图,有效捕获低维特征信息;最后,使用混合架构,在顶层阶段使用设计的沙漏注意力,底层阶段使用池化层替代注意力模块,并引入带有深度卷积的层归一化,增加网络局部性。所提方法在T-ImageNet、CIFAR10、CIFAR100、SVHN数据集上进行实验,分类精度可以达到97.42%,计算量和参数量分别为3.41G和25M。实验结果表明,与对比算法相比,该方法的分类精度有明显提升,计算量和参数量有明显降低,提高了Transformer模型在小数据集上的性能表现。

Multi-Panel Extra-Large Scale MIMO Based Joint Activity Detection and Channel Estimation for Near-Field Massive IoT Access

The extra-large scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)for the beyond fifth/sixth generation mobile communications is a promising technology to provide Tbps data transmission and stable access service.However,the extremely large antenna array aperture arouses the channel near-field effect,resulting in the deteriorated data rate and other challenges in the practice communication systems.Meanwhile,multi-panel MIMO technology has attracted extensive attention due to its flexible configuration,low hardware cost,and wider coverage.By combining the XL-MIMO and multi-panel array structure,we construct multi-panel XL-MIMO and apply it to massive Internet of Things(IoT)access.First,we model the multi-panel XL-MIMO-based near-field channels for massive IoT access scenarios,where the electromagnetic waves corresponding to different panels have different angles of arrival/departure(AoAs/AoDs).Then,by exploiting the sparsity of the near-field massive IoT access channels,we formulate a compressed sensing based joint active user detection(AUD)and channel estimation(CE)problem which is solved by AMP-EM-MMV algorithm.The simulation results exhibit the superiority of the AMP-EM-MMV based joint AUD and CE scheme over the baseline algorithms.

基于边缘辅助和多尺度Transformer的无参考屏幕内容图像质量评估

与从现实场景中拍摄的自然图像不同,屏幕内容图像是一种合成图像,通常由计算机生成的文本、图形和动画等各种多媒体形式组合而成.现有评估方法通常未能充分考虑图像边缘结构信息和全局上下文信息对屏幕内容图像质量感知的影响.为解决上述问题,本文提出一种基于边缘辅助和多尺度Transformer的无参考屏幕内容图像质量评估模型.首先,使用高斯拉普拉斯算子构造由失真屏幕内容图像高频信息组成的边缘结构图,然后通过卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)对输入的失真屏幕内容图像和相应的边缘结构图进行多尺度的特征提取与融合,以图像的边缘结构信息为模型训练提供额外的信息增益.此外,本文进一步构建了基于Transformer的多尺度特征编码模块,从而在CNN获得的局部特征基础上更好地建模不同尺度图像和边缘特征的全局上下文信息.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在指标上优于其他现有的无参考和全参考屏幕内容图像质量评估方法,能够取得更高的主客观视觉感知一致性.

多尺度融合卷积的轻量化Transformer无人机地物识别模型

Transformer模型性能优越,但其巨大的参数量不适合资源受限的无人机遥感任务。为此,提出一种用于无人机遥感图像的多尺度融合卷积的轻量化Transformer模型,通过设计三种优化策略来提高精度以及减少参数量。首先,设计了一种轻量级多尺度融合卷积方法,补充Transformer丢失的块内空间信息,从而有效提取多尺度上的粗、细粒度特征表示。其次,设计了多尺度缩减键值序列的方式,优化Transformer中的自注意力计算。最后,设计了轻量级的MLP解码器,进一步减少模型参数量。在Vaihingen和Potsdam数据集上与一些主流模型进行了对比实验,结果表明,所提模型的F 1值和交并比均有所提升。同时,在Potsdam数据集上准确度提升0.29%,参数量比双分支网络STransFuse减少18%。

Data envelopment analysis for scale elasticity measurement in the stochastic case:with an application to Indian banking

In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature,scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways:using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model.This evaluation becomes problematic in several situations,for example(a)when input proportions change in the long run,(b)when inputs are heterogeneous,and(c)when firms face ex-ante price uncertainty in making their production decisions.To address these situations,a scale elasticity evaluation was performed using a value-based cost efficiency model.However,this alternative value-based scale elasticity evaluation is sensitive to the uncertainty and variability underlying input and output data.Therefore,in this study,we introduce a stochastic cost-efficiency model based on chance-constrained programming to develop a value-based measure of the scale elasticity of firms facing data uncertainty.An illustrative empirical application to the Indian banking industry comprising 71 banks for eight years(1998–2005)was made to compare inferences about their efficiency and scale properties.The key findings are as follows:First,both the deterministic model and our proposed stochastic model yield distinctly different results concerning the efficiency and scale elasticity scores at various tolerance levels of chance constraints.However,both models yield the same results at a tolerance level of 0.5,implying that the deterministic model is a special case of the stochastic model in that it reveals the same efficiency and returns to scale characterizations of banks.Second,the stochastic model generates higher efficiency scores for inefficient banks than its deterministic counterpart.Third,public banks exhibit higher efficiency than private and foreign banks.Finally,public and old private banks mostly exhibit either decreasing or constant returns to scale,whereas foreign and new private banks experience either increasing or decreasing returns to scale.Although the application of our proposed stochastic model is illustrative,it can be potentially applied to all firms in the information and distribution-intensive industry with high fixed costs,which have ample potential for reaping scale and scope benefits.

Hierarchical pattern recognition of landform elements considering scale adaptation

Landform elements with varying morphologies and spatial arrangements are recognized as feature indicator of landform classification and play a critical role in geomorphological studies.Differential geometry method has been extensively applied in prior landform element research,while its efficacy in differentiating similar morphological characteristics remains inadequate to date.To reduce reliance on geomorphometric variables and increase awareness of landform patterns,geomorphons method was generated in previous study corresponding to specific landform reclassification map based on lookup table.Besides,to address the problem of feature similarity,hierarchical classification was proposed and effectively utilized for terrain recognition through the analytical strategy of fuzzy gradient features.Thus,combining the advantages of these two aspects,a hierarchical framework was proposed in this study for landform element pattern recognition considering the morphology and hierarchy factors.First,the local triplet patterns derived from geomorphons were enhanced by setting the flatness threshold,and subsequently adopted for the primary landform element recognition.Then,as geomorphic units with the same morphology possess different spatial analytical scales,the unidentified landform elements under the principle of scale adaptation were determined by calculating the spatial correlation and entropy information.To ensure the effectiveness of this proposed method,the sampling points were randomly selected from NASADEM data and then validated against a real 3D terrain model.Quantitative results of landform element pattern recognition demonstrate that our approach can reach above 77%average accuracy.Additionally,it delineates local details more effectively than geomorphons in visual assessment,resulting in a 7%accuracy improvement in overall scale.

Validation of LPD Scale for the Assessment of Pressure Ulcer at Home

Objectives: This study was designed to test and validate the new LPD scale in a home care setting. The specific objectives are to validate the LPD scale for subjects cared for at home;and to compare LPD to the Braden scale for internal validity. Method: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in the domestic environment of subjects cared for Home Care services from North to South of Italy. Data collection lasted 8 months, between June 2018 and September 2020, and consisted of the simultaneous compilation of the new LPD, and the Braden scale. Home Care Expert nurses could interface with the recruited subjects and/or caregivers. The parameters considered to validate the new scale were sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values (PPV), odds ratio (OR), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Of the 679 recruited subjects, 63.2% were women, and more than 50% did not have a pressure ulcer. 48.2% of the sample aged over 85 years old;69% was affected by multiple disease, and 76.6% took a lot of drugs. 91.6% of the subjects were affected by a partial or total functional dependency. Around 50% of subjects presented double incontinence, and 43% were conscious and collaborated. 85.4% of subjects lived in a healthy environment. The predictive validity parameters showed: Se 77.25%, Sp 84.04%, PPV 91.37%, and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.88% with a confidence interval (CI) 95%. These values mean a moderately accuracy of the test. Conclusions: The new LPD scale has demonstrated a good capacity for identifying the subjects at risk of pressure ulcer and had a better discriminatory power rather than Braden scale.

Growth performance and scale insect infestation of Shorea leprosula in a common garden experimental plot

Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change.Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level,including using suitable species with favourable traits.However,there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree species.An experimental common garden of Shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting success.Seedlings of S.leprosula were collected from nine geographical forest reserves.To study the effects of genetic variation,seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block design.From performance data collected 2017‒2019,one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth,significantly higher than most of the other populations.Interestingly,this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect infestation.This study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in S.leprosula and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp species.It lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.

改进Segformer的前列腺超声图像语义分割算法

前列腺超声图像在临床中的准确分割对后续诊断具有重要影响。因此,通过深度学习辅助实现前列腺边界的快速、准确分割非常必要。为此,文中提出了一种改进的前列腺分割网络(DA-Segformer)。利用Transformer、深监督和注意力机制,快速准确地分割前列腺超声图像。引入MAG模块提高网络对特征图和像素关联性的理解能力,以及对前景像素的敏感度。采用深监督策略,在解码过程中引入损失函数,优化梯度传播,增强网络对关键特征的学习表征能力。实验结果显示,在前列腺超声图像数据集上,DA-Segformer模型的mIoU、Dice系数、准确率和召回率等指标均优于其他主流语义分割模型。该方法有效解决了前列腺超声图像手工分割的难题,为临床诊断提供了有价值的计算机辅助工具。