Spectral matching algorithm based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform and scale-invariant feature transform

A new spectral matching algorithm is proposed by us- ing nonsubsampled contourlet transform and scale-invariant fea- ture transform. The nonsubsampled contourlet transform is used to decompose an image into a low frequency image and several high frequency images, and the scale-invariant feature transform is employed to extract feature points from the low frequency im- age. A proximity matrix is constructed for the feature points of two related images. By singular value decomposition of the proximity matrix, a matching matrix （or matching result） reflecting the match- ing degree among feature points is obtained. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce time complexity and possess a higher accuracy.

Mosaic of the Curved Human Retinal Images Based on the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform

To meet the needs in the fundus examination,including outlook widening,pathology tracking,etc.,this paper describes a robust feature-based method for fully-automatic mosaic of the curved human retinal images photographed by a fundus microscope. The kernel of this new algorithm is the scale-,rotation-and illumination-invariant interest point detector & feature descriptor-Scale-Invariant Feature Transform. When matched interest points according to second-nearest-neighbor strategy,the parameters of the model are estimated using the correct matches of the interest points,extracted by a new inlier identification scheme based on Sampson distance from putative sets. In order to preserve image features,bilinear warping and multi-band blending techniques are used to create panoramic retinal images. Experiments show that the proposed method works well with rejection error in 0.3 pixels,even for those cases where the retinal images without discernable vascular structure in contrast to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Point Cloud Classification Using Content-Based Transformer via Clustering in Feature Space

Recently, there have been some attempts of Transformer in 3D point cloud classification. In order to reduce computations, most existing methods focus on local spatial attention,but ignore their content and fail to establish relationships between distant but relevant points. To overcome the limitation of local spatial attention, we propose a point content-based Transformer architecture, called PointConT for short. It exploits the locality of points in the feature space(content-based), which clusters the sampled points with similar features into the same class and computes the self-attention within each class, thus enabling an effective trade-off between capturing long-range dependencies and computational complexity. We further introduce an inception feature aggregator for point cloud classification, which uses parallel structures to aggregate high-frequency and low-frequency information in each branch separately. Extensive experiments show that our PointConT model achieves a remarkable performance on point cloud shape classification. Especially, our method exhibits 90.3% Top-1 accuracy on the hardest setting of ScanObjectN N. Source code of this paper is available at https://github.com/yahuiliu99/PointC onT.

Olive Leaf Disease Detection via Wavelet Transform and Feature Fusion of Pre-Trained Deep Learning Models

Olive trees are susceptible to a variety of diseases that can cause significant crop damage and economic losses.Early detection of these diseases is essential for effective management.We propose a novel transformed wavelet,feature-fused,pre-trained deep learning model for detecting olive leaf diseases.The proposed model combines wavelet transforms with pre-trained deep-learning models to extract discriminative features from olive leaf images.The model has four main phases:preprocessing using data augmentation,three-level wavelet transformation,learning using pre-trained deep learning models,and a fused deep learning model.In the preprocessing phase,the image dataset is augmented using techniques such as resizing,rescaling,flipping,rotation,zooming,and contrasting.In wavelet transformation,the augmented images are decomposed into three frequency levels.Three pre-trained deep learning models,EfficientNet-B7,DenseNet-201,and ResNet-152-V2,are used in the learning phase.The models were trained using the approximate images of the third-level sub-band of the wavelet transform.In the fused phase,the fused model consists of a merge layer,three dense layers,and two dropout layers.The proposed model was evaluated using a dataset of images of healthy and infected olive leaves.It achieved an accuracy of 99.72%in the diagnosis of olive leaf diseases,which exceeds the accuracy of other methods reported in the literature.This finding suggests that our proposed method is a promising tool for the early detection of olive leaf diseases.

Digital watermarking algorithm based on scale-invariant feature regions in non-subsampled contourlet transform domain

Contraposing the need of the robust digital watermark for the copyright protection field, a new digital watermarking algorithm in the non-subsampled contourlet transform （NSCT） domain is proposed. The largest energy sub-band after NSCT is selected to embed watermark. The watermark is embedded into scaleinvariant feature transform （SIFT） regions. During embedding, the initial region is divided into some cirque sub-regions with the same area, and each watermark bit is embedded into one sub-region. Extensive simulation results and comparisons show that the algorithm gets a good trade-off of invisibility, robustness and capacity, thus obtaining good quality of the image while being able to effectively resist common image processing, and geometric and combo attacks, and normalized similarity is almost all reached.

Fast uniform content-based satellite image registration using the scale-invariant feature transform descriptor

基于内容的卫星图像配准是在遥感和图像处理领域的一大难题。受照度、旋转、来源差异的影响,该问题在多源遥感图像匹配中更为突出。尺度不变特征变换(scale-invariant feature transform,SIFT)算法是一种成功应用于卫星图像配准的算法。本地SIFT描述符被许多研究者应用于改进图像检索流程。尽管SIFT算法具有良好的稳定性,它在提取多源遥感中本地特征点的质量和数量上仍然具有一定的劣势。另外,SIFT算法提取的本地特征具有较高维度,导致计算过程耗时过长以及对保存相关信息的储存空间要求过高,而这两点也是在基于内容图像检索(content-based image retrieval,CBIR)的相关应用中的重要因素。本文介绍了一种在多源遥感中将本地SIFT特征转变为全局特征的新方法。通过在预处理阶段对图像进行对比度均衡化来提升SIFT本地特征点质量和数量。将参考数据库中每副图像的本地特征单独分为一类后,采用线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)方法将本地SIFT特征转变为全局特征,同时不为降低特征空间的维度。该方法可以显著减少计算时间和所需存储空间。将核函数应用于检定数据并映射,所测试特征点的检索率高达91.67%。

A Weakly-Supervised Crowd Density Estimation Method Based on Two-Stage Linear Feature Calibration

In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation metrics.In this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised information.For this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the network.Specifically,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd images.In addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density estimation.The experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++.

Attention Guided Multi Scale Feature Fusion Network for Automatic Prostate Segmentation

The precise and automatic segmentation of prostate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)images is vital for assisting doctors in diagnosing prostate diseases.In recent years,many advanced methods have been applied to prostate segmentation,but due to the variability caused by prostate diseases,automatic segmentation of the prostate presents significant challenges.In this paper,we propose an attention-guided multi-scale feature fusion network(AGMSF-Net)to segment prostate MRI images.We propose an attention mechanism for extracting multi-scale features,and introduce a 3D transformer module to enhance global feature representation by adding it during the transition phase from encoder to decoder.In the decoder stage,a feature fusion module is proposed to obtain global context information.We evaluate our model on MRI images of the prostate acquired from a local hospital.The relative volume difference(RVD)and dice similarity coefficient(DSC)between the results of automatic prostate segmentation and ground truth were 1.21%and 93.68%,respectively.To quantitatively evaluate prostate volume on MRI,which is of significant clinical significance,we propose a unique AGMSF-Net.The essential performance evaluation and validation experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method in automatic prostate segmentation.

Algorithm Based on Morphological Component Analysis and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform for Image Registration

In this paper, we proposed a registration method by combining the morphological component analysis(MCA) and scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT) algorithm. This method uses the perception dictionaries,and combines the Basis-Pursuit algorithm and the Total-Variation regularization scheme to extract the cartoon part containing basic geometrical information from the original image, and is stable and unsusceptible to noise interference. Then a smaller number of the distinctive key points will be obtained by using the SIFT algorithm based on the cartoon part of the original image. Matching the key points by the constrained Euclidean distance,we will obtain a more correct and robust matching result. The experimental results show that the geometrical transform parameters inferred by the matched key points based on MCA+SIFT registration method are more exact than the ones based on the direct SIFT algorithm.

CFM-UNet:A Joint CNN and Transformer Network via Cross Feature Modulation for Remote Sensing Images Segmentation

The semantic segmentation methods based on CNN have made great progress,but there are still some shortcomings in the application of remote sensing images segmentation,such as the small receptive field can not effectively capture global context.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a hybrid model based on ResNet50 and swin transformer to directly capture long-range dependence,which fuses features through Cross Feature Modulation Module(CFMM).Experimental results on two publicly available datasets,Vaihingen and Potsdam,are mIoU of 70.27%and 76.63%,respectively.Thus,CFM-UNet can maintain a high segmentation performance compared with other competitive networks.

Dual-Path Vision Transformer用于急性缺血性脑卒中辅助诊断

急性缺血性脑卒中是由于脑组织血液供应障碍导致的脑功能障碍,数字减影脑血管造影(DSA)是诊断脑血管疾病的金标准。基于患者的正面和侧面DSA图像,对急性缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果进行分级评估,构建基于Vision Transformer的双路径图像分类智能模型DPVF。为了提高辅助诊断速度,基于EdgeViT的轻量化设计思想进行了模型的构建;为了使模型保持轻量化的同时具有较高的精度,提出空间-通道自注意力模块,促进Transformer模型捕获更全面的特征信息,提高模型的表达能力;此外,对于DPVF的两分支的特征融合,构建交叉注意力模块对两分支输出进行交叉融合,促使模型提取更丰富的特征,从而提高模型表现。实验结果显示DPVF在测试集上的准确率达98.5%,满足实际需求。

基于Transformer和自适应特征融合的矿井低照度图像亮度提升和细节增强方法

高质量矿井影像为矿山安全生产提供保障,也有利于提高后续图像分析技术的性能。矿井影像受低照度环境的影响,易出现亮度低,照度不均,颜色失真,细节信息丢失严重等问题。针对上述问题,提出一种基于Transformer和自适应特征融合的矿井低照度图像亮度提升和细节增强方法。基于生成对抗思想搭建生成对抗式主体模型框架,使用目标图像域而非单一参考图像驱动判别器监督生成器的训练,实现对低照度图像的充分增强;基于特征表示学习理论搭建特征编码器,将图像解耦为亮度分量和反射分量,避免图像增强过程中亮度与颜色特征相互影响从而导致颜色失真问题;设计CEM-Transformer Encoder通过捕获全局上下文关系和提取局部区域特征,能够充分提升整体图像亮度并消除局部区域照度不均;在反射分量增强过程中,使用结合CEM-Cross-Transformer Encoder的跳跃连接将低级特征与深层网络处特征进行自适应融合,能够有效避免细节特征丢失,并在编码网络中添加ECA-Net,提高浅层网络的特征提取效率。制作矿井低照度图像数据集为矿井低照度图像增强任务提供数据资源。试验显示,在矿井低照度图像数据集和公共数据集中,与5种先进的低照度图像增强算法相比,该算法增强图像的质量指标PSNR、SSIM、VIF平均提高了16.564%,10.998%,16.226%和14.438%,10.888%,14.948%,证明该算法能够有效提升整体图像亮度,消除照度不均,避免颜色失真和细节丢失,实现矿井低照度图像增强。

CNN-Transformer特征融合多目标跟踪算法

在卷积神经网络(CNN)中,卷积运算能高效地提取目标的局部特征,却难以捕获全局表示;而在视觉Transformer中,注意力机制可以捕获长距离的特征依赖,但会忽略局部特征细节。针对以上问题,提出一种基于CNN-Transformer双分支主干网络进行特征提取和融合的多目标跟踪算法CTMOT(CNN-transformer multi-object tracking)。使用基于CNN和Transformer双分支并行的主干网络分别提取图像的局部和全局特征。使用双向桥接模块(two-way braidge module,TBM)对两种特征进行充分融合。将融合后的特征输入两组并行的解码器进行处理。将解码器输出的检测框和跟踪框进行匹配,完成多目标跟踪任务。在多目标跟踪数据集MOT17、MOT20、KITTI以及UADETRAC上进行评估,CTMOT算法的MOTP和IDs指标在四个数据集上均达到了SOTA效果,MOTA指标分别达到了76.4%、66.3%、92.36%和88.57%,在MOT数据集上与SOTA方法效果相当,在KITTI数据集上达到SOTA效果。由于同时完成目标检测和关联,能够端到端进行目标跟踪,跟踪速度可达35 FPS,表明CTMOT算法在跟踪的实时性和准确性上达到了较好的平衡,具有较大潜力。

基于多层次特征融合的Transformer人脸识别方法

卷积神经网络中的卷积操作只能捕获局部信息,而Transformer能保留更多的空间信息且能建立图像的长距离连接.在视觉领域的应用中,Transformer缺乏灵活的图像尺寸及特征尺度适应能力,通过利用层级式网络增强不同尺度建模的灵活性,且引入多尺度特征融合模块丰富特征信息.本文提出了一种基于改进的Swin Transformer人脸模型——Swin Face模型.Swin Face以Swin Transformer为骨干网络,引入多层次特征融合模块,增强了模型对人脸的特征表达能力,并使用联合损失函数优化策略设计人脸识别分类器,实现人脸识别.实验结果表明,与多种人脸识别方法相比,Swin Face模型通过使用分级特征融合网络,在LFW、CALFW、AgeDB-30、CFP数据集上均取得最优的效果,验证了此模型具有良好的泛化性和鲁棒性.

基于Transformer和动态3D卷积的多源遥感图像分类

多源遥感数据具有互补性和协同性,近年来,基于深度学习的方法已经在多源遥感图像分类中取得了一定进展,但当前方法仍面临关键难题,如多源遥感图像特征表达不一致,融合困难,基于静态推理范式的神经网络缺乏对不同类别地物的适应性。为解决上述问题,提出了基于跨模态Transformer和多尺度动态3D卷积的多源遥感图像分类模型。为提高多源特征表达的一致性,设计了基于Transformer的融合模块,借助其强大的注意力建模能力挖掘高光谱和LiDAR数据特征之间的相互作用;为提高特征提取方法对不同地物类别的适应性,设计了多尺度动态3D卷积模块,将输入特征的多尺度信息融入卷积核的调制,提高卷积操作对不同地物的适应性。采用多源遥感数据集Houston和Trento对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明:所提方法在Houston和Trento数据集上总体准确率分别达到94.60%和98.21%,相比MGA-MFN等主流方法,总体准确率分别至少提升0.97%和0.25%,验证了所提方法可有效提升多源遥感图像分类的准确率。

考虑特征重组与改进Transformer的风电功率短期日前预测方法

短期日前风电功率预测对电力系统调度计划制定有重要意义,该文为提高风电功率预测的准确性,提出了一种基于Transformer的预测模型Powerformer。模型通过因果注意力机制挖掘序列的时序依赖;通过去平稳化模块优化因果注意力以提高数据本身的可预测性;通过设计趋势增强和周期增强模块提高模型的预测能力;通过改进解码器的多头注意力层,使模型提取周期特征和趋势特征。该文首先对风电数据进行预处理,采用完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)将风电数据序列分解为不同频率的本征模态函数并计算其样本熵,使得风电功率序列重组为周期序列和趋势序列,然后将序列输入到Powerformer模型,实现对风电功率短期日前准确预测。结果表明,虽然训练时间长于已有预测模型,但Poweformer模型预测精度得到提升;同时,消融实验结果验证了模型各模块的必要性和有效性,具有一定的应用价值。

结合坐标Transformer的轻量级人体姿态估计算法

针对现有的大多数自底向上人体姿态估计算法存在模型规模大、计算成本高及对边缘设备不友好等问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv5s6-Pose的轻量级多人姿态估计网络模型YOLOv5s6-Pose-CT。该模型在颈部网络中引入空间和通道重建卷积,以减少空间和通道维度上的特征冗余。同时,提出了一种坐标Transformer嵌入于主干网络中,使模型专注于长距离依赖和拥有高效的局部特征提取能力。其次,通过使用无偏特征位置对齐来解决多尺度融合过程中出现的特征错位问题。最后,使用损失函数MPDIoU对边界框的回归损失重新定义。在COCO 2017数据集上的实验结果表明,本文优化的网络模型与主流的轻量级网络EfficientHRNet-H1模型相比,在保持相同精度的同时,参数量和计算量分别减少16.2%和66.1%。相比于基准模型YOLOv5s6-Pose,参数量减少11.2%,计算量降低5.8%,平均检测精度和平均召回率分别提升2.5%和2.6%。

结合视觉Transformer和CNN的道路裂缝检测方法

提出了一种结合视觉Transformer和CNN的道路裂缝检测方法。利用CNN来捕获局部的细节信息,同时利用视觉Transformer来捕获全局特征。通过设计的Fusion特征融合模块将两者提取的特征有机地结合在一起,从而解决了单独使用CNN或视觉Transformer方法存在的局限。最终将结果传递至交互式解码器,生成道路裂缝的检测结果。实验结果表明,无论是在公开的数据集上还是在自建的数据集上,相较于单独使用CNN或视觉Transformer的方法,所提出的方法在道路裂缝检测任务中有更好的效果。

融合Transformer和交互注意力网络的方面级情感分类模型

现有的大多数研究者使用循环神经网络与注意力机制相结合的方法进行方面级情感分类任务。然而,循环神经网络不能并行计算,并且模型在训练过程中会出现截断的反向传播、梯度消失和梯度爆炸等问题,传统的注意力机制可能会给句子中重要情感词分配较低的注意力权重。针对上述问题,该文提出了一种融合Transformer和交互注意力网络的方面级情感分类模型。首先利用BERT(bidirectional encoder representation from Transformers)预训练模型来构造词嵌入向量,然后使用Transformer编码器对输入的句子进行并行编码,接着使用上下文动态掩码和上下文动态权重机制来关注与特定方面词有重要语义关系的局部上下文信息。最后在5个英文数据集和4个中文评论数据集上的实验结果表明,该文所提模型在准确率和F1上均表现最优。

引入Transformer的道路小目标检测

针对道路场景中检测小目标时漏检率较高、检测精度低的问题,提出一种引入Transformer的道路小目标检测算法。在原YOLOv4算法基础上,对多尺度检测进行改进,把浅层特征信息充分利用起来;设计ICvT(improved convolutional vision transformer)模块捕获特征内部的相关性,获得上下文信息,提取更加全面丰富的特征;在网络特征融合部分嵌入改进后的空间金字塔池化模块,在保持较小计算量的同时增加特征图的感受野。实验结果表明,在KITTI数据集上,算法检测精度达到91.97%,与YOLOv4算法相比,mAP提高了2.53%,降低了小目标的漏检率。