This research explores the question of how the three production factors, capital, labor, and land may impact the current level of cotton output on the Harran Plain, a major cotton production area in Turkey. The object...This research explores the question of how the three production factors, capital, labor, and land may impact the current level of cotton output on the Harran Plain, a major cotton production area in Turkey. The objective of this paper is to estimate a Translog production function and compare the results to those from a Cobb-Douglas specification. Nested tests we performed resulted in the conclusion that the constant returns to scale, weak separability and Cobb-Douglas hypotheses are all satisfied. Thus the Cobb-Douglas specification is a superior functional form yielding results more robust than those from the translog model. Dwelling on Cobb-Douglas estimation results, farm size is found the most influential variable determining cotton output, followed by the variable representing capital as the second influential. Results also demonstrate that the returns-to-scale parameter calculated for this sample is not statistically different from unity, suggesting that cotton production technology in this region exhibits constant returns to scale. This result is consistent with current literature findings that render support to an inverse relationship between farm size and productivity in developing countries.展开更多
Most of the quantization based watermarking algorithms are very sensitive to valumetric distortions, while these distortions are regarded as common processing in audio/video analysis. In recent years, watermarking met...Most of the quantization based watermarking algorithms are very sensitive to valumetric distortions, while these distortions are regarded as common processing in audio/video analysis. In recent years, watermarking methods which can resist this kind of distortions have attracted a lot of interests. But still many proposed methods can only deal with one certain kind of valumetric distortion such as amplitude scaling attack, and fail in other kinds of valumetric distortions like constant change attack, gamma correction or contrast stretching. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective method to tackle all the three kinds of valumetric distortions. This algorithm constructs an invariant domain first by spread transform which satisfies certain constraints. Then an amplitude scale invariant watermarking scheme is applied on the constructed domain. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by applying the watermarking scheme to Gaussian host data and real images. Experimental results confirm its intrinsic invariance against amplitude scaling, constant change attack and robustness improvement against nonlinear valumetric distortions.展开更多
文摘This research explores the question of how the three production factors, capital, labor, and land may impact the current level of cotton output on the Harran Plain, a major cotton production area in Turkey. The objective of this paper is to estimate a Translog production function and compare the results to those from a Cobb-Douglas specification. Nested tests we performed resulted in the conclusion that the constant returns to scale, weak separability and Cobb-Douglas hypotheses are all satisfied. Thus the Cobb-Douglas specification is a superior functional form yielding results more robust than those from the translog model. Dwelling on Cobb-Douglas estimation results, farm size is found the most influential variable determining cotton output, followed by the variable representing capital as the second influential. Results also demonstrate that the returns-to-scale parameter calculated for this sample is not statistically different from unity, suggesting that cotton production technology in this region exhibits constant returns to scale. This result is consistent with current literature findings that render support to an inverse relationship between farm size and productivity in developing countries.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.61303262 and U1536120)
文摘Most of the quantization based watermarking algorithms are very sensitive to valumetric distortions, while these distortions are regarded as common processing in audio/video analysis. In recent years, watermarking methods which can resist this kind of distortions have attracted a lot of interests. But still many proposed methods can only deal with one certain kind of valumetric distortion such as amplitude scaling attack, and fail in other kinds of valumetric distortions like constant change attack, gamma correction or contrast stretching. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective method to tackle all the three kinds of valumetric distortions. This algorithm constructs an invariant domain first by spread transform which satisfies certain constraints. Then an amplitude scale invariant watermarking scheme is applied on the constructed domain. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by applying the watermarking scheme to Gaussian host data and real images. Experimental results confirm its intrinsic invariance against amplitude scaling, constant change attack and robustness improvement against nonlinear valumetric distortions.
