The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to spec...The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits.The carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.Despite this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability.At present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,China.Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows.Subsequently,E.faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection.Results showed that E.faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented S.enterica colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory capacity.Therefore,E.faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.展开更多
Photocatalytic solar energy conversion to hydrogen is sustainable and attractive for addressing the global energy and environmental issue. Herein, a novel photocatalytic system (NiS/Ni3S4 cocatalysts modified mesoporo...Photocatalytic solar energy conversion to hydrogen is sustainable and attractive for addressing the global energy and environmental issue. Herein, a novel photocatalytic system (NiS/Ni3S4 cocatalysts modified mesoporous TiO2) with superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability through the synergistic impact of NiS/Ni3S4 (NiSx) cocatalyst and efficient hole scavenger has been demonstrated. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of TiO2-NiSx hybrids with the different content of NiSx and upon different organic hole scavengers was both investigated. The hybrid of TiO2 decorated with 3%(mole ratio of Ni^2+) NiSx cocatalyst in methanol solution showed the optimal photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 981.59 μmol h^-1 g^-1 which was about 20 times higher than that of bare mesoporous TiO2. Our results suggested that the boosted hydrogen production performance is attributed to both the improved photoinduced electrons migration between NiS and Ni3S4 in cocatalyst and the high hole captured efficiency by hole scavengers of methanol.展开更多
According to the relationship between symbol and meaning in semiotics,this paper analyzes the symbolic meaning of the imaginary son and the meaning of killing him in Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?,and concl...According to the relationship between symbol and meaning in semiotics,this paper analyzes the symbolic meaning of the imaginary son and the meaning of killing him in Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?,and concludes that killing the imaginary son is the only way to escape the bondage of rigid social morality and come back to the reality.展开更多
The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and t...The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.展开更多
AIM: There is increasing evidence that alcohol-induced liverdamage may be associated with increased oxidative stress.We aimed to investigate free-radical scavenger effect of n-acetylcysteine in rats intragastrically f...AIM: There is increasing evidence that alcohol-induced liverdamage may be associated with increased oxidative stress.We aimed to investigate free-radical scavenger effect of n-acetylcysteine in rats intragastrically fed with ethanol.METHODS: Twenty-four rats divided into three groups werefed with ethanol (6 g/kg/day, Group 1), ethanol and n-acetylcysteine (1 g/kg, Group 2), or isocaloric dextrose(control group, Group 3) for 4 weeks. Then animals weresacrificed under ether anesthesia, intracardiac blood andliver tissues were obtained. Measurements were performedboth in serum and in homogenized liver tissues.Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by TBARSmethod. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) levels were studied by commercial kits.Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: ALT and AST in Group 1 (154 U/Land 302 U/L,respectively) were higher than those in Group 2 (94 U/L and155 U/L) and Group 3 (99 U/L and 168 U/L) (P＝0.001 forboth). Serum and tissue levels of MDA in Group 1 (1.84 nmol/mL and 96 nmol/100 mg-protein) were higher than Group 2(0.91 nmol/mL and 64 nmol/100 mg-protein) and Group 3(0.94 nmol/mL and 49 nmol/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001 forboth). On the other hand, serum GSH-Px level in Group 1(8.21 U/g-Hb) was lower than Group 2 (16 U/g-Hb) andGroup 3 (16 U/g-Hb) (P＜0.001). Serum and liver tissue levelsof SOD in Group 1 (11 U/mL and 26 U/100 mg-protein)were lower than Group 2 (18 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein)and Group 3 (20 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001for both).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ethanol-induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress,and co-administration of n-acetylcysteine attenuates thisdamage effectively in rat model.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of primary non-function(PNF)of grafted liver in the early postoperative stage is 2%-23%[1-4],its main cause is the ischemic-rechemic injure[5,6].In this experiment,anisodamine was added into ...INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of primary non-function(PNF)of grafted liver in the early postoperative stage is 2%-23%[1-4],its main cause is the ischemic-rechemic injure[5,6].In this experiment,anisodamine was added into the preserving fluid and the grafted liver was rewarmed at different temperatures to protect the cell membranc and prevent ischemic-reperfusive injury.展开更多
Long Day' s Journey into Night is one of Eugene O' Neill' s (1888-1953) masterpieces, who is a great American playwright and called the father of modern American drama. This thesis aims at the analysis of ...Long Day' s Journey into Night is one of Eugene O' Neill' s (1888-1953) masterpieces, who is a great American playwright and called the father of modern American drama. This thesis aims at the analysis of the contradictions in family members in the play. The first part analyzes the contradictions between wife and husband. The second part focuses on the contradictory relationship in parents and sons. The contradictions between brothers are discussed in the third part. Through the study of the causes of the contradictory relationship among family members, the tragedy of the characters in the play will be explored to the readers, which is also the tragedy of modern Ameri can people.展开更多
In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H_(2)S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time.The mu...In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H_(2)S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time.The mud formulation,containing the spent palm oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase,respectively,was stabilized by Span 80 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant as primary and secondary emulsifiers,respectively,while hydrophobic zinc nanoparticles(NPs)were used as weighting agent.The results showed that H_(2)S scavenging capacity at the breakthrough time reached 182.4 g H_(2)S/barrel mud,which increased to 417.9 g H_(2)S/barrel mud at the saturation time,demonstrating the effective H_(2)S scavenging performance of the formulated mud.The spent palm oil-based mud(SPOBM)also showed a good flow behavior that could be well fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson models.The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the SPOBM has been investigated,and the fitting of the viscosity-temperature data provided an estimate of the activation energy as 23.53 kJ/mol.The findings reported in this article reveal the feasibility of transforming the spent/waste cooking oils into a valuable commodity for formulating greener drilling fluids with acceptable rheology and excellent H_(2)S scavenging performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601602)Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090023)Beijing Wildlife Rescue Center,China。
文摘The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits.The carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.Despite this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability.At present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,China.Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows.Subsequently,E.faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection.Results showed that E.faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented S.enterica colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory capacity.Therefore,E.faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21501137)the Hubei Natural Science Foundation for financial support(2018CFB680)Support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)through ARC Discovery projects(DP130102699,DP 130102274,DP160102627)
文摘Photocatalytic solar energy conversion to hydrogen is sustainable and attractive for addressing the global energy and environmental issue. Herein, a novel photocatalytic system (NiS/Ni3S4 cocatalysts modified mesoporous TiO2) with superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability through the synergistic impact of NiS/Ni3S4 (NiSx) cocatalyst and efficient hole scavenger has been demonstrated. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of TiO2-NiSx hybrids with the different content of NiSx and upon different organic hole scavengers was both investigated. The hybrid of TiO2 decorated with 3%(mole ratio of Ni^2+) NiSx cocatalyst in methanol solution showed the optimal photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 981.59 μmol h^-1 g^-1 which was about 20 times higher than that of bare mesoporous TiO2. Our results suggested that the boosted hydrogen production performance is attributed to both the improved photoinduced electrons migration between NiS and Ni3S4 in cocatalyst and the high hole captured efficiency by hole scavengers of methanol.
文摘According to the relationship between symbol and meaning in semiotics,this paper analyzes the symbolic meaning of the imaginary son and the meaning of killing him in Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?,and concludes that killing the imaginary son is the only way to escape the bondage of rigid social morality and come back to the reality.
文摘The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.
基金the research Fund of the University of Istanbul.No: T-589/240698
文摘AIM: There is increasing evidence that alcohol-induced liverdamage may be associated with increased oxidative stress.We aimed to investigate free-radical scavenger effect of n-acetylcysteine in rats intragastrically fed with ethanol.METHODS: Twenty-four rats divided into three groups werefed with ethanol (6 g/kg/day, Group 1), ethanol and n-acetylcysteine (1 g/kg, Group 2), or isocaloric dextrose(control group, Group 3) for 4 weeks. Then animals weresacrificed under ether anesthesia, intracardiac blood andliver tissues were obtained. Measurements were performedboth in serum and in homogenized liver tissues.Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by TBARSmethod. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) levels were studied by commercial kits.Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: ALT and AST in Group 1 (154 U/Land 302 U/L,respectively) were higher than those in Group 2 (94 U/L and155 U/L) and Group 3 (99 U/L and 168 U/L) (P＝0.001 forboth). Serum and tissue levels of MDA in Group 1 (1.84 nmol/mL and 96 nmol/100 mg-protein) were higher than Group 2(0.91 nmol/mL and 64 nmol/100 mg-protein) and Group 3(0.94 nmol/mL and 49 nmol/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001 forboth). On the other hand, serum GSH-Px level in Group 1(8.21 U/g-Hb) was lower than Group 2 (16 U/g-Hb) andGroup 3 (16 U/g-Hb) (P＜0.001). Serum and liver tissue levelsof SOD in Group 1 (11 U/mL and 26 U/100 mg-protein)were lower than Group 2 (18 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein)and Group 3 (20 U/mL and 60 U/100 mg-protein) (P＜0.001for both).CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ethanol-induced liver damage is associated with oxidative stress,and co-administration of n-acetylcysteine attenuates thisdamage effectively in rat model.
基金the Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province,No.962280
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of primary non-function(PNF)of grafted liver in the early postoperative stage is 2%-23%[1-4],its main cause is the ischemic-rechemic injure[5,6].In this experiment,anisodamine was added into the preserving fluid and the grafted liver was rewarmed at different temperatures to protect the cell membranc and prevent ischemic-reperfusive injury.
文摘Long Day' s Journey into Night is one of Eugene O' Neill' s (1888-1953) masterpieces, who is a great American playwright and called the father of modern American drama. This thesis aims at the analysis of the contradictions in family members in the play. The first part analyzes the contradictions between wife and husband. The second part focuses on the contradictory relationship in parents and sons. The contradictions between brothers are discussed in the third part. Through the study of the causes of the contradictory relationship among family members, the tragedy of the characters in the play will be explored to the readers, which is also the tragedy of modern Ameri can people.
基金supported by the Deanship of Research Oversight and Coordination(DROC)at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(KFUPM)in terms of Research Grant#DF191027.
文摘In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H_(2)S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time.The mud formulation,containing the spent palm oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase,respectively,was stabilized by Span 80 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant as primary and secondary emulsifiers,respectively,while hydrophobic zinc nanoparticles(NPs)were used as weighting agent.The results showed that H_(2)S scavenging capacity at the breakthrough time reached 182.4 g H_(2)S/barrel mud,which increased to 417.9 g H_(2)S/barrel mud at the saturation time,demonstrating the effective H_(2)S scavenging performance of the formulated mud.The spent palm oil-based mud(SPOBM)also showed a good flow behavior that could be well fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson models.The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the SPOBM has been investigated,and the fitting of the viscosity-temperature data provided an estimate of the activation energy as 23.53 kJ/mol.The findings reported in this article reveal the feasibility of transforming the spent/waste cooking oils into a valuable commodity for formulating greener drilling fluids with acceptable rheology and excellent H_(2)S scavenging performance.
