基于数据流的K-S变化检测的动态多目标规划算法

为了更加准确地判断环境是否发生变化并快速追踪动态多目标规划问题(dynamicmulti-objectiveoptimization problem,DMOP)当前时刻的Pareto前沿,提出了一种基于数据流的Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)变化检测的动态多目标规划(DSK-SDMOP)算法。该算法以NSGA-Ⅱ为基础,通过数据流建立2个时刻的检验窗口,再利用K-S检验基于数据流的Pareto最优前沿是否发生变化,检测2个窗口的数据是否服从同一分布来判断环境是否发生变化,并就环境变化的剧烈程度实行相应的应答机制,以提高对环境的适应程度。利用基于数据流的K-S检测方法,对环境变化不会过于敏感,而且不用提前假设对应目标值的分布,易于操作。通过5个动态多目标规划标准测试函数对该算法进行测试,并和现有的2种算法进行对比分析,结果表明该算法处理动态多目标规划问题具有良好的性能。

Comparison of the SchirmerⅠtest with and without topical anesthesia for diagnosing dry eye

·AIM:To determine the value of Schirmer Ⅰtest (SⅠt) without anesthesia and with topical anesthesia for diagnosing dry eye (DE). ·METHODS:Totally 220 eyes in 110 patients, male (44) and female (66), (39.56±12.67) years old diagnosed with DE were examined. SⅠt without anesthesia was performed firstly, and 15 minutes later, it was applied again in the same person after topical anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops. The wetting strips counted <10mm per 5 minutes were defined positive, while ≤5mm per 5 minutes were defined strong positive. ·RESULTS:The wetting length in SⅠt after topical anesthesia was significantly lower than that in SⅠt without anesthesia(P < 0.001). The positive rate and strong positive rate of SⅠt after topical anesthesia were significantly higher than that of SⅠt without anesthesia (P <0.001). The positive rate and strong positive rate of SⅠt without anesthesia and the strong positive rate of SⅠt after topical anesthesia in patients with aqueous-deficiency dry eye (ADDE) were significantly higher than those in total patients whereas those in patients with evaporative dry eye (EDE) were significantly lower than those in total patients (P <0.001). ·CONCLUSION:SⅠt after topical anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops is more objective and reliable than that without anesthesia in reflecting the status of DE, and its diagnostic value in patients with ADDE was even higher, making itself a meaningful evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of DE.

Model test of negative Poisson’s ratio cable for supporting super-largespan tunnel using excavation compensation method

In recent years,there is a scenario in urban tunnel constructions to build super-large-span tunnels for traffic diversion and route optimization purposes.However,the increased size makes tunnel support more difficult.Unfortunately,there are few studies on the failure and support mechanism of the surrounding rocks in the excavation of supported tunnel,while most model tests of super-large-span tunnels focus on the failure characteristics of surrounding rocks in tunnel excavation without supports.Based on excavation compensation method(ECM),model tests of a super-large-span tunnel excavation by different anchor cable support methods in the initial support stage were carried out.The results indicate that during excavation of super-large-span tunnel,the stress and displacement of the shallow surrounding rocks decrease,following a step-shape pattern,and the tunnel failure is mainly concentrated on the vault and spandrel areas.Compared with conventional anchor cable supports,the NPR(negative Poisson’s ratio)anchor cable support is more suitable for the initial support stage of the super-large-span tunnels.The tunnel support theory,model test materials,methods,and the results obtained in this study could provide references for study of similar super-large-span tunnels。

Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Extreme Climate Events and Their Teleconnections to Large-scale Ocean-atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Huaihe River Basin,China During 1959–2019

Huaihe River Basin(HRB) is located in China’s north-south climatic transition zone,which is very sensitive to global climate change.Based on the daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,and precipitation data of 40 meteorological stations and nine monthly large-scale ocean-atmospheric circulation indices data during 1959–2019,we present an assessment of the spatial and temporal variations of extreme temperature and precipitation events in the HRB using nine extreme climate indices,and analyze the teleconnection relationship between extreme climate indices and large-scale ocean-atmospheric circulation indices.The results show that warm extreme indices show a significant(P < 0.05) increasing trend,while cold extreme indices(except for cold spell duration) and diurnal temperature range(DTR) show a significant decreasing trend.Furthermore,all extreme temperature indices show significant mutations during 1959-2019.Spatially,a stronger warming trend occurs in eastern HRB than western HRB,while maximum 5-d precipitation(Rx5day) and rainstorm days(R25) show an increasing trend in the southern,central,and northwestern regions of HRB.Arctic oscillation(AO),Atlantic multidecadal oscillation(AMO),and East Atlantic/Western Russia(EA/WR) have a stronger correlation with extreme climate indices compared to other circulation indices.AO and AMO(EA/WR) exhibit a significant(P < 0.05) negative(positive)correlation with frost days and diurnal temperature range.Extreme warm events are strongly correlated with the variability of AMO and EA/WR in most parts of HRB,while extreme cold events are closely related to the variability of AO and AMO in eastern HRB.In contrast,AMO,AO,and EA/WR show limited impacts on extreme precipitation events in most parts of HRB.

临床分析标本溶血对生化检验中AST、GPT、LDH、K^(+)的影响

目的 临床分析标本溶血对生化检验中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、钾离子(K^(+))的影响情况。方法 选取本院门诊部收治的健康体检者共计80例,时间跨度为2020年1月—2023年2月,将受检者血液标本分成2份,分别进行常规生化检测与引发溶血后的生化检测,对两种不同血清标本天门冬氨酸氨基、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、钾离子、总胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶、甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐、血糖、血尿酸、总胆红素生化指标检测值进行对比观察,随后把标本血清溶血后再测定上述生化指标,分析溶血前后检验结果。结果 在溶血标本中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶检测值、谷丙转氨酶检测值、乳酸脱氢酶检测值、钾离子检测值、总胆固醇检测值,相较于非溶血标本明显偏高,且碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素与非溶血标本相比明显偏低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 标本溶血容易造成生化检验的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、钾离子、总胆固醇以及碱性磷酸酶检测结果出现异常,运用血清血红蛋白浓度校对,有较高的运用价值,可为临床医师提供重要的参考依据。

Egger’s test与Begg’s test的功效差异比较与原因分析

目的比较Meta分析中Egger’s test、Begg’s test方法在检测发表偏倚时的功效(检验效能)差异并探讨其原因。方法收集28篇相关文献建立数据库,采用倾向性缺失手段产生11份新的Meta分析资料样本,然后行Egger’stest、Begg’s test检验其发表偏倚,比较结果的差异,并同时做纳入研究的异质性和样本含量的正态性检验,寻找影响发表偏倚检验功效的因素。结果①11个倾向性缺失样本中,Begg’s test有5项的P值小于0.05,而Egger’s test的P值都大于0.27;②异质性检验P值全部小于0.05,正态性检验有9项P值小于0.05。结论①倾向性缺失导致发表偏倚,此时Begg’s test较Egger’s test更容易检出发表偏倚的真实情况,而Egger’s test的检验效能此时并不高;②导致Egger’s test对发表偏倚的检验效能下降的可能因素有样本含量非正态和异质性等。

泪液检测滤纸悬挂位置对Schirmer试验的影响

目的探讨泪液检测滤纸悬挂于下睑缘不同位置时基础泪液分泌量的差异,以便选择合适的悬挂位置。方法 30例(60只眼)进行schirmer试验眼表麻醉后将泪液检测滤纸悬挂于双眼下睑缘中内或中外1/3处(顺序随机),5 min后取下记录滤纸变色的长度,即Schirmer值。休息3 min后行双眼另一侧Schirmer试验,应用t检验和Bland-Altman分析评价两侧试验结果的一致性。结果内侧和外侧Schirmer值分别为(6.94±5.34)mm和(7.33±5.88)mm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两者有非常显著的正相关关系,具有统计学意义(r=0.989,P=0.000)。Bland-Altman分析也表明两者的一致性较好。结论泪液检测滤纸悬挂于下睑缘内侧或外侧可能并不影响基础泪液分泌量的检测,考虑到下眼睑外侧较宽且便于操作,建议滤纸悬挂于下睑缘中外1/3处。

碱烧伤后的泪膜功能测定(第一部分) 生理性泪液分泌的测试——新Schirmer试验

目的 Schirmer试验是否使用表面麻醉剂 ,均无法反映人体真实的生理性泪液分泌。我们设计了“点麻”技术来检测人体真实的泪液分泌。方法 研究对象 11人 (2 2眼 ) ,无任何眼部疾病或外伤史 ,不滴用任何滴眼剂 ,无远视状态。平均年龄 2 7 5岁。在一定环境下每眼分别做 3次实验 :正常状态 (Schirmer试验Ⅰ)、点麻状态 (Schirmer试验Ⅱ)和表麻状态 (Schirmer试验Ⅲ )。结果 比较了 3种Schirmer试验中平均 5分钟滤纸湿长 ,Schirmer试验Ⅰ为 (15 72 7± 11.45 )mm ,Schirmer试验Ⅱ为 (11 0 45± 7.88)mm ,Schirmer试验Ⅲ为 (6 4 5 5± 4.82 )mm。经统计学检验 ,Schirmer试验Ⅱ和Schirmer试验Ⅲ的平均 5分钟滤纸湿长之间差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,说明Schirmer试验Ⅱ(点麻 )和Schirmer试验Ⅲ (表麻 )两种不同的麻醉方式对试验的影响存在着根本的区别。点麻状态中角膜和结膜敏感度处于非麻醉和表麻状态之间。结论 运用点麻技术的新Schirmer试验更接近于反映人体真实的泪液分泌———生理性泪液分泌。

Validity Consideration in Designing an Oral English Test

To make oral test accurately reflect the actual English spoken ability of candidates and play its role in guiding and promoting the improvement of English learners in the teaching, we must ensure that the design of scientific questions, the feasibility and validity of judgments to make an accurate and fair measurement of testers' language ability.

基于B-S分布的智能电能表寿命预计方法研究

针对目前智能电能表寿命预计普遍采用Weibull分布的情况,文中介绍了概率物理方法中一个重要的失效模型:B-S疲劳寿命分布及其可靠性分析,并推导出两参数B-S分布的极大似然估计值及近似区间。B-S分布适合描述失效产品的寿命规律,主要应用于疲劳失效以及电子产品性能退化失效的分析研究。文中将两参数B-S分布引入智能电能表寿命预计,对寿命数据是否来自两参数B-S分布总体的样本进行了拟合检验,采用极大似然法和最小二乘法对两参数B-S分布进行了参数估计,建立了基于B-S分布的寿命预计方法,通过实际算例验证了B-S分布寿命预计方法的实用性。文中研究内容对于电能表寿命预计、轮换周期的确定提供了一种新方法,同时对于电能表可靠性评价提供了新思路。

5s爆发点自动化检测装置及方法研究

从自动化操作、安全防护、软件设计出发,研制一套全自动5 s爆发点测试仪,并对试验方法进行了实验条件优化及结果验证。结果表明,全自动爆发点检测装置实现了5 s爆发点测试的远距离自动化操作,提高了测试质量和测试效率,消除了试验过程中的各种安全隐患。

基于最优k值k-means聚类分析的湖相沉积土层岩土参数分布研究

对岩土参数进行传统的k-means聚类分析时,因无法确定k值,而导致无法有效剔除误差数据。为得到岩土参数可靠取值范围,基于最优k值的k-means算法进行研究,通过量化样本内距离和聚类紧密性来确定聚类数目k值,避免了传统k值的随机选取。对粉土的三个基本物理力学指标:黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ、压缩模量E_(s)进行空间聚类分析。通过比较不同k值时的E_(E)值,确定最优k值为5。聚类完成后,原样本被划分为5类子样本。样本数量最多的一类为最优子样本,这类子样本与原样本分布一致,且数量偏离程度及变异性较小。对除最优类外的其他四类子样本进行分布检验,可知A-D检验法适用于小样本,而K-S检验法适用于大样本。根据偏度系数c值,调整合适的区间长度,进一步优化参数取值范围,并与工程实际采用值对比,检验方法的可行性。该分析方法实现由小样本代替大样本进行参数统计分析求取可靠的取值区间,简化计算,提高工作效率。

高温扩散法制备B-S共掺杂单晶金刚石

利用高纯度的硼粉和硫粉,在1300℃的高温真空环境下,通过扩散装置制备出硼(B)、硫(S)共掺杂单晶金刚石。扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、拉曼光谱等测试结果表明,随着两种元素的掺入,金刚石的形貌和晶体质量发生变化。掺杂后的金刚石形貌复杂,蚀坑和沟壑内部形貌呈阶梯状,随着掺杂量的增加出现断层,并在蚀坑处检测出较高的硼原子和硫原子含量,掺杂B-S质量比为0.5的金刚石蚀坑处的硼原子和硫原子含量最高。随着杂质原子的渗入,拉曼半峰全宽值增大,金刚石的晶体质量下降。室温下进行霍尔检测结果表明,掺杂后的金刚石电阻率降低。B-S质量比为1和2的样品导电类型表现为p型;B-S质量比为0.5时,样品的霍尔系数为负值,导电类型为n型。

Validity of subjective assessment as screening tool for dry eye disease and its association with clinical tests

AIM: To determine the role of subjective assessment using Mc Monnies dry eye questionnaire in diagnosing dry eye disease and its association with clinical tests.METHODS: There were 500 patients screened for dry eye using Mc Monnies dry eye questionnaire between May to October 2013 at the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a medical college hospital. All 500 patients were subjected to clinical tests. Dry eye was defined as having one or more symptoms often or all the time. Positive signs were if one or both eyes revealed tear film breakup time(TBUT) of ≤10s, a Schirmer test score of ≤10 mm, a Rose Bengal staining score of ≥1, a Lissamine green staining score of ≥1 or existence of meibomian gland disease(≥grade 1). Statistical analysis was performed to describe the distribution of symptoms and signs, to assess the correlations between Mc Monnies score(MS) and variable clinical signs of dry eye, and to explore the association between dry eye symptoms and variable clinical signs. Analysis was performed using software package Epi info. A Probability(P) value using Chi-square test of 【0.005 was taken as significant.· RESULTS: Dry eye prevalence with symptoms(questionnaire), Schirmer test, TBUT, Rose Bengal staining and Lissamine green staining was 25.6%,15.20%, 20.80%, 23.60%, and 22.60% respectively. Among those with severe symptoms(MS】20), 75.86% had a low TBUT(【10s), 58.62% had a low Schirmer’s I test(≤10 mm),86.20% had Rose Bengal staining score of ≥1, 79.31%had Lissamine green staining score of ≥1. We found statistically significant associations between positive Schirmer test and arthritis(P 【0.002), dryness elsewhere(P 【0.001), contact lens use(P 【 0.002), systemic medication(P 【0.0001), sleeping with eyes partly open(P 【0.002), history of dry eyes treatment(P 【0.0001),environmental factors(P 【0.001), swimming(P 【0.001).· CONCLUSION: Subjective assessment plays an important role in diagnosing dry eye disease. There is strong correlation between MS and Schirmer test, TBUT,Rose Bengal staining and Lissamine green staining in normal as well as marginal and pathological dry eye.

基于SpringBoot+Vue的在线考试系统设计与实现

随着互联网技术的不断发展,在线考试模式得到了更为广泛的应用,为满足教师和学生对于快捷出题、快速批改、诚信考试的需求,文章基于前后端分离的思想,前端使用Vue技术搭建,后台采用SpringBoot+MybatisPlus,开发一个基于B/S模式的在线考试系统。系统实现单选、多选、判断、填空等题型的自动判分,并且提供主观题错题解析、错题集合等功能。系统安全稳定、成本低、运行效率高。

洋山港VTS报告船舶流的统计特性

为分析某水域船舶流特征和运行规律,量化研究船舶流到港规律,为港口营运和船舶交通管理(vessel traffic services, VTS)提供数据支持,以洋山港水域2020年66 d内连续的1387条VTS实测船舶流记录数据为统计样本,基于矩估计理论的K-S检验和χ^(2)检验,从拟合最优的角度对船舶到港情况进行参数估计。结果表明,洋山港水域VTS报告的船舶在8、9月的船舶流样本服从正态分布,7月船舶流样本不服从泊松分布和正态分布,证明船舶流的分布特征随环境和时间因素变化显著,仅采用泊松分布或正态分布并不能全面描述水域交通流特征。相关研究结论可为船舶流特征分析、通航调度等相关研究提供借鉴和参考。

海浪扰动下电液3-UPS/S舰船并联稳定平台振动特性分析

针对电液驱动的舰船并联稳定平台在实际工况下的振动问题,以电液3-UPS/S舰船并联稳定平台为研究对象,在考虑铰链刚度的基础上应用虚功原理建立稳定平台的动力学模型;通过海浪谱函数,计算了随机海浪激励下船舶的运动响应,进而得到稳定平台跟踪舰船运动的响应规律;分析了稳定平台在随机海浪激励条件下和初始工作空间内的固有频率变化特性;最后,为验证动力学模型的正确性,采用脉冲激励法对稳定平台样机进行模态试验,固有频率理论值与试验值的最大误差为4.66%,可以验证动力学模型的正确性。

New fecal test for non-invasive Helicobacter pylori detection:A diagnostic accuracy study

AIM To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new fecal test for detecting Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), using ^(13)Curea breath test as the reference standard, and explore bacterial antibiotic resistance. METHODS We conducted a prospective two-center diagnostic test accuracy study. We enrolled consecutive people≥ 18 years without previous diagnosis of H. pylori infection, referred for dyspepsia between February and October 2017. At enrollment, all participants underwent 13 C-urea breath test. Participants aged over 50 years were scheduled to undergo upper endoscopy with histology. Participants collected stool samples 1-3 d after enrollment for a new fecal investigation(THD fecal test). The detection of bacterial 23 S rRNA subunit gene indicated H. pylori infection. We also used the index diagnostic test to examine mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Independent investigators analyzed index test and reference test standard results blinded to the other test findings. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive(PPV) and negative(NPV) predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio(LR), together with 95% confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS We enrolled 294 consecutive participants(age: Median 37.0 years, IQR: 29.0-46.0 years; men: 39.8%). Ninetyfive(32.3%) participants had a positive ^(13)C-urea breath test. Twenty-three(7.8%) participants underwent upper endoscopy with histology, with a full concordance between ^(13)C-urea breath test and histology in detecting H. pylori infection. Four(1.4%) out of the 294 participants withdrew from the study after the enrollment visit and did not undergo THD fecal testing. In the 290 participants who completed the study, the THD fecal test sensitivity was 90.2%(CI: 84.2%-96.3%), specificity 98.5%(CI:96.8%-100%), PPV 96.5%(CI: 92.6%-100%), NPV 95.6%(CI: 92.8%-98.4%), accuracy 95.9%(CI: 93.6%-98.2%), positive LR 59.5(CI: 19.3-183.4), negative LR 0.10(CI: 0.05-0.18). Out of 83 infected participants identified with the THD fecal test, 34(41.0%) had bacterial genotypic changes consistent with antibiotic-resistant H. pylori infection. Of these, 27(32.5%) had bacterial strains resistant to clarithromycin, 3(3.6%) to levofloxacin, and 4(4.8%) to both antibiotics. CONCLUSION The THD fecal test has high performance for the non-invasive diagnosis of H. pylori infection while additionally enabling the assessment of bacterial antibiotic resistances.

Li_(2)S掺杂对富锂锰基材料首次库仑效率的提升效果研究

富锂锰基材料(LRM)由于电压平台高、比容量高,在锂电池材料研究中受到广泛关注。针对富锂锰基材料首次充放电库仑效率较低的问题,采用Li_(2)S对富锂锰基材料(LRM)进行掺杂改性制备得到LRM-S材料。结果表明:LRM和LRM-S的晶体结构相近,具有层状晶体结构。扫描电镜分析表明,LRM-S材料由10~20nm的一次颗粒团聚而成。元素分析表明LRM-S材料中含有均匀分散的S元素。电化学分析表明,LRM的首次充电比容量为291.80mAh/g,首次放电比容量为188.63mAh/g,首次库仑效率为64.64%。Li_(2)S掺杂改性材料LRM-S的首次充电比容量为387.04mAh/g,首次放电比容量为272.64mAh/g,首次库仑效率为70.44%,在首次充放电比容量和效率方面均有显著提升。

Mechanical Characterization of Electroplated Ni Films by Micro-tensile Testing

Mechanical properties of structural materials are particularly important for design, performance realization and reliability analysis of microelectromechanical systems （MEMS）. Furthermore, accurate database of mechanical properties at the micro scale can provide indispensable reference for establishing MEMS standard. Electroplated nickel film is one of the most favored structural materials used in MEMS, thus its mechanical properties has been studied for many years. However, the measured values show large scatter in Yotmg＇s modulus of nickel film. Young＇s modulus and yield stress of electroplated nickel film are measured by using a micro-tensile testing instrument. The tensile load applied on the specimen is measured by a load cell with accuracy 0.25 mN directly, without additional friction. Through measuring the axial stiffness coefficient of the tensile instnunent in situ, the tensile strain of the specimen is obtained by using two-serial spring model. The electroplated nickel films were fabricated from sulfarnate baths, and the gauge section is 500μm long and 10μm wide nominally, and thickness range between 25 μm and 50μm. The obtained Young＇s modulus from tensile testing is 83＋6 GPa for nickel specimens electroplated at current density of 20 mA/cm2 and it increases to 124＋5 GPa as current density is decreased to 10 mA/cm2. The phenomena are interpreted in terms of porosity of microstructure. The higher current density produced rnicrostucture with low density and high volume fraction of pores, and the microstructure of high porosity corresponds to a lower modulus. The measured values of Young＇s modulus are consistent with those of calculated from the exponential empirical formula between Young＇s modulus and porosity. The micro-tensile testing instrument can also be used for mechanical measurement of other MEMS films.