胚乳和外源赤霉素对五味子[Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill]种子发芽的影响

以组织培养和土壤播种的未经层积处理的五味子种子为材料，检测胚乳和外源赤霉素（GA3）对发芽影响的结果表明，在不加生长调节物质的MS培养基上，去掉外种皮带全胚乳的种子发芽率只有2．7％，而带1／2和1／3胚乳的种子发芽率则分别为46％和70．6％；培养基中添加GA，，可提高去掉外种皮带全胚乳和带1／2胚乳种子的发芽率，而对带1／3胚乳的种子则无效果。土壤播种时，用10—1000mg·L—GA3对去掉外种皮种子进行1~10d前处理，其中100mg·L—GA3前处理10d的发芽率最高，达到38．7％。

Effects of Different Decolorants on Retention Rate of Total Triterpenes in Fruit and Rattan Stems of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill

This study was to investigate the decoloration effects of activated clay, activated carbon, diatomite, Ca group bentonite, kaolin, activated aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and attapulgite. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopywas adopted to de- tect the absorbanees of the extracts of Schisandra chinensis fruit and rattan stems, the contents of total triterpenoids in S. chinensis fruit and rattan stems were deter- mined, and the decoloration rate and the retention rate of total triterpenoids of S. chi- nensis fruit and rattan stems were calculated. The results indicated that, attapulgite exhibited the best decoloration effect on the extract of S. chinensis fruit, with a de- coloration rate up to 60.47%, activated carbon exhibited a better decoloration effect on the extract of S. chinensis rattan stems, with a decoloration rate up to 69.24%, and they had relatively higher retention rates of total triterpenoids. In the eight de- colorants, attapulgite showed the best decoloration effect on the extract of S. chi- nensis fruit, and activated carbon exhibited the best decoloration effect on the ex- tract of S. chinensisrattan stems.

Nortriterpenoids from the fruit stalk of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Objective:The fruit stalk of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.(S.chinensis)has been found to contain bioactive components similar to the fruit of S.chinensis.Here,we report a recent discovery about new nortriterpenoids with a novel skeleton and anti-gastric cancer activity,which were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis.Methods:The chemical components of ethyl acetate extract from 70%ethanol extract from S.chinensis fruit stalk were separated,purified,and identified by liquid chromatography methods(silica gel,ODS,HPLC)and extensive spectroscopic analyses(NMR,IR,UV,MS,CD).Results:Two new nortriterpenoids,schilancitrilactone M and 25-hydroxyl schindilactone D(1 and 2),along with ten known nortriterpenoids(3-12)were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis.The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against MGC-803 cells,and the results showed that compounds 6-8 possessed significant activities with IC50 of 9.01,11.77,and 2.74μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Twelve nortriterpenoids including two new compounds were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis for the first time.Among them,compounds 6-8 showed significant anti-gastric cancer activities.We postulated that the fruit stalk of S.chinensis could be used as an anti-gastric cancer drug.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. is a deciduous woody vine, and belongs to the Schisandraceae family. This species is a horticultural plant with edible fruit. It is used medicinally and for making rope. It is distributed in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi

Anti-diabetic Effects of Polysaccharides from Ethanol-insoluble Residue of Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.） Baill on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice

The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-soluble polysaccharides from the ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra（ESCP） were obtained and their anti-diabetic effect was evaluated. The results indicate that ESCP could significantly reduce the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the ESCP could significantly improve the lipid metabolism and increase the content of liver glycogen in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results indicate that ESCP could be developed into a potential natural hypoglycemic agent.

指纹图谱技术结合化学计量学评价五味子醇提物质量探索研究

目的:优化五味子乙醇提取工艺,建立其醇提物HPLC指纹图谱并结合化学计量学综合分析其质量。方法:基于单因素试验,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,系统研究了乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数及料液比等因素对五味子中五味子醇甲和五味子乙素的提取率产生的影响。按最优提取工艺制备9批五味子乙醇提取物,建立其高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱。以共有峰峰面积为变量,结合化学计量学方法包括系统聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)法对9批五味子醇提物质量进行分析。结果:确定最佳提取工艺为:采用80%乙醇作为溶剂,料液比为1:10,进行2次回流提取,每次持续1 h。在9批五味子提取物指纹图谱中共有32个共有峰,并成功鉴定出X18(五味子醇甲)、X29(五味子甲素)和X32(五味子乙素),相似度高于0.94。HCA和PCA结果均显示9批样品有聚为四类的趋势,共有峰X1、X2、X3、X13、X17、X19、X21和X30是引起样品间差异的主要化学成分。结论:所优选的提取工艺稳定可行,不同批次五味子提取物的质量一致性较高,但不同样品间仍存在一定差异。

Transcriptome-wide analysis of PIP reductase gene family identified a phenylpropene synthase crucial for the biosynthesis of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis

Phenylpropenes,such as isoeugenol and eugenol,are produced as defend compounds,floral attractants,and flavor constituents by phenylpropene synthases belonging to the PIP reductase family.Moreover,isoeugenol is proposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans,the main active compounds of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.fruits(SCF).S.chinensis,a woody vine plant,is widely used for its medicinal,horticultural,edible,and economic values.In this study,nine ScPIP genes were identified and characterized from the transcriptome datasets of SCF.The expression profiles revealed that ScPIP genes were differentially expressed during different developmental stages of SCF.Three ScPIPs were selected and cloned as candidate genes encoding phenylpropene synthases according to phylogenetic analysis.ScPIP1 was proved to function as isoeugenol synthase(IGS)and designated as ScIGS1 through in vivo functional characterization in Escherichia coli.Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that ScIGS1 was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.The three-dimensional(3D)model of ScIGS1 was obtained using homology modeling.Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the substitution of residues at positions 110 and 113 impacted the product specificity of ScIGS1 and the mutation of Lys157 to Ala abolishing catalytic function.Moreover,the kcat values of mutants were lower than that of ScIGS1 using a deep learning approach.In conclusion,this study provides a basis for further research on PIP reductases and the biosynthetic pathway of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans.

北五味子的镇静、催眠作用

目的对北五味子水提取物镇静、催眠药理作用进行初探。方法采用镇静、催眠实验观察北五味子水提取物对小鼠自主活动的影响 ,协同戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠作用。结果北五味子水提取物能明显减少小鼠自主活动次数 ,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠只数 ,延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间。结论北五味子水提取物有明显的镇静、催眠作用。

Box-Behnken响应面法优选五味子多糖双水相提取工艺

目的:基于Box-Behnken响应面法,采用双水相体系优化五味子多糖的提取工艺。方法:在单因素试验的基础上,选取药液量、K_2HPO_4用量、PEG6000用量为考察因素,以双水相体系的相比、分配系数和萃取效率的总评归一值(OD)为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法筛选提取工艺。结果:最佳的五味子多糖双水相提取参数为:药液量5 m L,K_2HPO_4用量1.0 g,PEG6000用量1.8 g,离心时间9 min。该模型的预测性能良好,验证试验的实测OD值为0.950,与理论预测值的偏差为3.94%。结论:所优选的双水相提取技术操作简便、成本低,可用于五味子多糖的提取。

HPLC法同时测定五味子不同部位中三种木脂素成分含量

目的:采用HPLC法同时测定五味子不同部位中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量。方法:采用Symmetry C18柱,甲醇-乙腈-水(1:1:1)作流动相,流速1ml/min,检测波长250nm。结果五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量测定方法的线性关系良好,线性范围和相关系数为0.04～0.2mg/ml(r=0.9999);回收率分别为103.03%、99.83%和101.55%;RSD分别为0.99%、2.15%、1.39%(n=10)。结论:该方法精密度、重现性和分离效果好,分析快速准确,适合于该药材中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素含量的测定,不同部位三成分均存在一定的差别。

HPLC法同时测定不同产地五味子中8种木脂素类成分

目的测定产自辽宁、河北和黑龙江省的五味子中五味子醇甲、戈米辛J、五味子醇乙、戈米辛G、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素8种木脂素成分,为其质量控制提供检测手段。方法五味子用甲醇超声提取,色谱柱为依利特ODS-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈(A)-水(B),梯度洗脱(0～17 min,A为50%;17～25 min,A为50%～55%;25～30 min,A为55%～75%;30～35 min,A为75%;35～40 min,A为75%～65%;40～45 min,A为65%～50%);体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长217 nm。结果 8种被测木脂素成分分离度良好;各成分质量浓度与峰面积在测定范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r>0.999 5);重复性良好;加样回收率(RSD)(n=9)分别为99.75%(0.38%)、100.69%(2.31%)、100.46%(1.39%)、99.87%(1.15%)、100.22%(1.45%)、100.15%(0.99%)、100.61%(0.25%)和101.31%(1.03%)。结论本实验所建立的HPLC方法稳定可靠、简便可行,可用于五味子中木脂素类成分的同时定量分析。

超高压技术在五味子饮料加工中的应用

为避免五味子饮料生产工艺中热对营养成分的破坏,促进超高压技术在饮料行业中的应用,该文提出应用超高压技术制备五味子饮料的新工艺,即原料有效成分的提取和饮料灭菌均采用超高压技术。应用均匀设计方法求得最优提取工艺,并在此基础上提出改进的实用工艺参数:压力为350 M Pa、溶剂为60%乙醇、固液比为1∶50(w/v)。饮料超高压灭菌条件:压力为400 M Pa、保压时间为5 m in。超高压提取五味子总木脂素的得率为2.99%;经超高压灭菌的饮料符合GB2759-81规定。应用超高压技术制备五味子饮料不仅确保了质量,同时还提高了生产效率,减少了设备投资。

正交试验优选五味子木脂素类成分的提取工艺

目的研究五味子木脂素类成分的最佳提取工艺。方法以五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素的含有量为考察指标,采用正交试验确定五味子木脂素类成分的最佳提取条件。因素考察水平:乙醇体积分数(50%,70%,95%)、提取时间(60,90,120 min)、提取次数(1,2,3次)、溶剂用量(6,8,10倍量)。结果乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取次数和溶剂用量均影响五味子木脂素类成分的提取效率,其中以提取时间和乙醇体积分数的影响最为显著。最佳提取方法为8倍量95%乙醇回流提取2次,每次120 min。结论该提取方法简单,稳定可行,可用于五味子木脂素类成分的提取。

辽五味子果实挥发油成分的鉴定

目的 对辽五味子的挥发油成分进行鉴定。方法 利用色质联用仪GC/MS产生的双线性数据 ,藉化学计量学发展的二维色谱 /质谱数据解析方法 ,得到了各组分的纯色谱曲线和质谱 ;根据色谱保留时间 ,同时利用解析所得的纯物质质谱在NIST质谱库进行相似检索对各个组分进行定性分析 ,最后利用总体积积分法得到定量结果。结果 在辽五味子干燥果实挥发油中共检出 5 6个组分 ,鉴定了其中 49个化合物 ,占挥发油总量的 98 2 7%。结论此法大大提高了定性定量分析的准确度 ,成功地检测出一些色谱分离不完全和低含量的组分。

北五味子乙素体外抗氧化及抑菌作用的研究

对北五味子乙素进行抗氧化及体外抑菌实验。结果表明:北五味子乙素对自由基的清除效果明显,其中对.OH清除作用大于相同浓度的VC,其半数清除浓度为0.2mg.mL-1;对O2-.清除作用小于VC,其半数清除浓度为0.24mg.mL-1。北五味子乙素提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中对白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.25mg.mL-1,对根霉、黑曲霉、南阳酵母无明显抑菌活性。

北五味子乙素清除自由基及体外抑菌作用的研究

对五味子乙素进行清除自由基及体外抑菌实验。结果表明:五味子乙素对自由基的清除效果明显,其中对羟自由基清除作用大于相同质量浓度的VC,其半数清除质量浓度为0.2mg/mL;对超氧阴离子自由基清除作用小于VC,其半数清除质量浓度为0.24mg/mL。五味子乙素提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中对白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.25mg/mL,对根霉、黑曲霉、南洋酵母无明显抑菌活性。

五味子药渣多糖的提取及其免疫活性

提取并纯化得到五味子药渣多糖,对其体外免疫活性进行初步评价。经水提醇沉、乙醇分级、活性碳脱色、Sevage法和链蛋白酶联合脱蛋白,从五味子药渣中获得c SDP、f SDP和SDP 3种多糖。通过体外淋巴细胞转化试验验证3种多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,结果表明:3种五味子药渣多糖在一定质量浓度下对未经活化的小鼠淋巴细胞有增殖作用,对Con A诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖有显著促进作用;多糖的纯化程度越高对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖促进作用越强;五味子药渣粗多糖中的蛋白对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响。

我国五味子研究现状及展望

文章综述了我国五味子种质资源收集评价、品种选育、栽培生理及病虫害防治等领域的研究成果,同时讨论了五味子研究领域存在的问题,并提出今后深入研究的方向。

不同提取方法对北五味子多糖提取率的影响

考察了不同提取方法对北五味子[Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill]多糖提取率的影响。分别采用回流法、微波辅助法、闪式法对北五味子多糖进行提取,通过可见-分光光度法测定其含量,设计响应面试验对其最佳方法的工艺进行优化。闪式法多糖提取率高于回流法和微波辅助法,其最佳工艺为料液比1∶20(m∶V),提取时间127 s、提取电压190 V、提取温度78℃,在此条件下北五味子多糖的提取率达到20.97%。不同提取方法对多糖的提取率影响较大,闪式法多糖提取率高,耗费时间短,溶剂用量少。

HPLC法测定五味子果梗中6种木脂素

目的通过HPLC法测定五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.果梗中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素的含有量。方法果梗甲醇提取液的分析采用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相甲醇-乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;检测波长220 nm;柱温35℃;体积流量0.9 m L/min。结果 6种木脂素在各自范围内均呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率98.61%~99.92%,RSD 0.12%~1.68%。五味子醇甲在67批样品中平均含有量最高,而五味子酯甲最低。栽培样品中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子甲素含有量均高于野生样品,而五味子酯甲、五味子乙素、五味子丙素含有量恰好相反。小兴安岭样品中各成分含有量最高,长白山次之,辽宁省东部山区最低。结论五味子果梗中的五味子丙素具有一定药用价值,应加以关注。