The novel I Love Dick,written by Chris Kraus,discusses the“least described”social problem.The novel starts with describing Chris’s love affair.Her love affair is narrated with her illustrations of some social probl...The novel I Love Dick,written by Chris Kraus,discusses the“least described”social problem.The novel starts with describing Chris’s love affair.Her love affair is narrated with her illustrations of some social problems that are shrunk into personal problems.This article aims to examine how she uses the schizophrenic utterances to illustrate the failure of her love affair differently.展开更多
After the description of a brain model based on glial-neuronal interactions, a computer system for simulation of human perception, called clocked perception system, is proposed. The computer system includes a receptor...After the description of a brain model based on glial-neuronal interactions, a computer system for simulation of human perception, called clocked perception system, is proposed. The computer system includes a receptor field with sensors, each of which receives data with specific characteristics. These data are passed to processors, whereby only those connections between sensors and processors are released that are suited for an evaluation of the data according to a combination of specific data dictated by a phase program circuit. The computer system also includes a selector circuit that discards those dictated program commands that lead to a “senseless” computation result. A motor program circuit for the control of effectors may be connected to the computer system which at least contributes to the movement of the receptor field in order to bring the receptor field closer to suitable data with specific characteristics for better execution of the program. From disorders of the computer system implications are deduced for the pathophysiology of the schizophrenic syndrome. Finally, a novel treatment approach to this syndrome is proposed.展开更多
The present study investigated relationships between clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations, and clinical responses to clozapine treatment in Tunisian schizophrenics. Fourteen schizophrenia-t...The present study investigated relationships between clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations, and clinical responses to clozapine treatment in Tunisian schizophrenics. Fourteen schizophrenia-treatment resistant patients, recruited for this study, were treated with clozapine for 45 days. Patient health improvement was assessed before and after each cycle of two weeks of clozapine therapy, using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). No significant correlations between plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations and clinical health improvement among our schizophrenic patients were found. However, a significant correlation was observed between clinical health improvement given by BPRS scores and norclozapine plasma concentration to daily clozapine dose ratio (NCZ/D). Despite the small sample size of our study, our findings suggest that the clozapine therapy response variations observed in our patients may be, in part, explained by the interindividual differences in plasma norclozapine concentration to clozapine dose ratio (NCZ/D). So the NCZ/D parameter could be used as a good indicator for adjusting the clozapine dose-adaptation strategy and consequently for improving the clinical psychopathological state of schizophrenia-treatment resistant patients.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics(PK),pharmacodynamics(PD),adverse events(AEs),and their relationships in Chinese patients with schizophrenia after a single dose of long-acting risperidon...In the present study,we aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics(PK),pharmacodynamics(PD),adverse events(AEs),and their relationships in Chinese patients with schizophrenia after a single dose of long-acting risperidone.Schizophrenic patients(six females and seven males)were enrolled in this study.Serial blood samples were collected after drug administration during 63 d,and the drug concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Safety and tolerance were evaluated by monitoring the AEs,changes in clinical laboratory results,12-lead ECG,vital signs,physical examination,and injection-site reactions.The extrapyramidal symptoms were evaluated using the ESRS.Efficacy was evaluated by the PANSS and BPRS.Twelve out of the 13 participants completed the trial.There were few clinically meaningful changes in mean clinical laboratory values,vital signs,or ECG parameters,except for the prolactin level and body weight.There were no serious AEs,and those observed were reversible.Significant clinical improvements in PANSS and PANSS-derived BPRS total scores were observed.The mean(standard deviation,coefficient of variation)values for these PK parameters were as follows:C_(max),8.954(8.059,90.0%)ng/mL;area under the curve AUC_(0-t),2453(1156,47.1%)ng·h/mL;AUC_(0-∞),2472(1160,46.9%)ng·h/mL;t_(max),830.0(min:744.0,max:984.0,11.8%)h;and t_(1/2),68.56(10.77,15.7%)h.The PK characteristics of long-acting risperidone showed a high level of inter-individual variation,while there were no clear correlations between PK,efficacy and AEs among the patients in the present study.展开更多
Dear editor, P-glycoprotein （P-gp, also known as ATP-binding cassette transport sub-family B member 1, ABCB1） is a potent ATP-dependent efflux pump for a wide variety of drugs. Although studies of its substrates are...Dear editor, P-glycoprotein （P-gp, also known as ATP-binding cassette transport sub-family B member 1, ABCB1） is a potent ATP-dependent efflux pump for a wide variety of drugs. Although studies of its substrates are abundant [ 1, 2], and ABCB1 is a well-conserved gene, there is increasing evi- dence that its polymorphisms affect substrate specificity [3]. A previous study reported that the synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） C3435T （rs1045642） affects the timing of co-translational folding and insertionof P-gp into the membrane,展开更多
Schizophrenia is a chronic,prolonged illness with a significant tendency to relapse and a high disease burden.Patients are often affected by psychotic symptoms and commit violent assaults that manifest as criminal act...Schizophrenia is a chronic,prolonged illness with a significant tendency to relapse and a high disease burden.Patients are often affected by psychotic symptoms and commit violent assaults that manifest as criminal acts.At the same time,such patients generally have poor medication adherence,which also makes them more likely to commit crimes.In our case,a single mother with a history of psychiatric illness strangled her 4-year-old biological son to death with a rope,put the body in a bathtub and divided it,ate some of the victim’s organs;the results of her forensic mental health identification indicated she was in a period of illness at the time of the offense and did not have the competence for criminal responsibility.Medication adherence is an important factor affecting relapse in patients with schizophrenia.Although new medications have been introduced and researchers have been improving medication adherence through many ways such as patient education and family therapy since the 1980s,the level of medication adherence is still poor,with a nonadherence rate of about 50%.This report suggests that in practice,attention should be given to improving patients’medication adherence,guardians of patients and their communities should strengthen their monitoring and care,including knowing the patients’medication adherence and monitoring them to take their medication as prescribed,together with systematic psychotherapy for patients to prevent them from relapsing and committing violent attacks.Besides,when assessing the patient’s risk of violence,the realistic factors in crime motives and the impact of guardians(family)should be taken into account to evaluate the risk of violence objectively and comprehensively.A final point is that social support for patients with mental disorders and their families should be improved.展开更多
文摘The novel I Love Dick,written by Chris Kraus,discusses the“least described”social problem.The novel starts with describing Chris’s love affair.Her love affair is narrated with her illustrations of some social problems that are shrunk into personal problems.This article aims to examine how she uses the schizophrenic utterances to illustrate the failure of her love affair differently.
文摘After the description of a brain model based on glial-neuronal interactions, a computer system for simulation of human perception, called clocked perception system, is proposed. The computer system includes a receptor field with sensors, each of which receives data with specific characteristics. These data are passed to processors, whereby only those connections between sensors and processors are released that are suited for an evaluation of the data according to a combination of specific data dictated by a phase program circuit. The computer system also includes a selector circuit that discards those dictated program commands that lead to a “senseless” computation result. A motor program circuit for the control of effectors may be connected to the computer system which at least contributes to the movement of the receptor field in order to bring the receptor field closer to suitable data with specific characteristics for better execution of the program. From disorders of the computer system implications are deduced for the pathophysiology of the schizophrenic syndrome. Finally, a novel treatment approach to this syndrome is proposed.
文摘The present study investigated relationships between clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations, and clinical responses to clozapine treatment in Tunisian schizophrenics. Fourteen schizophrenia-treatment resistant patients, recruited for this study, were treated with clozapine for 45 days. Patient health improvement was assessed before and after each cycle of two weeks of clozapine therapy, using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). No significant correlations between plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations and clinical health improvement among our schizophrenic patients were found. However, a significant correlation was observed between clinical health improvement given by BPRS scores and norclozapine plasma concentration to daily clozapine dose ratio (NCZ/D). Despite the small sample size of our study, our findings suggest that the clozapine therapy response variations observed in our patients may be, in part, explained by the interindividual differences in plasma norclozapine concentration to clozapine dose ratio (NCZ/D). So the NCZ/D parameter could be used as a good indicator for adjusting the clozapine dose-adaptation strategy and consequently for improving the clinical psychopathological state of schizophrenia-treatment resistant patients.
基金Foundation items:The National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for"Significant New Drug Development"during the Twelfth Five-year Planning Period of China(Grant No.2014ZX09303303).
文摘In the present study,we aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics(PK),pharmacodynamics(PD),adverse events(AEs),and their relationships in Chinese patients with schizophrenia after a single dose of long-acting risperidone.Schizophrenic patients(six females and seven males)were enrolled in this study.Serial blood samples were collected after drug administration during 63 d,and the drug concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Safety and tolerance were evaluated by monitoring the AEs,changes in clinical laboratory results,12-lead ECG,vital signs,physical examination,and injection-site reactions.The extrapyramidal symptoms were evaluated using the ESRS.Efficacy was evaluated by the PANSS and BPRS.Twelve out of the 13 participants completed the trial.There were few clinically meaningful changes in mean clinical laboratory values,vital signs,or ECG parameters,except for the prolactin level and body weight.There were no serious AEs,and those observed were reversible.Significant clinical improvements in PANSS and PANSS-derived BPRS total scores were observed.The mean(standard deviation,coefficient of variation)values for these PK parameters were as follows:C_(max),8.954(8.059,90.0%)ng/mL;area under the curve AUC_(0-t),2453(1156,47.1%)ng·h/mL;AUC_(0-∞),2472(1160,46.9%)ng·h/mL;t_(max),830.0(min:744.0,max:984.0,11.8%)h;and t_(1/2),68.56(10.77,15.7%)h.The PK characteristics of long-acting risperidone showed a high level of inter-individual variation,while there were no clear correlations between PK,efficacy and AEs among the patients in the present study.
基金supported by the project of Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81221002)Rational Medication Application Patterns of Schizophrenia(BMU20140430) of Peking University Health Science Center
文摘Dear editor, P-glycoprotein （P-gp, also known as ATP-binding cassette transport sub-family B member 1, ABCB1） is a potent ATP-dependent efflux pump for a wide variety of drugs. Although studies of its substrates are abundant [ 1, 2], and ABCB1 is a well-conserved gene, there is increasing evi- dence that its polymorphisms affect substrate specificity [3]. A previous study reported that the synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） C3435T （rs1045642） affects the timing of co-translational folding and insertionof P-gp into the membrane,
基金supported by The National Social Science Fund of China“Research on the Rule of Law in National Health Governance”(20&ZD187).
文摘Schizophrenia is a chronic,prolonged illness with a significant tendency to relapse and a high disease burden.Patients are often affected by psychotic symptoms and commit violent assaults that manifest as criminal acts.At the same time,such patients generally have poor medication adherence,which also makes them more likely to commit crimes.In our case,a single mother with a history of psychiatric illness strangled her 4-year-old biological son to death with a rope,put the body in a bathtub and divided it,ate some of the victim’s organs;the results of her forensic mental health identification indicated she was in a period of illness at the time of the offense and did not have the competence for criminal responsibility.Medication adherence is an important factor affecting relapse in patients with schizophrenia.Although new medications have been introduced and researchers have been improving medication adherence through many ways such as patient education and family therapy since the 1980s,the level of medication adherence is still poor,with a nonadherence rate of about 50%.This report suggests that in practice,attention should be given to improving patients’medication adherence,guardians of patients and their communities should strengthen their monitoring and care,including knowing the patients’medication adherence and monitoring them to take their medication as prescribed,together with systematic psychotherapy for patients to prevent them from relapsing and committing violent attacks.Besides,when assessing the patient’s risk of violence,the realistic factors in crime motives and the impact of guardians(family)should be taken into account to evaluate the risk of violence objectively and comprehensively.A final point is that social support for patients with mental disorders and their families should be improved.
文摘目的探讨个性化护理促进住院精神分裂症患者心理康复的效果。方法 2013年1-12月,便利抽样法选择上海市浦东新区精神卫生中心收治的137例精神分裂症患者为研究对象,所有患者均给予抗精神病对症治疗,按入院先后将137例患者分为观察组(68例)和对照组(69例),分别给予为期24周的个性化护理及常规护理。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)和住院患者护士观察量表(nurses’observation scale for inpatient evaluation,NOSIE-30)在干预前及干预后第4、12、24周对两组患者进行评估。结果干预前及干预后4周,两组患者的PANSS、NOSIE-30量表评分,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);干预后12(除阳性症状、精神病表现及抑郁)、24周(除阳性症状及抑郁),观察组患者的PANSS、NOSIE-30量表评分与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在对症治疗的基础上,对住院精神分裂症患者开展个性化护理,有利于改善患者的精神症状,促进其心理康复。
