Purification and characterization of schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune

The schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune was purified and characterized. The crude schizo-phyllan was obtained from Schizophyllum commune fermentation broth by decoloration with activated carbon,followed by deproteinization with Sevag method and ethanol precipitation. The pure schizophyllan was obtained by gel filtration chromatography with Sephacryl S-500,and its molecular characteristics were examined. The result showed that the molecular weight was 3.8×104 ,and the schizophyllan consisted of glucose with β-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages.

Selenium Content and Antioxidant Potential of Some Edible Wild Mushrooms from Bandundu Area, DR Congo

Nutrition is an important aspect of public health because it is linked to many significant diseases and health problems. This work is part of the promotion of traditional foods from the Democratic Republic of Congo in general and in the province of Bandundu, in particular by assessing the selenium content and the antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms. Methanolic extracts from selected mushrooms were characterized for their chemical fingerprint by TLC and their in vitro antioxidant activities using ABTS, DPPH assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, free amines, steroids and terpenes in all species. However, Auricularia delicata and Pleurotus tuberregium contain flavonoids. All extracts displayed a good radical-scavenging activity at the concentration range 1 - 300 μg/mL in the following order: Auricularia delicata > Lentinus cf cladopus > Pleurotus tuberregium > Marasmius buzungolo > Schizophillum commune. Studied mushrooms showed the interest quantity of selenium and L. cf cladodus had the highest concentration. Moderate selenium content of these wild mushrooms associated with their important antioxidant activities could provide health benefits to Bandundu’s populations in protecting against oxidative damage under different conditions including konzo.

Combining ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance salt tolerance of Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Plant growth and productivity are negatively affected by soil salinity.This study investigated the effects of the rhizosphere-promoting bacterium,Bacillus paramycoides JYZ-SD5,and the ectomycorrhizal fungus,Schizophyllum commune Be,on the growth of Metasequoia glyptostroboides under salt stress.Changes in biomass,root growth,root ion distribution and in vivo enzyme activities were determined under different treatments(Be,JYZ-SD5,and Be+JYZ-SD5).The results show that all inoculations increased chlorophyll content,shoot length and root diameter with or without salt stress,and the effect of Be+JYZ-SD5was the strongest.JYZ-SD5 and Be+JYZ-SD5 treatments significantly increased root length,surface area,bifurcation number,tip number,main root length and diameter under salt stress.Normal chloroplast structures developed under both single and double inoculations.Relative to the control,root activities of M.glyptostroboides in the Be,JYZSD5,and Be+JYZ-SD5 treatments increased by 31.3%,17.2%,and 33.7%.All treatments increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase and Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATPase.The strongest effect was by Be+JYZ-SD5.Analysis of root ion distribution showed that,under salt stress,Na^(+)and K^(+)decreased and were concentrated in the epidermis or cortex.Na/K ratios also decreased.The Be+JYZ-SD5 treatment increased betaine by 130.3%and 97.9%under 50 mM and 100 mM salt stress,respectively.Together,these changes result in the activation of physiological and biochemical processes involved in the mitigation of salinity-induced stress in M.glyptostroboides.

Phenolic acids isolated from the fungus Schizophyllum commune exert analgesic activity by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels

The present study was designed to search for compounds with analgesic activity from the Schizophyllum commune(SC), which is widely consumed as edible and medicinal mushroom world. Thin layer chromatography(TLC), tosilica gel column chromatography, sephadex LH 20, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) were used to isolate and purify compounds from SC. Structural analysis of the isolated compounds was based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The effects of these compounds on voltage-gated sodium(NaV) channels were evaluated using patch clamp. The analgesic activity of these compounds was tested in two types of mouse pain models induced by noxious chemicals. Five phenolic acids identified from SC extracts in the present study included vanillic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, o-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, 3-hydroxy-5-methybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They inhibited the activity of both tetrodotoxin-resistant(TTX-r) and tetrodotoxin-sensitive(TTX-s) NaV channels. All the compounds showed low selectivity on NaV channel subtypes. After intraperitoneal injection, three compounds of these compounds exerted analgesic activity in mice. In conclusion, phenolic acids identified in SC demonstrated analgesic activity, facilitating the mechanistic studies of SC in the treatment of neurasthenia.

裂褶菌胞外多糖发酵条件的研究

通过单因子试验和正交试验确定了裂褶菌产糖的最优培养基配方为葡萄糖45g/L,酵母膏3g/L, KH2PO4 0.5 g/L,MgSO4 ·7H2O0.5 g/L;最适发酵条件为接种龄66 h,接种量10％,培养温度27℃,装液量20％,初 始pH6。得到摇瓶条件下菌体最大得率20.75 g/L,胞外粗多糖最大得率2.7015g/L,其中纯糖含量为90％。

原子吸收光谱法测定云南野生裂褶菌中的7种金属元素

为开发和利用云南野生裂褶菌提供一定的科学依据,采用原子吸收光谱法测定了其中Zn,Co,Ni,Cu,Fe,Cr和Mg7种金属元素的含量。结果表明,裂褶菌中Zn,Co,Ni,Fe,Cr和Mg含量丰富,Cu含量较低,Zn/Cu值为7.4,与抗癌中药中微量元素的含量有Zn高Cu低的关系相同,说明云南野生裂褶菌有较高的营养价值。

产漆酶裂褶菌的筛选及其产酶培养条件优化研究

从采自秦岭的森林腐木菌苔上分离到一株产漆酶的裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune Fr.)菌株mys005,对其产漆酶培养方式、培养基组成及培养条件进行了优化试验。结果表明,裂褶菌菌株mys005的产漆酶适宜培养方式为液体浅层振荡培养,含有Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+的微量元素复合液、洋葱(Allium cepa L.)、麦(Triticum aestivum L.)麸对其产漆酶都有较大的促进作用,而愈创木酚则对其生长和产漆酶有抑制作用。由新鲜马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)200 g、K2HPO4 1.00 g、NaCl 0.50 g、MgSO4.7H2O 0.50 g、NaNO32.50 g、CaCl2.2H2O 0.10 g、FeCl30.02 g、吐温-80 1.20 mL溶于1 000 mL去离子水中组成的培养基在添加微量元素复合液(50 mg/mL CuCl2.2H2O+20 mg/mL MnSO4.H2O+10 mg/mL ZnSO4.7H2O)3 mL、洋葱100 g、麦麸10 g后,并且培养基起始pH 4.5、培养温度30℃、培养摇床转速200 r/min、培养时间7d,则摇瓶发酵的漆酶产酶量最高可达1 121 U/mL,显示出了良好的工业开发潜力。

裂褶多糖的结构研究

从裂褶菌ＳｃｈｉｚｏｌｈｙｌｌｉｍｃｏｍｍｕｎｅＦｒ．菌株的菌丝体，提取水溶性多糖、醇析、Ｓｅｖａｇ法脱蛋白、透析、再径ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ—５０，ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ—２００柱层析纯化，得裂褶多糖Ｓｐｇ（１）．用酸水解、部分酸水解、酶解、ＰＣ、ＴＬＣ、ＧＣ、ＩＲ、Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、ＮａＩＯ４氧化，Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解等分析，证明Ｓｐｇ是一种β─葡聚糖。主链β（１→３）连接，支链β（１→６）连接，分子量１０万．

菊花杆种植白参菌研究

为了探索采用菊花杆为主料种植白参菌的可行性,设置了3个配方和1个对照进行栽培试验,并采取两头开口和脱袋周身出菇2种出菇方式,结果表明配方1采取脱袋出菇方式的白参菌子实体产量及生物学效率最高,生物学效率高达41%,仅次于CK的42%,与其余各配方相比,配方1为较好的白参菌栽培料配方。

裂褶菌产内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化

采用不同饱和度的硫酸铵溶液对内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶粗酶液进行分段盐析,以确定最佳盐析条件,将盐析处理后的酶液经透析浓缩、DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析等进一步分离纯化,浓缩纯化后的含酶组分,经过SDS-PAGE电泳分析其纯度并初步确定其分子量。结果显示:经过纯化后的内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的比活力由20.90U/mg提高到933.37U/mg,纯化倍数为44.7倍,酶活回收率为11.6%,电泳分析呈单一条带,分子量近似为45ku。

裂褶菌产内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶培养基组成的优化研究

采用恒温摇床培养法培养裂褶菌,研究了裂褶菌产内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶培养基组成中的碳源、氮源及各种无机盐的单因素参数,并采用四因素三水平正交实验对主要影响因素进行分析,从而确定最佳的产酶培养基配方为:葡萄糖2%,牛肉膏0.3%,NH4Cl0.1%,KH2PO40.05%,MgSO40.05%。

咖啡园茶园套种白参菌栽培技术

阐述云南咖啡园、茶园套种白参菌的栽培技术要点,并对套种白参菌的综合效益进行分析。

裂褶菌研究进展综述

裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune Fr.)属珍稀食药用菌,具有显著的强身健体、抗肿瘤、防衰老功效。较系统介绍裂褶菌的活性成分、栽培历史、品种资源及分布、生物学特性、母种培养和栽培培养基筛选,以及栽培(出菇)模式等方面的研究进展和主要结果。

裂褶菌的规模化栽培技术

介绍了裂褶菌的生态习性、生物学特性及人工栽培技术。裂褶菌（Schizophyllum ocmmuner）属中、高温型菌类，菌丝生长最适温度为22—25℃，子实体形成温度为14—20℃，孢子萌发最适温度为21-26℃；培养基最适含水量为60％，75％；菌丝体发育阶段，需氧量大，子实体形成阶段也需通风换气；菌丝生长阶段，对光照要求不严格，当菌丝形成原基并发育成子实体时，需要光照300～500lx；裂褶菌人工栽培原料较为广泛。用棉籽壳、杂木屑厦各种农作物秸秆为主料，辅之包谷面、麸皮、米糠等为培养基，裂褶菌子实体叶片平展时厦时采收。子实体采收后培养料还可用以其他菌类的栽培。

Effects of Ethanol Addition and Biological Pretreatment on Soda Pulping of Eulaliopsis binata

Morphological characteristics and proximate chemical analysis of E. binata showed it as a suitable raw material for writing and printing grade paper. Maximum pulp yield (43.58%) of kappa number 17.38 with 0.9% screening rejects was obtained at 12% of active alkali (as Na2O) pulping temperature 130&degC, cooking time 120 min and solid to liquor ratio 1:4. During bio-soda pulping of E. binata, pulp yield decreased slightly while pulp brightness, tensile index, burst index and double fold numbers were improved by 4.1%, 24.94%, 14.03% and 48.45% respectively compared to soda pulping. During ethanol-soda pulping of E. binata, pulp yield, pulp brightness, tensile index, burst index and double fold numbers were improved by 3.9%, 6.6%, 32.18%, 35.40% and 77.31% respectively compared to soda pulping.

内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化及性质研究

对裂褶菌所产的内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶粗酶液通过饱和硫酸铵沉淀,透析脱盐和Sephadex G-75柱层析进行纯化,纯化倍数为26.9倍,酶活回收率为33.8%。酶学性质研究表明,最适温度和pH分别为45℃和5.0,pH4.5-5.5范围内酶活相对稳定,热稳定性在60℃以下。Fe^(2+),Ba^(2+)对该酶有激活作用,Zn^(2+),K^+,Cu^(2+),Ag^(2+),Hg^(2+),Ca^(2+)对该酶有抑制作用。