Fish artificial breeding and release is an important method to restore wild populations of endemic fish species around the world.Schizothorax wangchiachii(SW)is an endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River and is one of...Fish artificial breeding and release is an important method to restore wild populations of endemic fish species around the world.Schizothorax wangchiachii(SW)is an endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River and is one of the most important species for the artificial breeding and release program implemented in the Yalong River drainage system in China.It is unclear how artificially bred SW adapts to the changeable wild environment post-release,after being in a controlled and very different artificial environment.Thus,the gut samples were collected and analyzed for food composition and microbial 16S rRNA in artificially bred SW juveniles at day 0(before release),5,10,15,20,25,and 30 after release to the lower reaches of the Yalong River.The results indicated that SW began to ingest periphytic algae from the natural habitat before day 5,and this feeding habit is gradually stabilized at day 15.Prior to release,Fusobacteria are the dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota of SW,while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria generally are the dominant bacteria after release.The results of microbial assembly mechanisms illustrated that deterministic processes played a more prominent role than stochastic processes in the gut microbial community of artificially bred SW juveniles after releasing into the wild.Overall,the present study integrates the macroscopic and microscopic methods to provide an insight into the food and gut microbial reorganization in the released SW.This study will be an important research direction to explore the ecological adaptability of artificially bred fish after releasing into the wild.展开更多
研究应用SLAF-seq技术开发了短须裂腹鱼(Schizothoraxwangchiachii)的SNP标记,并使用开发的SNP标记分析了野生种群的遗传多样性。结果显示实验中RsaⅠ-HaeⅢ的酶切效率为86.93%,共得到80.08 M reads。通过生物信息学分析,共获得709758个...研究应用SLAF-seq技术开发了短须裂腹鱼(Schizothoraxwangchiachii)的SNP标记,并使用开发的SNP标记分析了野生种群的遗传多样性。结果显示实验中RsaⅠ-HaeⅢ的酶切效率为86.93%,共得到80.08 M reads。通过生物信息学分析,共获得709758个SLAF标签,其中多态性的SLAF标签共有243304个,共得到777082个群体SNP,测序平均Q30为94.79%,平均GC含量为40.16%,测得观测等位基因数为2.005,期望等位基因数为1.5272,观测杂合度为0.2007,期望杂合度为0.3160,平均遗传距离为0.1523,遗传多样性指数为0.3386,香浓指数为0.4827,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.2562,次要基因型频率(MAF)为0.2313,结果表明目前金沙江阿海至龙开口段短须裂腹鱼野生种群遗传多样性处于中等水平,这和人为干扰有关。近年来短须裂腹鱼数量逐年减少,研究短须裂腹鱼的遗传多样性对保护其种质资源起着重要的作用。展开更多
为积累短须裂腹鱼的基础生物学资料,并对规模化人工繁殖提供理论指导,利用养殖条件下的短须裂腹鱼亲鱼,通过干法授精获得受精卵,对其胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育全过程进行连续观察。短须裂腹鱼受精卵的平均卵径为2.36 mm,吸水膨胀后为3.68 ...为积累短须裂腹鱼的基础生物学资料,并对规模化人工繁殖提供理论指导,利用养殖条件下的短须裂腹鱼亲鱼,通过干法授精获得受精卵,对其胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育全过程进行连续观察。短须裂腹鱼受精卵的平均卵径为2.36 mm,吸水膨胀后为3.68 mm,沉性卵、弱粘性、卵黄丰富。在水温（14±1）℃的条件下,受精后6 h 30 min进入卵裂期,20 h 55 min进入囊胚期,60 h 28 min进入原肠期,70 h 4 min进入原肠中期,77 h 52 min进入神经胚期,142 h肌肉开始收缩,177 h 46 min进入心动期,254 h 40 min开始出膜。孵化全过程所需积温为3 565.3℃·h。初孵仔鱼全长8.7 mm。出膜后第2-9天,胸鳍、鳃、口腔、眼色素、体内血管等器官相继发育完全;第10天仔鱼全长达15.15mm,鳔充气,鱼苗开始平游和觅食。孵化过程中应重点防控水霉病。早期仔鱼可以投喂轮虫、蛋黄或者豆浆等,待仔鱼捕食能力变强之后,可以投喂更加适口的枝角类、嫩口丰年虫等。展开更多
基金The authors thank the Fish Reproduction Station of Jinping-Guandi,China for providing the place for dissecting experiments.This study was supported by grants from the Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.(No.YLDC-ZBA-2018116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900373).We thank Megan Price for her help with language editing.
文摘Fish artificial breeding and release is an important method to restore wild populations of endemic fish species around the world.Schizothorax wangchiachii(SW)is an endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River and is one of the most important species for the artificial breeding and release program implemented in the Yalong River drainage system in China.It is unclear how artificially bred SW adapts to the changeable wild environment post-release,after being in a controlled and very different artificial environment.Thus,the gut samples were collected and analyzed for food composition and microbial 16S rRNA in artificially bred SW juveniles at day 0(before release),5,10,15,20,25,and 30 after release to the lower reaches of the Yalong River.The results indicated that SW began to ingest periphytic algae from the natural habitat before day 5,and this feeding habit is gradually stabilized at day 15.Prior to release,Fusobacteria are the dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota of SW,while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria generally are the dominant bacteria after release.The results of microbial assembly mechanisms illustrated that deterministic processes played a more prominent role than stochastic processes in the gut microbial community of artificially bred SW juveniles after releasing into the wild.Overall,the present study integrates the macroscopic and microscopic methods to provide an insight into the food and gut microbial reorganization in the released SW.This study will be an important research direction to explore the ecological adaptability of artificially bred fish after releasing into the wild.
文摘研究应用SLAF-seq技术开发了短须裂腹鱼(Schizothoraxwangchiachii)的SNP标记,并使用开发的SNP标记分析了野生种群的遗传多样性。结果显示实验中RsaⅠ-HaeⅢ的酶切效率为86.93%,共得到80.08 M reads。通过生物信息学分析,共获得709758个SLAF标签,其中多态性的SLAF标签共有243304个,共得到777082个群体SNP,测序平均Q30为94.79%,平均GC含量为40.16%,测得观测等位基因数为2.005,期望等位基因数为1.5272,观测杂合度为0.2007,期望杂合度为0.3160,平均遗传距离为0.1523,遗传多样性指数为0.3386,香浓指数为0.4827,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.2562,次要基因型频率(MAF)为0.2313,结果表明目前金沙江阿海至龙开口段短须裂腹鱼野生种群遗传多样性处于中等水平,这和人为干扰有关。近年来短须裂腹鱼数量逐年减少,研究短须裂腹鱼的遗传多样性对保护其种质资源起着重要的作用。
文摘为积累短须裂腹鱼的基础生物学资料,并对规模化人工繁殖提供理论指导,利用养殖条件下的短须裂腹鱼亲鱼,通过干法授精获得受精卵,对其胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育全过程进行连续观察。短须裂腹鱼受精卵的平均卵径为2.36 mm,吸水膨胀后为3.68 mm,沉性卵、弱粘性、卵黄丰富。在水温（14±1）℃的条件下,受精后6 h 30 min进入卵裂期,20 h 55 min进入囊胚期,60 h 28 min进入原肠期,70 h 4 min进入原肠中期,77 h 52 min进入神经胚期,142 h肌肉开始收缩,177 h 46 min进入心动期,254 h 40 min开始出膜。孵化全过程所需积温为3 565.3℃·h。初孵仔鱼全长8.7 mm。出膜后第2-9天,胸鳍、鳃、口腔、眼色素、体内血管等器官相继发育完全;第10天仔鱼全长达15.15mm,鳔充气,鱼苗开始平游和觅食。孵化过程中应重点防控水霉病。早期仔鱼可以投喂轮虫、蛋黄或者豆浆等,待仔鱼捕食能力变强之后,可以投喂更加适口的枝角类、嫩口丰年虫等。
