Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selec...Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.展开更多
With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education ...With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education of migrant children poses significant challenges to China's hukou based education system. In this paper, we first review the policy developments and descriptive studies related to migrant children's education to offer a comprehensive view of the issue. We then provide in-depth examination of several important quantitative literatures, including the effect of parental migration on children's education, schooling choices of migrant children and their impacts on school performance, peer effects of migrant children in urban public schools. Overall, although considerable progress has been made regarding migrant children's education in China, more fundamental policy reforms are necessary to improve the quality of migrant children^ education at the compulsory education level and beyond.展开更多
基金funded by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, NFA-CHN-FE-2003-01-00
文摘Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.
基金the National Science Foundation of China (Project Number:71773074)National Science Foundation of China Youth Program (Project Number:71303149)+4 种基金the Shanghai Soong Ching Ling Foundation (Lu Jiaxian and Gao Wenying Special Foundation)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (Project Number:2014110310)the National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Project Number:71425005)China National Science Foundation (Project Number:71773037)the Yangtze River Scholars Program (Project Number:T2012069).
文摘With the rapid urbanization and mass internal migration in China during the past several decades, the population of children who migrate with their parents to the cities has now reached over 35 million. The education of migrant children poses significant challenges to China's hukou based education system. In this paper, we first review the policy developments and descriptive studies related to migrant children's education to offer a comprehensive view of the issue. We then provide in-depth examination of several important quantitative literatures, including the effect of parental migration on children's education, schooling choices of migrant children and their impacts on school performance, peer effects of migrant children in urban public schools. Overall, although considerable progress has been made regarding migrant children's education in China, more fundamental policy reforms are necessary to improve the quality of migrant children^ education at the compulsory education level and beyond.
